CN106042263B - 用于制造纵向构件包覆层的方法和纵向构件包覆层 - Google Patents

用于制造纵向构件包覆层的方法和纵向构件包覆层 Download PDF

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CN106042263B
CN106042263B CN201610203190.6A CN201610203190A CN106042263B CN 106042263 B CN106042263 B CN 106042263B CN 201610203190 A CN201610203190 A CN 201610203190A CN 106042263 B CN106042263 B CN 106042263B
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J.弗莱格
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/16—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles
    • B29C45/1671—Making multilayered or multicoloured articles with an insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14008—Inserting articles into the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
    • B29C45/14221—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure by tools, e.g. cutting means
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/04—External Ornamental or guard strips; Ornamental inscriptive devices thereon
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C2045/1486—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations
    • B29C2045/14868—Pretreatment of the insert, e.g. etching, cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • B29C45/14344—Moulding in or through a hole in the article, e.g. outsert moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/14336—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article
    • B29C45/14377—Coating a portion of the article, e.g. the edge of the article using an additional insert, e.g. a fastening element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2055/00—Use of specific polymers obtained by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, not provided for in a single one of main groups B29K2023/00 - B29K2049/00, e.g. having a vinyl group, as moulding material
    • B29K2055/02—ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0025—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
    • B29K2995/0026—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B29L2031/3041—Trim panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/747—Lightning equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/24—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments for lighting other areas than only the way ahead
    • B60Q1/247—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments for lighting other areas than only the way ahead for illuminating the close surroundings of the vehicle, e.g. to facilitate entry or exit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/32—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating vehicle sides, e.g. clearance lights
    • B60Q1/323—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic for indicating vehicle sides, e.g. clearance lights on or for doors

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  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于由塑料材料制造纵向构件包覆层(1)的方法，所述方法具有以下步骤：在塑料注射成型工具中铺设薄膜；从薄膜按需求对透光区域冲孔；保留冲孔工具形成为冲模在冲孔位置中；在所述冲模内使用第一塑料材料注射成型薄膜的冲出区域；缩回所述冲模；使用第二塑料材料填充和背注射成型围绕冲孔的体积。

Description

用于制造纵向构件包覆层的方法和纵向构件包覆层
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于乘用车辆的纵向构件包覆层，并且涉及一种用于制造纵向构件包覆层的方法，所述纵向构件包覆层具有可固定地连接到该乘用车辆的主体的细长包覆部分，并在组装状态下至少在可见侧上覆盖纵向构件。
背景技术
在这种类型的纵向构件包覆层中，其在各自情况下用于覆盖在翼的轮拱之间横向延伸的纵向构件，在主体上的安装是在多个紧固点处进行的，在位置方面，后者由孔和主体部件的其它连接元件预限定。
为了避免倾斜安装，已知的纵向构件包覆层通常以多个部分实施，在门间隙处隔开的端部被以复杂方式紧固。接合处的覆盖是通过分离盖和装饰条的方式进行的，所述装饰条组装在特别提供的紧固点上，并且在周界处突出超过翼和包覆层。除了在造型上缺乏一体性外，最重要的是，在生产和装配上增加的复杂性在这里被视为是不利的。DE19718531在各自情况下公开了意图覆盖接合处的接合面板，所述接合面板能够通过连接元件初步装配在端部，并且端部与预组装的接合面板一起能够通过连接元件固定至主体的所分配连接点。
对于现代汽车，在照明技术方面，外观的重要性稳步增长。在这里，使用了超出诸如前灯或尾灯的正常照明的照明元件。这里的一个例子是照亮车辆旁边区域的环绕灯，其允许司机没有顾虑地上车或下车。这些环绕灯例如被集成在后视镜或者在门开口中。
由于环绕灯被附接在车辆旁边的地面以上比较高的高度处，前者必须配备有强大的照明装置。
发明内容
由此，本发明的一个目的是提出一种以简单方式紧固并且承担照明功能的纵向构件包覆层。
该目的是通过一种用于由塑料材料制造纵向构件包覆层的方法实现的，所述方法具有以下步骤：
·从薄膜按需求对透光区域冲孔；
·在塑料注射成型工具中铺设薄膜；
·将冲模引入冲孔的位置内；
·在冲模内使用第一塑料材料注射成型薄膜的冲出区域；
·缩回冲模；
·使用第二塑料材料填充和背注射成型(back injection-moulding)围绕冲孔的体积。
该方法的优点在于塑料材料的无接合引入，并且在于由此的塑料材料组合物的良好附着。
在用于由塑料材料制造纵向构件包覆层的方法中，有利的是所述第一塑料材料与第二塑料材料是不同的。
其结果是，能够处理具有不同特性的塑料材料，并且在这方面，能够将有利的材料连接到昂贵的部件。材料特性由此也能够进行调整。
第二塑料材料在这里有利地是由PP或ABS组成的。
有利的是，第一塑料材料是一种透光材料。这里，在本申请中使用的术语透光也可指特定的波长范围。
所发明的具有沿纵向车辆构件的纵向广度的塑料材料的纵向构件包覆层具有紧固装置，其中，通过根据已说明方法的多相注射成型方法制造并且接收照明装置的透光区域存在于纵向构件包覆层中。
由此，照明效果可以非常接近行车道实现，并且照明装置为了照射车辆的周围所需要的输出较低。
特别有利的是，透光区域在纵向构件包覆层的整个长度上均匀地布置。
然而，透光区域仅布置在纵向构件包覆层的中心部分的布置也可以是有利的。这里，仅对应于正在打开的车门的部分区域被点亮。
有利的是，所述透光区域被布置为使得所述照明装置在行车道方向上向下发射。
附图说明
本发明将在下面以示例性方式参照所附图进行描述，其中
图1示出了制造方法的示意图；
图2示出了示意图；并且
图3示出了示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了用于制造纵向构件包覆层的制造过程。塑料注射成型工具6在最上面的示图中示意性示出。为了简化示图，下工具的周界和工具的上部在这里都没有描绘。然而，显而易见的是，必须有用于制造所述纵向构件包覆层的空腔，也就是说要填充的中空空间。这些部件的表面必须具有在外观方面以及在耐冲击性和耐候性方面的特性，这些特性被客户预期并且例如以复杂的涂装方法满足。为了避免这些耗时并且耗成本的方法，采用形成成品部件的表面(背成型后)的薄膜。通常情况下，这些薄膜最初在热工具中模塑，随之在冷却后被使用背成型材料背注射成型，所述背成型材料通常是硬质塑料或热塑性材料。
在该方法的第一变体中，间隙被引入已经在注射成形工具外的薄膜7内，并且切出的材料被去除。
薄膜7被分别铺设在工具6上或搁置到工具的间隙内。在我们的示出的例子中，薄膜以平坦方式铺设并且没有预成型，然而，这并不对应于纵向构件的制造中的现实。也就是说，另一方法步骤(即薄膜在工具中的热成型)将必须在这里提供。所述薄膜是由挤出材料组成的，该材料可用于车辆上的外部应用。如果薄膜在背注射成型之前是预成型并且涂装的，该步骤被省去。
在下一操作步骤中，冲模8从上方压到薄膜7上。
在形状和尺寸方面，冲模适合于间隙，并且通过所述冲模的周边将间隙的周边驱入工具6内。框架形成透明区域的周边。
其结果是，冲模8意图作为代表在透光区域制造过程中的划界的框架。
冲模被构造为中空空间，并起到框架的作用。注射器9被引入到冲模8的内部，并且使用第一塑料材料10，间隙的区域被注射成型。
此后，冲模8从薄膜7的平面E1并且从第一塑料材料10向上并且远离移动，直到所述冲模8大致位于成品部件的平面E2上。由此，第二塑料材料在透光部件后面沿平面E2的展开被防止。
此后，使用第二塑料材料11，在薄膜7之上围绕第一塑料材料10的空腔被背注射成型并填充。
第二塑料材料11在这里可完全润湿第一塑料材料10的侧壁12和薄膜7的间隙的壁，并且建立最优的连接和无接合表面。
所得的透光区域的无接合设计结构可在图1的放大中看到。
根据设计实施例，由于第一塑料材料10被注入到超出间隙几毫米，台阶14产生在侧壁12与薄膜的壁13之间。
该间隙使用的塑料材料是一种透光材料。这里的透光材料可以是在可见光区透明的，以便对环绕灯是有意义的。首先，这里采用的是PMMA。但是，也有可能的是，所选择的材料是在红外范围或在紫外范围内透明的。结合传感器采用这些波长范围照明车辆周围是可以想象的。
由于透明的材料，特别是在可见光范围内透明的材料通常是脆性的，将塑料材料的应用限制在间隙区域是有意义的。纵向构件包覆层本身是使用第二塑料材料制造的，所述第二塑料材料比透光材料更加柔性，并且可以以更具成本效益的方式使用。
这里，诸如ABS或PP的塑料材料被采用。然而，根据本发明的解决方案的使用并不限于这些塑料材料。
示例性构造元件在图2和图3中示出。
纵向构件包覆层1被划分成三个区域，即第一区域、中心区域5、以及在车辆的后方方向上延伸的端部区域。布置在中心区域5中的三个间隙在图2的例子中示出。车辆的前门在这个区域中打开，使透光区域4照亮行车道，这对于驾驶员是方便的。在一个替代实施例中，间隙也沿纵向构件包覆层的整个纵向轴线L延伸。该透光区域优选地位于其中的下部区域3在图3中示出。纵向构件包覆层而且具有紧固件2，前者通过所述紧固件连接到车辆的纵向构件。
由于透光区域4如此接近行车道，前者是能够有效地照亮在车辆周围的行车道F的，能够采用具有较低输出的照明装置，并且由此能够以具有成本效益的方式安装。照明装置在这里或者以合适的方式粘合在或者以其他方式紧固在透光区域4后面。然而，由于纵向构件包覆层位于严重喷溅水并且灰尘进入的区域，也有意义的是照明装置在注射成型过程的一开始就被集成。
为此，照明装置被搁在冲模8中，使得前者是通过注射器9插入成型的。
引用标记列表
1 纵向构件包覆层
2 紧固件
3 下部区域
4 透光区域
5 中心区域
6 塑料注射成型工具
7 薄膜
8 冲模
9 注射器
10 第一塑料材料
11 第二塑料材料
12 侧壁
13 壁
14 台阶
E1、E2 平面
F 行车道

Claims (11)

1.一种用于由塑料材料制造纵向构件包覆层(1)的方法，所述方法具有以下步骤：
·从薄膜(7)按需求对透光区域冲孔；
·在塑料注射成型工具(6)中铺设薄膜(7)；
·将冲模(8)引入所述冲孔的位置内；
·在所述冲模(8)内使用第一塑料材料注射成型薄膜的冲出区域；
·缩回所述冲模(8)；
·使用第二塑料材料填充和背注射成型围绕冲孔的体积。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述薄膜(7)在所述工具中形成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冲模(8)缩回到部件的平面(E2)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，照明元件搁置在所述冲模(8)中。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一塑料材料与所述第二塑料材料是不同的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二塑料材料是PP或ABS。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一塑料材料是透光材料。
8.由塑料材料形成的纵向构件包覆层(1)，其具有沿纵向车辆构件的纵向范围并且具有紧固装置，其特征在于，通过根据权利要求1所述的用于由塑料材料制造纵向构件包覆层(1)的方法制造的并且接收照明装置的透光区域存在于所述纵向构件包覆层(1)中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的纵向构件包覆层(1)，其特征在于，所述透光区域在所述纵向构件包覆层(1)的整个长度上均匀地布置。
10.根据权利要求8所述的纵向构件包覆层(1)，其特征在于，所述透光区域(4)仅布置在所述纵向构件包覆层(1)的中心区域(5)中。
11.根据权利要求8所述的纵向构件包覆层(1)，其特征在于，所述透光区域(4)布置为使得所述照明装置在行车道(F)的方向上向下发射。
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