CN106041095A - 一种新型粉末冶金齿轮 - Google Patents
一种新型粉末冶金齿轮 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106041095A CN106041095A CN201610597650.8A CN201610597650A CN106041095A CN 106041095 A CN106041095 A CN 106041095A CN 201610597650 A CN201610597650 A CN 201610597650A CN 106041095 A CN106041095 A CN 106041095A
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- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,由以下原料制成:铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、石墨粉、环氧硬酯酸丁酯、硅油、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、聚乙二醇、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维、氮化硼、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂。本发明的新型粉末冶金齿轮,通过特定的成分配比,使得新型粉末冶金齿轮整体密度均匀,致密度高,延伸率和断面收缩率大,耐磨性、强度和硬度好,材料利用率高,适于大批量快速生产高性能齿轮。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明属于粉末冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种新型粉末冶金齿轮。
【背景技术】
齿轮是依靠齿的啮合可靠且无噪声地传输转矩的轮状机械零件,齿轮通过与其它齿状机械零件传动,可实现改变转速与扭矩、改变运动方向和改变运动形式等功能。目前齿轮传动已成为应用最广泛的传动方式。
粉末冶金技术,能够以与制品形状极其相近的形状生产要求高尺寸精度、复杂的形状的部件,能够大幅度地减少切削成本。尤其在齿轮制造领域,粉末冶金法制造齿轮是一种高效、精密、灵活的金属加工工艺,适于大批量低成本生产高强度、高精度公差的齿轮。大大减少了传统钢材机加工所导致的质量、性能差的不足。
但是,现有的粉末冶金零件,由于配方不够完善、混料不均匀,导致材料利用率低,压制成的生坯的不均匀,通过热处理所得的零件的整体密度不均匀,致密度低,延伸率和断面收缩率小,耐磨性、强度和硬度较差。
【发明内容】
本发明提供一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,以解决现有新型粉末冶金齿轮整体密度不均匀,致密度低,延伸率和断面收缩率小,耐磨性、强度和硬度较差,材料利用率低,制备成本高等问题。本发明的新型粉末冶金齿轮,通过特定的成分配比,使得新型粉末冶金齿轮整体密度均匀,致密度高,延伸率和断面收缩率大,耐磨性、强度和硬度好,材料利用率高,适于大批量快速生产高性能齿轮。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:铁粉282-850份、铜粉2-6份、钼粉2-5份、钒粉3-5份、镍粉1-3份、钇粉2-3份、铝粉2-3份、镁粉1-2份、钴粉1-1.5份、铅粉1-1.8份、钢渣粉1.5-2.5份、化铁炉渣粉1-2份、铁合金渣粉1-2份、改性树木灰烬粉0.8-1.2份、石墨粉0.6-1.2份、环氧硬酯酸丁酯0.6-1份、硅油0.4-0.9份、甲基纤维素0.6-0.8份、硬脂酸铝0.3-1份、聚乙二醇0.4-0.8份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺0.2-0.4份、硬酯酸0.5-0.8份、碳素纤维0.4-0.7份、玻璃纤维0.3-0.5份、氮化硼0.2-0.3份、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.1-0.2份、二氧化硅0.05-0.1份、硫化锰0.03-0.05份、丙烯酸酯0.01-0.03份、抑制剂0.02-0.04份、粘结剂0.06-0.08份、强化剂0.04-0.08份、切削剂0.08-0.12份、润滑剂0.12-0.15份、偶联剂0.1-0.14份、分散剂0.1-0.12份;
所述的粉末原料中各种金属粉末的粒径为200-400目;
所述环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为增粘剂;
所述二氧化硅为抗磨剂;
所述硫化锰为加工助剂;
所述丙烯酸酯为调节剂;
所述抑制剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:碳化钨12-16份、碳化铌10-14份、碳化钽10-12份、氮化钨8-10份、碳化钛10-15份、硫化钼6-8份、氟化铈5-9份、碳8-15份;
所述粘结剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:铝化镍9-15份、三铝化钛8-14份、氮化铝6-12份、锌5-10份;
所述新型粉末冶金齿轮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、石墨粉、聚乙二醇、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维加入到搅拌机中,在转速为100-200r/min下搅拌10-14min,制得混合物A;
S2:将环氧硬酯酸丁酯、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、氮化硼加入搅拌机中在转速为200-300r/min下搅拌12-16min,制得混合物B;
S3:将步骤S1制得的混合物A、步骤S2制得的混合物B、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、硅油、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯类调节剂、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂加入到搅拌机中,在温度为200-280℃,转速为300-400r/min下搅拌2-4h,制得混合物C;
S4:将步骤S3制得的混合物C放入压机,由压机将所述混合物C送入预设的产品模具中,并在压力为560-620MPa下压制成生坯件;
S5:将步骤S4制得的生坯件放在烧结炉中,在氢气和氮气混合气体的保护气氛中,先在680-700℃下,预烧结45-50min,其中氢气与氮气的体积比为1.8-2.2:97.8-98.2,然后按以下升温和温度进行烧结:
1)以升温速率18-22℃/ min,从680-700℃升温至900-940℃,并保温8-12 min;
2)以升温速率23-27℃/ min,从900-940℃升温至1050-1080℃,并保温14-16min;
3)以升温速率12-16℃/ min,从1050-1080℃升温至1180-1200℃,并在此温度下烧结145-150min,制得工件;
S6:将步骤S5制得的工件进行淬火,淬火温度为810-830℃,淬火时间为40-50min,然后以升温速率8-12℃/ min升温至920-930℃,保温70-80min,再进行回火,回火温度为220-230℃,回火保温时间为80-85min,制得低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S7:将步骤S6制得的低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮在渗碳炉中,在气态的渗碳介质中加热到820-860℃,保温5.5-6h,接着冷却至125-128℃,保温6-7h,再接着冷却到室温,制得渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S8:将步骤S7制得的渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮送入蒸汽炉内,进行蒸汽处理,蒸汽温度为720-740℃,保温2.5-2.8h,然后在170-185℃下保温3.5-4h,最后自然冷却到室温,制得新型粉末冶金齿轮产品。
进一步地,所述改性树木灰烬粉通过以下方法制备而成:将树木灰烬先用28%-32%的硫酸浸泡20-25min,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,再用去离子水冲洗去杂,再和NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂混合,所述NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为树木灰烬重量的1.2%-1.8%,以喷雾形式加入高速混料机中,搅拌16-18min后出料,烘干、粉碎过500-600目筛子,制得改性树木灰烬粉。
进一步地,所述强化剂为701粉强化剂。
进一步地,所述切削剂以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:切削油12-14份、磷酸三丙酯8-10份、二壬基萘磺酸钙4-6份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚5-9份、十二烯基丁二酸5-7份、三乙醇胺硼酸酯8-10份、聚丙烯酰胺6-10份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠7-9份、苯甲酸5-8份、油酸酰胺3-7份、乙二胺四乙酸四钠2-6份、氨基羧酸类螯合剂1-2份、聚乙二醇7-13份。
进一步地,所述润滑剂,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:聚乙烯基异丁醚18-38份、氯化石蜡6-12份、氧化镁微粒4-8份、硬脂酸铝6-19份、羧酸酰胺8-12份、醋酸丁脂12-14份、硼酸6-10份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮7-10份、二甲基甲酰胺6-9份。
进一步地,所述偶联剂为环氧硅烷类偶联剂。
进一步地,所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明制得的新型粉末冶金齿轮具有良好的综合性能,其中伸长率达到了17.98%以上,断面收缩率达到了51.31%以上,抗拉强度达到了828.97MPa 以上,屈服强度达到了543.04MPa 以上,硬度达到了109.56HRC 以上,材料利用率达到了92.14%以上,致密度达到了91.72%以上;
(2)本发明的新型粉末冶金齿轮,将钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、树木灰烬粉作为新型粉末冶金齿轮的特定组分使用,资源化利用了废弃物,有效降低了成本;
(3)本发明的新型粉末冶金齿轮,通过特定的成分配比,使得新型粉末冶金齿轮整体密度均匀,致密度高,延伸率和断面收缩率大,耐磨性、强度和硬度好,材料利用率高,适于大批量快速生产高性能齿轮。
【具体实施方式】
为便于更好地理解本发明,通过以下实施例加以说明,这些实施例属于本发明的保护范围,但不限制本发明的保护范围。
在实施例中,所述新型粉末冶金齿轮,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:铁粉282-850份、铜粉2-6份、钼粉2-5份、钒粉3-5份、镍粉1-3份、钇粉2-3份、铝粉2-3份、镁粉1-2份、钴粉1-1.5份、铅粉1-1.8份、钢渣粉1.5-2.5份、化铁炉渣粉1-2份、铁合金渣粉1-2份、改性树木灰烬粉0.8-1.2份、石墨粉0.6-1.2份、环氧硬酯酸丁酯0.6-1份、硅油0.4-0.9份、甲基纤维素0.6-0.8份、硬脂酸铝0.3-1份、聚乙二醇0.4-0.8份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺0.2-0.4份、硬酯酸0.5-0.8份、碳素纤维0.4-0.7份、玻璃纤维0.3-0.5份、氮化硼0.2-0.3份、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.1-0.2份、二氧化硅0.05-0.1份、硫化锰0.03-0.05份、丙烯酸酯0.01-0.03份、抑制剂0.02-0.04份、粘结剂0.06-0.08份、强化剂0.04-0.08份、切削剂0.08-0.12份、润滑剂0.12-0.15份、偶联剂0.1-0.14份、分散剂0.1-0.12份;
所述的粉末原料中各种金属粉末的粒径为200-400目;
所述改性树木灰烬粉通过以下方法制备而成:将树木灰烬先用28%-32%的硫酸浸泡20-25min,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,再用去离子水冲洗去杂,再和NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂混合,所述NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为树木灰烬重量的1.2%-1.8%,以喷雾形式加入高速混料机中,搅拌16-18min后出料,烘干、粉碎过500-600目筛子,制得改性树木灰烬粉;
所述环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为增粘剂;
所述二氧化硅为抗磨剂;
所述硫化锰为加工助剂;
所述丙烯酸酯为调节剂;
所述抑制剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:碳化钨12-16份、碳化铌10-14份、碳化钽10-12份、氮化钨8-10份、碳化钛10-15份、硫化钼6-8份、氟化铈5-9份、碳8-15份;
所述粘结剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:铝化镍9-15份、三铝化钛8-14份、氮化铝6-12份、锌5-10份;
所述强化剂为701粉强化剂;
所述切削剂以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:切削油12-14份、磷酸三丙酯8-10份、二壬基萘磺酸钙4-6份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚5-9份、十二烯基丁二酸5-7份、三乙醇胺硼酸酯8-10份、聚丙烯酰胺6-10份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠7-9份、苯甲酸5-8份、油酸酰胺3-7份、乙二胺四乙酸四钠2-6份、氨基羧酸类螯合剂1-2份、聚乙二醇7-13份;所述切削剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将切削油、磷酸三丙酯、二壬基萘磺酸钙、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、十二烯基丁二酸、三乙醇胺硼酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、苯甲酸混合均匀,然后将混合物加热至52-58℃;
步骤2,在步骤1所得混合物中加入剩余组分,继续加热至76-92℃,并保温2.5-3.5h,制得切削剂;
所述润滑剂,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:聚乙烯基异丁醚18-38份、氯化石蜡6-12份、氧化镁微粒4-8份、硬脂酸铝6-19份、羧酸酰胺8-12份、醋酸丁脂12-14份、硼酸6-10份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮7-10份、二甲基甲酰胺6-9份;所述润滑剂通过以下制备方法制得:
将润滑剂的原料组分加入到反应釜中于420-480℃反应11-19h,固化后然后采用对粒子具有切剪力的锥形磨作为机械分散设备,进行研磨分散,制得润滑剂;
所述偶联剂为环氧硅烷类偶联剂;
所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺;
所述新型粉末冶金齿轮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、石墨粉、聚乙二醇、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维加入到搅拌机中,在转速为100-200r/min下搅拌10-14min,制得混合物A;
S2:将环氧硬酯酸丁酯、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、氮化硼加入搅拌机中在转速为200-300r/min下搅拌12-16min,制得混合物B;
S3:将步骤S1制得的混合物A、步骤S2制得的混合物B、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、硅油、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯类调节剂、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂加入到搅拌机中,在温度为200-280℃,转速为300-400r/min下搅拌2-4h,制得混合物C;
S4:将步骤S3制得的混合物C放入压机,由压机将所述混合物C送入预设的产品模具中,并在压力为560-620MPa下压制成生坯件;
S5:将步骤S4制得的生坯件放在烧结炉中,在氢气和氮气混合气体的保护气氛中,先在680-700℃下,预烧结45-50min,其中氢气与氮气的体积比为1.8-2.2:97.8-98.2,然后按以下升温和温度进行烧结:
1)以升温速率18-22℃/ min,从680-700℃升温至900-940℃,并保温8-12 min;
2)以升温速率23-27℃/ min,从900-940℃升温至1050-1080℃,并保温14-16min;
3)以升温速率12-16℃/ min,从1050-1080℃升温至1180-1200℃,并在此温度下烧结145-150min,制得工件;
S6:将步骤S5制得的工件进行淬火,淬火温度为810-830℃,淬火时间为40-50min,然后以升温速率8-12℃/ min升温至920-930℃,保温70-80min,再进行回火,回火温度为220-230℃,回火保温时间为80-85min,制得低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S7:将步骤S6制得的低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮在渗碳炉中,在气态的渗碳介质中加热到820-860℃,保温5.5-6h,接着冷却至125-128℃,保温6-7h,再接着冷却到室温,制得渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S8:将步骤S7制得的渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮送入蒸汽炉内,进行蒸汽处理,蒸汽温度为720-740℃,保温2.5-2.8h,然后在170-185℃下保温3.5-4h,最后自然冷却到室温,制得新型粉末冶金齿轮产品。
实施例1
一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:铁粉560份、铜粉4份、钼粉4份、钒粉4份、镍粉2份、钇粉2.5份、铝粉2.5份、镁粉1.5份、钴粉1.2份、铅粉1.4份、钢渣粉2份、化铁炉渣粉1.5份、铁合金渣粉1.5份、改性树木灰烬粉1份、石墨粉0.9份、环氧硬酯酸丁酯0.8份、硅油0.7份、甲基纤维素0.7份、硬脂酸铝0.7份、聚乙二醇0.6份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺0.3份、硬酯酸0.7份、碳素纤维0.6份、玻璃纤维0.4份、氮化硼0.2份、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.1份、二氧化硅0.08份、硫化锰0.04份、丙烯酸酯0.02份、抑制剂0.03份、粘结剂0.07份、强化剂0.06份、切削剂0.1份、润滑剂0.14份、偶联剂0.12份、分散剂0.11份;
所述的粉末原料中各种金属粉末的粒径为200-400目;
所述改性树木灰烬粉通过以下方法制备而成:将树木灰烬先用30%的硫酸浸泡22min,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,再用去离子水冲洗去杂,再和NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂混合,所述NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为树木灰烬重量的1.5%,以喷雾形式加入高速混料机中,搅拌17min后出料,烘干、粉碎过550目筛子,制得改性树木灰烬粉;
所述环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为增粘剂;
所述二氧化硅为抗磨剂;
所述硫化锰为加工助剂;
所述丙烯酸酯为调节剂;
所述抑制剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:碳化钨14份、碳化铌12份、碳化钽10份、氮化钨9份、碳化钛12份、硫化钼7份、氟化铈7份、碳12份;
所述粘结剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:铝化镍12份、三铝化钛11份、氮化铝9份、锌8份;
所述强化剂为701粉强化剂;
所述切削剂以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:切削油13份、磷酸三丙酯9份、二壬基萘磺酸钙5份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚7份、十二烯基丁二酸6份、三乙醇胺硼酸酯9份、聚丙烯酰胺8份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠8份、苯甲酸6份、油酸酰胺5份、乙二胺四乙酸四钠4份、氨基羧酸类螯合剂1份、聚乙二醇5份;所述切削剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将切削油、磷酸三丙酯、二壬基萘磺酸钙、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、十二烯基丁二酸、三乙醇胺硼酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、苯甲酸混合均匀,然后将混合物加热至55℃;
步骤2,在步骤1所得混合物中加入剩余组分,继续加热至85℃,并保温3h,制得切削剂;
所述润滑剂,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:聚乙烯基异丁醚28份、氯化石蜡9份、氧化镁微粒6份、硬脂酸铝12份、羧酸酰胺10份、醋酸丁脂13份、硼酸8份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮8份、二甲基甲酰胺7份;所述润滑剂通过以下制备方法制得:
将润滑剂的原料组分加入到反应釜中于450℃反应15h,固化后然后采用对粒子具有切剪力的锥形磨作为机械分散设备,进行研磨分散,制得润滑剂;
所述偶联剂为环氧硅烷类偶联剂;
所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺;
所述新型粉末冶金齿轮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、石墨粉、聚乙二醇、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维加入到搅拌机中,在转速为150r/min下搅拌12min,制得混合物A;
S2:将环氧硬酯酸丁酯、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、氮化硼加入搅拌机中在转速为250r/min下搅拌14min,制得混合物B;
S3:将步骤S1制得的混合物A、步骤S2制得的混合物B、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、硅油、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯类调节剂、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂加入到搅拌机中,在温度为240℃,转速为350r/min下搅拌3h,制得混合物C;
S4:将步骤S3制得的混合物C放入压机,由压机将所述混合物C送入预设的产品模具中,并在压力为590MPa下压制成生坯件;
S5:将步骤S4制得的生坯件放在烧结炉中,在氢气和氮气混合气体的保护气氛中,先在690℃下,预烧结48min,其中氢气与氮气的体积比为2:98,然后按以下升温和温度进行烧结:
1)以升温速率20℃/ min,从690℃升温至920℃,并保温10 min;
2)以升温速率25℃/ min,从920℃升温至1065℃,并保温15min;
3)以升温速率14℃/ min,从1065℃升温至1180℃,并在此温度下烧结150min,制得工件;
S6:将步骤S5制得的工件进行淬火,淬火温度为820℃,淬火时间为45min,然后以升温速率10℃/ min升温至925℃,保温75min,再进行回火,回火温度为225℃,回火保温时间为82min,制得低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S7:将步骤S6制得的低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮在渗碳炉中,在气态的渗碳介质中加热到840℃,保温5.8h,接着冷却至126℃,保温6.5h,再接着冷却到室温,制得渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S8:将步骤S7制得的渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮送入蒸汽炉内,进行蒸汽处理,蒸汽温度为730℃,保温2.6h,然后在178℃下保温3.8h,最后自然冷却到室温,制得新型粉末冶金齿轮产品。
实施例2
一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:铁粉282份、铜粉2份、钼粉2份、钒粉3份、镍粉1份、钇粉2份、铝粉2份、镁粉1份、钴粉1份、铅粉1份、钢渣粉1.5份、化铁炉渣粉1份、铁合金渣粉1份、改性树木灰烬粉0.8份、石墨粉0.6份、环氧硬酯酸丁酯0.6份、硅油0.4份、甲基纤维素0.6份、硬脂酸铝0.3份、聚乙二醇0.4份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺0.2份、硬酯酸0.5份、碳素纤维0.4份、玻璃纤维0.3份、氮化硼0.2份、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.1份、二氧化硅0.05份、硫化锰0.03份、丙烯酸酯0.01份、抑制剂0.02份、粘结剂0.06份、强化剂0.04份、切削剂0.08份、润滑剂0.12份、偶联剂0.1份、分散剂0.1份;
所述的粉末原料中各种金属粉末的粒径为200-400目;
所述改性树木灰烬粉通过以下方法制备而成:将树木灰烬先用28%的硫酸浸泡25min,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,再用去离子水冲洗去杂,再和NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂混合,所述NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为树木灰烬重量的1.2%,以喷雾形式加入高速混料机中,搅拌16min后出料,烘干、粉碎过500目筛子,制得改性树木灰烬粉;
所述环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为增粘剂;
所述二氧化硅为抗磨剂;
所述硫化锰为加工助剂;
所述丙烯酸酯为调节剂;
所述抑制剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:碳化钨12份、碳化铌10份、碳化钽10份、氮化钨8份、碳化钛10份、硫化钼6份、氟化铈5份、碳8份;
所述粘结剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:铝化镍9份、三铝化钛8份、氮化铝6份、锌5份;
所述强化剂为701粉强化剂;
所述切削剂以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:切削油12份、磷酸三丙酯8份、二壬基萘磺酸钙4份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚5份、十二烯基丁二酸5份、三乙醇胺硼酸酯8份、聚丙烯酰胺6份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠7份、苯甲酸5份、油酸酰胺3份、乙二胺四乙酸四钠2份、氨基羧酸类螯合剂1份、聚乙二醇7份;所述切削剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将切削油、磷酸三丙酯、二壬基萘磺酸钙、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、十二烯基丁二酸、三乙醇胺硼酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、苯甲酸混合均匀,然后将混合物加热至52℃;
步骤2,在步骤1所得混合物中加入剩余组分,继续加热至76℃,并保温3.5h,制得切削剂;
所述润滑剂,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:聚乙烯基异丁醚18份、氯化石蜡6份、氧化镁微粒4份、硬脂酸铝6份、羧酸酰胺8份、醋酸丁脂12份、硼酸6份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮7份、二甲基甲酰胺6份;所述润滑剂通过以下制备方法制得:
将润滑剂的原料组分加入到反应釜中于420℃反应19h,固化后然后采用对粒子具有切剪力的锥形磨作为机械分散设备,进行研磨分散,制得润滑剂;
所述偶联剂为环氧硅烷类偶联剂;
所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺;
所述新型粉末冶金齿轮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、石墨粉、聚乙二醇、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维加入到搅拌机中,在转速为100r/min下搅拌14min,制得混合物A;
S2:将环氧硬酯酸丁酯、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、氮化硼加入搅拌机中在转速为200r/min下搅拌16min,制得混合物B;
S3:将步骤S1制得的混合物A、步骤S2制得的混合物B、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、硅油、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯类调节剂、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂加入到搅拌机中,在温度为200℃,转速为300r/min下搅拌4h,制得混合物C;
S4:将步骤S3制得的混合物C放入压机,由压机将所述混合物C送入预设的产品模具中,并在压力为560MPa下压制成生坯件;
S5:将步骤S4制得的生坯件放在烧结炉中,在氢气和氮气混合气体的保护气氛中,先在680℃下,预烧结50min,其中氢气与氮气的体积比为1.8:98.2,然后按以下升温和温度进行烧结:
1)以升温速率18℃/ min,从680℃升温至900℃,并保温12 min;
2)以升温速率23℃/ min,从900℃升温至1050℃,并保温16min;
3)以升温速率12℃/ min,从1050℃升温至1200℃,并在此温度下烧结150min,制得工件;
S6:将步骤S5制得的工件进行淬火,淬火温度为810℃,淬火时间为50min,然后以升温速率8℃/ min升温至920℃,保温80min,再进行回火,回火温度为220℃,回火保温时间为85min,制得低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S7:将步骤S6制得的低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮在渗碳炉中,在气态的渗碳介质中加热到820℃,保温6h,接着冷却至125℃,保温7h,再接着冷却到室温,制得渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S8:将步骤S7制得的渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮送入蒸汽炉内,进行蒸汽处理,蒸汽温度为720℃,保温2.8h,然后在170℃下保温4h,最后自然冷却到室温,制得新型粉末冶金齿轮产品。
实施例3
一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:铁粉850份、铜粉6份、钼粉5份、钒粉5份、镍粉3份、钇粉3份、铝粉3份、镁粉2份、钴粉1.5份、铅粉1.8份、钢渣粉2.5份、化铁炉渣粉2份、铁合金渣粉2份、改性树木灰烬粉1.2份、石墨粉1.2份、环氧硬酯酸丁酯1份、硅油0.9份、甲基纤维素0.8份、硬脂酸铝1份、聚乙二醇0.8份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰0.2-0.4份、硬酯酸0.8份、碳素纤维0.7份、玻璃纤维0.5份、氮化硼0.3份、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.2份、二氧化硅0.1份、硫化锰0.05份、丙烯酸酯0.03份、抑制剂0.04份、粘结剂0.08份、强化剂0.08份、切削剂0.12份、润滑剂0.15份、偶联剂0.14份、分散剂0.12份;
所述的粉末原料中各种金属粉末的粒径为200-400目;
所述改性树木灰烬粉通过以下方法制备而成:将树木灰烬先用32%的硫酸浸泡20min,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,再用去离子水冲洗去杂,再和NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂混合,所述NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为树木灰烬重量的1.8%,以喷雾形式加入高速混料机中,搅拌18min后出料,烘干、粉碎过600目筛子,制得改性树木灰烬粉;
所述环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为增粘剂;
所述二氧化硅为抗磨剂;
所述硫化锰为加工助剂;
所述丙烯酸酯为调节剂;
所述抑制剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:碳化钨16份、碳化铌14份、碳化钽12份、氮化钨10份、碳化钛15份、硫化钼8份、氟化铈9份、碳15份;
所述粘结剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:铝化镍15份、三铝化钛14份、氮化铝12份、锌10份;
所述强化剂为701粉强化剂;
所述切削剂以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:切削油14份、磷酸三丙酯10份、二壬基萘磺酸钙6份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚9份、十二烯基丁二酸7份、三乙醇胺硼酸酯10份、聚丙烯酰胺10份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠9份、苯甲酸8份、油酸酰胺7份、乙二胺四乙酸四钠6份、氨基羧酸类螯合剂2份、聚乙二醇13份;所述切削剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,将切削油、磷酸三丙酯、二壬基萘磺酸钙、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚、十二烯基丁二酸、三乙醇胺硼酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、苯甲酸混合均匀,然后将混合物加热至58℃;
步骤2,在步骤1所得混合物中加入剩余组分,继续加热至92℃,并保温2.5h,制得切削剂;
所述润滑剂,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:聚乙烯基异丁醚38份、氯化石蜡12份、氧化镁微粒8份、硬脂酸铝19份、羧酸酰胺12份、醋酸丁脂14份、硼酸10份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮10份、二甲基甲酰胺9份;所述润滑剂通过以下制备方法制得:
将润滑剂的原料组分加入到反应釜中于480℃反应11h,固化后然后采用对粒子具有切剪力的锥形磨作为机械分散设备,进行研磨分散,制得润滑剂;
所述偶联剂为环氧硅烷类偶联剂;
所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺;
所述新型粉末冶金齿轮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、石墨粉、聚乙二醇、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维加入到搅拌机中,在转速为200r/min下搅拌10min,制得混合物A;
S2:将环氧硬酯酸丁酯、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、氮化硼加入搅拌机中在转速为300r/min下搅拌12min,制得混合物B;
S3:将步骤S1制得的混合物A、步骤S2制得的混合物B、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、硅油、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯类调节剂、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂加入到搅拌机中,在温度为280℃,转速为400r/min下搅拌2h,制得混合物C;
S4:将步骤S3制得的混合物C放入压机,由压机将所述混合物C送入预设的产品模具中,并在压力为620MPa下压制成生坯件;
S5:将步骤S4制得的生坯件放在烧结炉中,在氢气和氮气混合气体的保护气氛中,先在700℃下,预烧结45min,其中氢气与氮气的体积比为2.2:97.8,然后按以下升温和温度进行烧结:
1)以升温速率22℃/ min,从700℃升温至940℃,并保温8 min;
2)以升温速率27℃/ min,从940℃升温至1080℃,并保温14min;
3)以升温速率16℃/ min,从1080℃升温至1200℃,并在此温度下烧结145min,制得工件;
S6:将步骤S5制得的工件进行淬火,淬火温度为830℃,淬火时间为40min,然后以升温速率12℃/ min升温至930℃,保温70min,再进行回火,回火温度为230℃,回火保温时间为80min,制得低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S7:将步骤S6制得的低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮在渗碳炉中,在气态的渗碳介质中加热到860℃,保温5.5h,接着冷却至128℃,保温6h,再接着冷却到室温,制得渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S8:将步骤S7制得的渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮送入蒸汽炉内,进行蒸汽处理,蒸汽温度为740℃,保温2.5h,然后在185℃下保温3.5h,最后自然冷却到室温,制得新型粉末冶金齿轮产品。
对实施例1-3制得新型粉末冶金齿轮进行性能测试,结果如下表所示。
实施例 | 伸长率(%) | 断面收缩率(%) | 抗拉强度(MPa) | 屈服强度(MPa) | 硬度(HRC) | 材料利用率(%) | 致密度(%) |
1 | 18.41 | 54.09 | 867.32 | 568.07 | 122.33 | 92.72 | 92.36 |
2 | 17.98 | 51.31 | 828.97 | 543.04 | 109.56 | 92.14 | 91.72 |
3 | 18.58 | 56.72 | 897.52 | 589.51 | 134.16 | 93.12 | 92.89 |
从上表结果可以看出,本发明制得的新型粉末冶金齿轮具有良好的综合性能,其中伸长率达到了17.98%以上,断面收缩率达到了51.31%以上,抗拉强度达到了828.97MPa以上,屈服强度达到了543.04MPa 以上,硬度达到了109.56HRC 以上,材料利用率达到了92.14%以上,致密度达到了91.72%以上,可见本发明制得的新型粉末冶金齿轮整体密度均匀,致密度高,延伸率和断面收缩率大,耐磨性、强度和硬度较好,材料利用率高。
以上内容不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:铁粉282-850份、铜粉2-6份、钼粉2-5份、钒粉3-5份、镍粉1-3份、钇粉2-3份、铝粉2-3份、镁粉1-2份、钴粉1-1.5份、铅粉1-1.8份、钢渣粉1.5-2.5份、化铁炉渣粉1-2份、铁合金渣粉1-2份、改性树木灰烬粉0.8-1.2份、石墨粉0.6-1.2份、环氧硬酯酸丁酯0.6-1份、硅油0.4-0.9份、甲基纤维素0.6-0.8份、硬脂酸铝0.3-1份、聚乙二醇0.4-0.8份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺0.2-0.4份、硬酯酸0.5-0.8份、碳素纤维0.4-0.7份、玻璃纤维0.3-0.5份、氮化硼0.2-0.3份、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷0.1-0.2份、二氧化硅0.05-0.1份、硫化锰0.03-0.05份、丙烯酸酯0.01-0.03份、抑制剂0.02-0.04份、粘结剂0.06-0.08份、强化剂0.04-0.08份、切削剂0.08-0.12份、润滑剂0.12-0.15份、偶联剂0.1-0.14份、分散剂0.1-0.12份;
所述抑制剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:碳化钨12-16份、碳化铌10-14份、碳化钽10-12份、氮化钨8-10份、碳化钛10-15份、硫化钼6-8份、氟化铈5-9份、碳8-15份;
所述粘结剂,以重量份为单位,由以下原料制成:铝化镍9-15份、三铝化钛8-14份、氮化铝6-12份、锌5-10份;
所述新型粉末冶金齿轮的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将铁粉、铜粉、钼粉、钒粉、镍粉、钇粉、铝粉、镁粉、钴粉、铅粉、石墨粉、聚乙二醇、硬酯酸、碳素纤维、玻璃纤维加入到搅拌机中,在转速为100-200r/min下搅拌10-14min,制得混合物A;
S2:将环氧硬酯酸丁酯、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺、氮化硼加入搅拌机中在转速为200-300r/min下搅拌12-16min,制得混合物B;
S3:将步骤S1制得的混合物A、步骤S2制得的混合物B、钢渣粉、化铁炉渣粉、铁合金渣粉、改性树木灰烬粉、硅油、环氧丙氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、二氧化硅、硫化锰、丙烯酸酯、抑制剂、粘结剂、强化剂、切削剂、润滑剂、偶联剂、分散剂加入到搅拌机中,在温度为200-280℃,转速为300-400r/min下搅拌2-4h,制得混合物C;
S4:将步骤S3制得的混合物C放入压机,由压机将所述混合物C送入预设的产品模具中,并在压力为560-620MPa下压制成生坯件;
S5:将步骤S4制得的生坯件放在烧结炉中,在氢气和氮气混合气体的保护气氛中,先在680-700℃下,预烧结45-50min,其中氢气与氮气的体积比为1.8-2.2:97.8-98.2,然后按以下升温和温度进行烧结:
1)以升温速率18-22℃/ min,从680-700℃升温至900-940℃,并保温8-12 min;
2)以升温速率23-27℃/ min,从900-940℃升温至1050-1080℃,并保温14-16min;
3)以升温速率12-16℃/ min,从1050-1080℃升温至1180-1200℃,并在此温度下烧结145-150min,制得工件;
S6:将步骤S5制得的工件进行淬火,淬火温度为810-830℃,淬火时间为40-50min,然后以升温速率8-12℃/ min升温至920-930℃,保温70-80min,再进行回火,回火温度为220-230℃,回火保温时间为80-85min,制得低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S7:将步骤S6制得的低温回火后的新型粉末冶金齿轮在渗碳炉中,在气态的渗碳介质中加热到820-860℃,保温5.5-6h,接着冷却至125-128℃,保温6-7h,再接着冷却到室温,制得渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮;
S8:将步骤S7制得的渗碳后的新型粉末冶金齿轮送入蒸汽炉内,进行蒸汽处理,蒸汽温度为720-740℃,保温2.5-2.8h,然后在170-185℃下保温3.5-4h,最后自然冷却到室温,制得新型粉末冶金齿轮产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,所述改性树木灰烬粉通过以下方法制备而成:将树木灰烬先用28%-32%的硫酸浸泡20-25min,然后用氢氧化钠溶液中和,再用去离子水冲洗去杂,再和NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂混合,所述NDZ-311钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为树木灰烬重量的1.2%-1.8%,以喷雾形式加入高速混料机中,搅拌16-18min后出料,烘干、粉碎过500-600目筛子,制得改性树木灰烬粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,所述强化剂为701粉强化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,所述切削剂以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:切削油12-14份、磷酸三丙酯8-10份、二壬基萘磺酸钙4-6份、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚5-9份、十二烯基丁二酸5-7份、三乙醇胺硼酸酯8-10份、聚丙烯酰胺6-10份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠7-9份、苯甲酸5-8份、油酸酰胺3-7份、乙二胺四乙酸四钠2-6份、氨基羧酸类螯合剂1-2份、聚乙二醇7-13份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,所述润滑剂,以重量为单位,由以下原料制成:聚乙烯基异丁醚18-38份、氯化石蜡6-12份、氧化镁微粒4-8份、硬脂酸铝6-19份、羧酸酰胺8-12份、醋酸丁脂12-14份、硼酸6-10份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮7-10份、二甲基甲酰胺6-9份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,所述偶联剂为环氧硅烷类偶联剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型粉末冶金齿轮,其特征在于,所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺。
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