CN106033490A - A rock weathering degree extracting method based on the satellite remote sensing technology - Google Patents
A rock weathering degree extracting method based on the satellite remote sensing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106033490A CN106033490A CN201510107225.1A CN201510107225A CN106033490A CN 106033490 A CN106033490 A CN 106033490A CN 201510107225 A CN201510107225 A CN 201510107225A CN 106033490 A CN106033490 A CN 106033490A
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- rock weathering
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing geology and in particular relates to a rock weathering degree extracting method based on the satellite remote sensing technology. The method comprises the steps of determining the indexes of correlation of the rock weathering degree; analyzing the coupling relationship between the rock weathering degree and the formation lithology and slope grade; establishing a rock weathering degree characteristic curve; building a rock weathering degree characteristic model. The method solves the technical problems that conventional methods cannot extract the rock weathering degree accurately and rapidly, exploits the advantages of rapid and large-area information acquisition of remote sensing, can extract the rock weathering degree accurately and rapidly and can be applied to rock weathering degree division of mass data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to remote sensing geology technical field, be specifically related to a kind of rock based on satellite remote sensing technology
Rate of decay extracting method.
Background technology
Rock decay effect is to instigate rock mineral composition, configuration state and physico-mechanical properties etc. to become
Various effects comprehensive changed, it mainly includes the various influencing factors such as the sun, big gas and water and biology.
Air slaking are one of key factors affecting rock engineering character, accurately divide atmospheric disintegration of rocks degree and are
One important content of the design parameter of safety is provided for engineering design.The division of degree of rock weathering and work
Journey characteristic research, for the choosing of the engineering construction basal planes such as large-scale hydroelectric project, skyscraper, road and bridge
Select and the determination of Base foundation design arrangement and method for construction play key effect, to evaluate country rock stablize with
Slope project is the most significant.Mineral composition, the change of structure structure that rock decay is caused are right
Engineering activity is totally unfavorable, and the geology that caused, engineering project disaster get more and more, such as stablizing of building foundation,
The stable grade of side slope is all relevant with atmospheric disintegration of rocks.
At present domestic and international project geology bound pair in rock decay research mainly with field investigation and physical prospecting,
The surface process such as probing are main, for using engineering geology qualitative evaluation side the division of degree of rock weathering more
Method, comprehensively analyzes in terms of rock texture, rock color, mineralogical composition, catalase degree etc. and determines.
Also part experts and scholars are had to begin one's study the quantitative division of degree of rock weathering.
Remote sensing technology is the emerging comprehensive Detection Techniques grown up the sixties in 20th century, it
Concentrate the last word of the subjects such as space, electronics, optics, compunication and ground, extensively should
For fields such as military affairs, ocean, meteorology, earth resource generaI investigation, environmental monitorings, it it is new and high technology in the present age
An important component part.Along with the development of satellite remote sensing, remote sensing technology is also introduced into rock decay
In the research of degree, remote sensing technology is introduced rate of decay and divides, mainly in view of their space number
According to collection, operating capability and powerful spatial data analysis ability, as dividing that rate of decay divides
Analysis instrument, carrys out the process that accelerated weathering degree divides.Currently with satellite remote sensing date, rate of decay is ground
The method studied carefully mainly has two kinds: Spectral Characteristics Analysis method and visual interpretation method.
Specifically, existing rock decay research method is primarily present following defect:
(1) utilize human and material resources that surface process research rate of decay puts into, financial resources huge, its work
Efficiency is the lowest, it is difficult to meet the demand to rate of decay research under mass data background；Additionally, for
A lot of complicated geology regions, the highest vegetation-covered area, utilize surface process research rate of decay to be difficult to
Realize.
(2) the spectral signature research rate of decay utilizing rock is primarily present problems with: 1. vegetative coverage
Spend compared with rock exposure little (lack) area such as big, it is impossible to react the spectral signature of rock, make rock decay journey
The interpretation of degree is met difficulty；2. when spectrum different for jljl, same object different images, the air slaking precision that solution translates
It is decreased obviously, mistake even occurs；3. to micro-in " Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering " (GB50021-2001)
Air slaking to be described as rock matter fresh, color and luster is bright and new, accordingly, it is difficult to by spectral signature research mild wind.
(3) utilizing remote sensing visual interpretation interpretation rate of decay, not only time loss is relatively big, and is difficult to essence
Really divide degree of rock weathering.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are: prior art is difficult to extract rock wind accurately and rapidly
Change degree.
Technical scheme is as described below:
A kind of degree of rock weathering extracting method based on satellite remote sensing technology, comprises the following steps:
Step 1. determines degree of rock weathering index of correlation: determine that formation lithology and the gradient are for setting up rock wind
The index of correlation of change degree partitioning model；
Step 2. analyzes degree of rock weathering and formation lithology, the coupled relation of slope grade；
Step 3. builds degree of rock weathering characteristic curve: utilize satellite remote sensing date, in conjunction with ground observation
Geologic setting in study area is divided different geologic elements, and randomly selecting rate of decay respectively is full blast
Change, air slaking severely-weathered, weak and each N number of geologic element of mild wind；N number of for same rate of decay
Geologic element, the rock area adding up each slope grade accounts for the percentage ratio of this N number of geologic element gross area,
Draw the characteristic curve of this rate of decay rock；
Step 4. sets up degree of rock weathering characteristic model: according to degree of rock weathering feature described in step 3
Curve, sets up degree of rock weathering characteristic model.
Preferably: in step 2, the gradient is divided into I, II, III, IV, V Pyatyi, often
Secondary range of grade be followed successively by [0 °, 5 °), [5 °, 15 °), [15 °, 25 °), [25 °, 35 °), [35 °, 90 °].
Preferably: in step 3, N=100.
Preferably: in step 4, when the area percentage that slope grade is II is more than slope grade
When being the area percentage of III, it is judged that this degree of rock weathering is completely decomposed；Do not consider it is determined that be complete
The rock of air slaking, is the area percentage of IV when the area percentage that slope grade is II is more than slope grade
Time, it is judged that this degree of rock weathering is severely-weathered；Do not consider it is determined that be completely decomposed, severely-weathered rock
Stone, when the area percentage that slope grade is III is the area percentage of IV more than slope grade, it is judged that
This degree of rock weathering is weak air slaking；Residue atmospheric disintegration of rocks degree is judged as mild wind.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) a kind of based on satellite remote sensing technology the degree of rock weathering extracting method of the present invention, plays distant
Sense is quick, the advantage of large area acquisition information, it is possible to extract degree of rock weathering accurately and rapidly, can
Degree of rock weathering for mass data divides；
(2) a kind of based on satellite remote sensing technology the degree of rock weathering extracting method of the present invention, utilization is defended
Star remotely-sensed data divides the precision of degree of rock weathering, provides base for Rock And Soil grade classification and engineering construction
Plinth data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of based on satellite remote sensing technology the degree of rock weathering extracting method flow process of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the rock of a kind of based on satellite remote sensing technology the degree of rock weathering extracting method of the present invention
Rate of decay characteristic curve.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with the embodiment a kind of based on satellite remote sensing technology the rock decay journey to the present invention
Degree extracting method is described in detail.
A kind of based on satellite remote sensing technology the degree of rock weathering extracting method of the present invention, including following step
Rapid:
Step 1. determines degree of rock weathering index of correlation
Choose type testing district and carry out field exploration test, on existing Research foundation, analyze rock decay
Degree and the relation of the geological environment factor, will have the stratum of extremely strong indicative function to degree of rock weathering
The index such as lithology, the gradient is defined as alternative index, owing to remote sensing technology is in Lithology Discrimination and Slope-extraction side
Face is the most ripe, it is thus determined that formation lithology and the gradient are to set up degree of rock weathering partitioning model
Index of correlation.
Step 2. analyzes degree of rock weathering and formation lithology, the coupled relation of gradient classification
About formation lithology:
The weatherability difference of different rock types is because of the difference of lithology, the mineralogical composition of rock, grain
Footpath size, geological epoch etc. can affect the weatherability of rock.Generally, same lithology,
The easiest air slaking of rock that epoch are the most ancient；The rock in same epoch, formation hardness the highest grade, rock
Rate of decay is the lowest.
About gradient classification:
The gradient has great indicative function for degree of rock weathering, rock by freeze thawing, wind erosion,
After the weatherings such as Exposure to Sunlight, owing to by gravity, the outer power transportation such as washing away, ultimately form and compare
Stable geomorphic feature, can be judged protolith character by different geomorphic features.General feelings
Under condition, the shallower area of the gradient regional degree of rock weathering steeper than the gradient is big.Extract according to DEM
The gradient, in conjunction with " GBT15772-2008 Comprehensive Control of Soil Conservation planning general rule " gradient is divided into I,
II, III, IV, V Pyatyi, each range of grade be followed successively by ＜ 5 °, 5 °～15 °, 15 °～25 °, 25 °～
35 °, ＞ 35 °.
Step 3. builds degree of rock weathering characteristic curve
Whether accurate the interpretation of rock decay layer is is directly affected by Lithology Discrimination accuracy.On region
Lithology we can be directly obtained by methods such as remote Sensing Interpretation, field observation, sampling and testings.One district
The rock that on territory, outcrop area is bigger can represent region lithological characteristic.Utilize satellite remote sensing date, in conjunction with
Geologic setting in study area is divided into different geologic elements according to stratum, lithology by ground observation.
Tested by ground observation, on the basis of dividing geologic element body, add up each slope grade and rock
The relation of stone rate of decay, analyzes degree of rock weathering and gradient classification, the coupled relation of formation lithology,
Build gradient graded features curve.
There are not the non-air slaking of rock in the rock of field exposure, therefore, randomly selects completely decomposed, high wind respectively
Change, weak air slaking and each 100 geologic elements of mild windization, each in adding up the geologic element of same rate of decay
Level gradient area accounts for the percentage ratio of this geologic element body gross area.Gradient graded features curve is as shown in Figure 2.
Step 4. sets up degree of rock weathering characteristic model
By analyzing gradient graded features curve, set up following degree of rock weathering characteristic model:
(1) when the area percentage that slope grade is II is the area percentage of III more than slope grade,
Judge that this degree of rock weathering is completely decomposed；
(2) do not consider it is determined that be the rock of completely decomposed, when the area percentage that slope grade is II is big
When the area percentage that slope grade is IV, it is judged that this degree of rock weathering is severely-weathered；
(3) do not consider it is determined that be completely decomposed, severely-weathered rock, when slope grade is the area of III
When percentage ratio is the area percentage of IV more than slope grade, it is judged that this degree of rock weathering is weak air slaking；
(4) residue atmospheric disintegration of rocks degree is judged as mild wind.
Claims (4)
1. a degree of rock weathering extracting method based on satellite remote sensing technology, it is characterised in that: include
Following steps:
Step 1. determines degree of rock weathering index of correlation: determine that formation lithology and the gradient are for setting up rock wind
The index of correlation of change degree partitioning model；
Step 2. analyzes degree of rock weathering and formation lithology, the coupled relation of slope grade；
Step 3. builds degree of rock weathering characteristic curve: utilize satellite remote sensing date, in conjunction with ground observation
Geologic setting in study area is divided different geologic elements, and randomly selecting rate of decay respectively is full blast
Change, air slaking severely-weathered, weak and each N number of geologic element of mild wind；N number of for same rate of decay
Geologic element, the rock area adding up each slope grade accounts for the percentage ratio of this N number of geologic element gross area,
Draw the characteristic curve of this rate of decay rock；
Step 4. sets up degree of rock weathering characteristic model: according to degree of rock weathering feature described in step 3
Curve, sets up degree of rock weathering characteristic model.
Degree of rock weathering extracting method based on satellite remote sensing technology the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: in step 2, the gradient is divided into I, II, III, IV, V Pyatyi, each slope
Degree scope be followed successively by [0 °, 5 °), [5 °, 15 °), [15 °, 25 °), [25 °, 35 °), [35 °, 90 °].
Degree of rock weathering extraction side based on satellite remote sensing technology the most according to claim 1 and 2
Method, it is characterised in that: in step 3, N=100.
Degree of rock weathering extracting method based on satellite remote sensing technology the most according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that: in step 4, be III when the area percentage that slope grade is II is more than slope grade
During area percentage, it is judged that this degree of rock weathering is completely decomposed；Do not consider it is determined that be completely decomposed
Rock, when the area percentage that slope grade is II is the area percentage of IV more than slope grade, sentences
This degree of rock weathering disconnected is severely-weathered；Do not consider it is determined that be completely decomposed, severely-weathered rock, when
When slope grade is the area percentage that the area percentage of III is IV more than slope grade, it is judged that this rock
Rate of decay is weak air slaking；Residue atmospheric disintegration of rocks degree is judged as mild wind.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020050805A3 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-04-09 | Hacettepe Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ | A weathering classification device |
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| CN102651053A (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2012-08-29 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Evaluation method of debris flow disaster risk based on Bayesian network model |
| CN103605879A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-02-26 | 重庆大学 | Mountainous village and town construction land suitability assessment method based on geological disaster |
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| WO2020050805A3 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-04-09 | Hacettepe Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ | A weathering classification device |
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