CN106029910A - 对加工的生物样品储存及与之相关的改进 - Google Patents

对加工的生物样品储存及与之相关的改进 Download PDF

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CN106029910A
CN106029910A CN201580010716.2A CN201580010716A CN106029910A CN 106029910 A CN106029910 A CN 106029910A CN 201580010716 A CN201580010716 A CN 201580010716A CN 106029910 A CN106029910 A CN 106029910A
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N.莫兰
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种流体装置,其用于加工生物样品以提取包含在所述样品中的核酸和用于后续扩增所述提取的核酸,所述装置包含加工样品储存档案区10,其包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的吸附性固体基底14,所述基底允许所述提取和/或扩增核酸的一般性干燥且稳定的储存,例如用于经法医回收的生物样品的长期储存。

Description

对加工的生物样品储存及与之相关的改进
发明领域
本发明涉及在流体装置等内加工的样品的储存。
发明背景
WO2010091414描述了一种微流体装置,其可通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)从生物样品中生化扩增DNA,并将未在PCR中使用的一部分样品以液体形式储存在所谓的“样品档案室”中。在所述文件中,提出使用石蜡密封所述档案室以用于储存。
本发明人认识到,WO2010091414中描述的储存安排存在缺点,具体而言,在样品稳定性方面,并且在延长的储存期间可能需要低温,以及使用可能渗漏的液封。本发明人亦认识到,需要提供一种更稳健的储存装置,其允许根据需要将加工的生物样品在室温储存许多年,但低费用且非常可靠。所述改进的储存装置例如对于储存从犯罪现场经法医收集的加工样品应是理想的。
发明概述
根据第一方面,本发明提供一种流体装置,其用于加工生物样品以提取包含在所述样品中的核酸和用于后续扩增所述提取的核酸,所述装置包含加工样品储存档案区,所述档案区包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的吸附性固体基底,所述基底允许所述提取和/或扩增核酸的一般性干燥且稳定的储存。
在本文中,加工的生物样品为已经历某种化学或生化过程的样品,例如,如果样品最初为未加工的犯罪现场样品,则加工将包括所述样品的初期纯化和/或洗脱。加工亦将包括诸如PCR步骤等后续步骤。因此本发明的范围包括储存从生物样品中提取的核酸,所述生物样品例如经由纯化和/或洗脱加工步骤但未经历PCR,以及经提取和例如经由PCR扩增的核酸。
在本文中,核酸的扩增不限于PCR。用于扩增或者以其它方式复制获自生物样品的核酸的其它已知方法在本发明的范围之内。
根据第二方面,本发明进一步提供一种加工生物样品储存档案室,用于一般性干燥储存从加工的生物样品中提取的核酸,所述档案室包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的一般性干燥吸附性固体基底,所述基底允许所述提取和/或扩增核酸的一般性干燥且稳定的储存,使所述档案室适于可移除安装在根据第一方面的流体装置上。
根据第三方面,本发明提供操作生物样品加工流体装置的方法,以储存一部分所述加工的样品,所述方法包括任何合适顺序的以下步骤:i)在接收室接收生物样品;ii)初加工所述样品,例如通过纯化和洗脱所述样品中的核酸进行;iii)将一部分所述初加工的样品导向至用于一般性干燥储存提取自生物样品的核酸的样品储存档案室,所述档案室包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的一般性干燥吸附性固体基底;iv)任选取出所述储存档案室和任选将所述基底从所述档案室的剩余部分取出。
本发明通过权利要求进一步表征。
附图简述
本发明可以多种方式实施,所述方式的说明性实施方案在下文中参考附图阐述,其中:
图1显示安装至流体装置的根据本发明的样品档案室;
图2显示图1中所示样品档案室的另一个视图;
图3和4分别显示从所述流体装置中取出的样品档案室的俯视图和仰视图;
图5a、b和c显示所述样品档案室的侧视图;和
图6-13阐述使用前述附图中所示样品档案室的方法。
发明详述
参考图1,例如主要如在WO2010091414中公开的流体装置1,包含嵌入(house)装置1的可移除的塑料样品档案室10。装置1以透明示出以使得档案室10更清晰可见,尽管实际上其可能并不是这样。
档案室10位于流体装置1的内部,在此情况下所述流体装置1为DNA分析芯片组。通常提取和纯化包括使用二氧化硅连同离液剂和有机溶剂以洗脱核酸。在核酸的样品提取/纯化之后,将预定量的所述加工样品递送到扩增室用于PCR,以扩增任何提取的核酸。所述过程包括使用寡核苷酸序列的酶促反应及后续电泳。将剩余部分的样品沿流体通道12朝箭头B的方向递送到档案室10,在此使其吸附到固体纤维储存介质14上,在此情况下所述固体纤维储存介质14为可卸式嵌入档案室12的经处理的纤维素纸样基质,例如Whatman Inc.以商品名FTA®销售的纤维素纸样基质。所述档案室由塑料框11构成,其支持安装在框11周围的柔性弹性密封条16。密封条16可移除地使档案室10在所述装置上适当地(in place)固定并包含上下边缘15/17,其提供档案室10和装置1之间的液密真空密封。
另外参考图2,一旦完成在芯片组上的加工,便可将所述档案室从装置1取下。为了从装置1取下档案室10,可将工具插入凹槽(recess)19以将其撬出。与随后可能废弃的整个芯片组相比,相对小的档案室10更易于储存和操作。如有需要,可将目前储存在基底14上的加工样品从档案室10取出并使用标准分析技术用于下游加工,或者可将其储存用于将来使用,可能在许多年之后使用。所述样品档案室允许一般性干燥储存和回收从在所述装置上加工的样品中提取的纯化DNA样品。
在图2中,可见流体通道12的开口13,其通向上下边缘之间的档案室并将加工的样品递送到所述档案室。
参考图3,显示目前取出的档案室10的顶面。档案室10包含通过沿其周围的防拆封粘合剂22(如虚线所示)密封到框11的透明封盖组件20,由此所述封盖组件是否已从剩余档案室取出为显而易见的。粘合剂22亦延伸到密封条16上,由此有可能看到档案室10是否已从装置1取出。
参考图4,显示所述档案室的底面。所述档案室包含用于样品追踪目的的整合的RFID标签24,其匹配微流体芯片组1的识别(identification)。档案室10亦包含用于相同目的的条形码26。用于使用粘性标签、记号笔或其它记号来标记的区域28亦包含在内。
参考图5a,以示意图显示档案室10的侧视图。在图5b中,显示封盖组件20从档案室10的剩余部分部分地取出,在图5c中,显示朝箭头X方向取出基底14。
图6-13阐述用于与上述档案室一起使用的加工样品的方法。
图6:根据所述方法,将例如来自口腔拭子或血液样品的DNA样品储存在流体装置1的接收室2中用于加工,在此情况下所述流体装置1为微流体加工芯片组。所述样品在下游位置3纯化,在此情况下通过使所述DNA与膜结合并实施多个清洗步骤来进行。使纯化的DNA从膜上洗脱进入通道8。
图7:呈洗脱流体F形式的加工样品通过通道8朝箭头A的方向流动并随后流入PCR室4。
图8:PCR室4充满并在其狭口9处被扼制(chocked)。
图9:PCR室4的扼制促使进一步加工的样品流体F的流动朝箭头B的方向流入通道12,流向打开的阀5。
图10:流体F流过打开的阀5并在开口13处流入档案室10,此处其吸附到基底14上,在此情况下所述基底14为如上所述的FTA纸。
图11:关闭阀5以封闭档案室10。
图12:所述加工的样品F通过PCR进一步加工以扩增样品流体中的任何核酸,例如按照已知的热循环和酶促技术进行。
图13:所述进一步加工的样品流体F在出口9处流出PCR室4,用于更进一步加工,例如电泳分离。样品档案室10可保留在所述微流体装置中,或者如上所述将其取出。
尽管上文已描述和说明实施例方案,但对技术人员而言显而易见的是,在不背离本发明权利要求的范围的情况下,对所述实施方案的添加、删减和修改为可能的。例如,尽管本发明可施用于仅使用几毫升流体的微流体装置,以允许回收加工的样品而不是将过量的加工样品送去废弃,但任何流体装置均可利用本发明。如果用于微流体装置,则本发明将可用于法医学,具体而言用于犯罪现场样品,从而保存样品,在所述犯罪现场取样机会可能受限。如果样品未能完成初次分析,则其将允许对相同样品进行再调查,但其亦将给予对相同样品进行其它法医分析测试的选项,例如线粒体DNA、YSTR、SNP分析。事实上样品经初加工(例如纯化)将节省进行这些额外测试的时间和成本。
基底14的一个具体的实例以FTA®给出,其因其处理抑制DNA降解而被选择。在一个实施方案中,所述基底处理为湿涂稳定试剂,所述稳定试剂为弱碱和螯合剂、任选尿酸或尿酸盐以及任选阴离子表面活性剂的组合的形式。
优选的是,所述弱碱为pH约6-10、优选约pH 8-9.5的路易斯碱。
或者,所述弱碱为有机碱和无机碱,以及如果是无机碱,则任选包括碱金属碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、磷酸盐或硼酸盐(例如碳酸钠、碳酸锂或碳酸钾),如果是有机碱,则任选包括三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)、乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和甘氨酸以及有机酸的碱性盐(例如柠檬酸三钠)。
或者,所述弱碱为作为游离碱或作为诸如碳酸盐等盐存在的Tris。
优选所述螯合剂以相当于乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)或更好的亲和力与多价金属离子结合,并且优选为EDTA。
优选所述阴离子表面活性剂包含含有一个或多个阴离子基团的烃部分(脂肪烃或芳烃)。
优选所述阴离子表面活性剂为去污剂,例如十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和/或十二烷基肌氨酸钠(SLS)。
可使用其它稳定试剂,例如诸如离液盐等离液物质,如硫氰酸胍。
使用如上所述的稳定试剂处理基底14以使之能够实现数个功能:(i)在接触之后裂解完整的细胞材料,释放遗传物质,(ii)使利于将遗传物质固定到固体支持物上(很可能通过机械法和离液法的组合)的条件成为可能并允许所述条件,(iii)将所述固定的遗传物质维持在稳定状态,免受因降解、内切核酸酶活性、UV干扰和微生物攻击所致的破坏,和(iv)将所述遗传物质维持为结合支持物的分子,其在任何下游加工期间不从所述固体支持物上移除。对于技术接收人员(skilled addressee)而言显而易见的是,其它试剂混合物可执行上文所述的一种或多种功能。
有可能的是,当需要扩增的或以其它方式复制的DNA序列时,可在PCR扩增之后将所述加工的样品储存在所述档案室中。

Claims (9)

1.一种流体装置,其用于加工生物样品以提取包含在所述样品中的核酸和用于后续扩增所述提取的核酸,所述装置包含加工样品储存档案区,所述档案区包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的吸附性固体基底,所述基底允许所述提取和/或扩增核酸的一般性干燥且稳定的储存。
2.一种加工生物样品储存档案室,用于一般性干燥储存从加工的生物样品中提取的核酸,所述档案室包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的一般性干燥吸附性固体基底,所述基底允许所述提取和/或扩增核酸的一般性干燥且稳定的储存,使所述档案室适于可移除安装在权利要求1的流体装置上。
3.如在权利要求1中所要求的流体装置,或者如在权利要求2中所要求的样品储存档案室,其中所述稳定试剂或试剂混合物包含:弱碱和螯合剂,任选尿酸或尿酸盐,以及任选阴离子表面活性剂。
4.如在权利要求1中所要求的流体装置,或者如在权利要求2中所要求的样品储存档案室,其中所述稳定试剂或试剂混合物包括诸如离液盐等离液物质,例如硫氰酸胍。
5.如在权利要求2中所要求的样品储存档案室,其进一步包含塑料框和一般从周围安装在所述框上的弹性密封条,用于将所述框密封到所述装置并用于提供所述可移除安装。
6.如在权利要求5中所要求的样品储存档案室,其中所述基底位于所述框内,并且所述样品档案室进一步包含可移除封盖。
7.如在权利要求2-6中任一项所要求的样品储存档案室,其进一步包含鉴定工具,包括以下的一种或多种:RFID标签;条形码;和用于接受标记的区域。
8.一种操作生物样品加工流体装置的方法,以储存通过所述装置加工的一部分样品,所述方法包括任何合适顺序的以下步骤:
i)在接收室接收生物样品;
ii)初加工所述样品,例如通过纯化和洗脱所述样品中的核酸进行;
iii)将一部分所述初加工的样品导向用于一般性干燥储存提取自生物样品的核酸的样品储存档案室,所述档案室包含使用至少一种核酸稳定试剂或试剂混合物处理的一般性干燥吸附性固体基底;
iv)任选取出所述储存档案室和任选将所述基底从所述档案室的剩余部分取出。
9.一种流体装置、一种加工生物样品储存档案室或者一种操作生物样品加工流体装置的方法,其基本上如在本文中参考附图所述。
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