A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery preparing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the battery of a new generation's most competitiveness, is referred to as " the environmentally protective energy ", is to solve contemporary ring
The one preferred technique of border pollution problem and energy problem.In recent years, in high-energy battery field lithium ion battery achieved it is huge
Success, but consumer still it is expected that the higher battery of comprehensive performance emerges, and this is depended on to new electrode material and electrolyte
The research and development of system.
The electronic digitals such as smart mobile phone, tablet computer product requires the energy density of battery higher and higher at present so that
Commercial li-ion battery is difficult to meet the requirements.Following two modes can be passed through by promoting the energy density of battery:
1. selecting high power capacity and high-pressure solid positive and negative pole material;
2. improving the operating voltage of battery.
However in high-voltage battery, while positive electrode charging voltage improves, the oxygenolysis phenomenon of electrolyte
It can aggravate, so as to cause the deterioration of battery performance.In addition, high-voltage battery generally existing cathode metal ion in use
The phenomenon that dissolution, especially battery, the dissolution of cathode metal ion was further exacerbated by, and is led after prolonged high temperature storage
The holding capacity for sending a telegraph pond is relatively low.The factor of these problems is caused mainly to have:(1) oxygenolysis of electrolyte.Under high voltages,
The oxidation activity of positive electrode active materials is higher so that and its reactivity between electrolyte increases, in addition at high temperature, high voltage
Reaction between anode and electrolyte is further exacerbated by, and the oxidative degradation products of electrolyte is caused constantly to be deposited in positive electrode surface,
Positive electrode surface characteristic is deteriorated, the internal resistance of battery and thickness is caused constantly to increase.(2) digestion of metallic ion of positive active material
With reduction.On the one hand, at high temperature, the LiPF in electrolyte6It is easy to decompose, generates HF and PF5.Wherein HF can corrode anode,
The dissolution for leading to metal ion causes capacity to be lost in destroy cathode material structure;On the other hand, under high voltages, it is electrolysed
Liquid is easy to be aoxidized in anode, and the metal ion of positive active material is caused to be easy to be reduced and dissolve out in electrolyte, to
Cathode material structure is destroyed, capacitance loss is caused.Meanwhile dissolution easily propagates through SEI and reaches cathode to the metal ion of electrolyte
It obtains electronics and is reduced into metal simple-substance, to destroy the structure of SEI, cathode impedance is caused constantly to increase, battery is put certainly
Electricity aggravation, irreversible capacity increase, penalty.
Fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) has preferable since it is with higher decomposition voltage and inoxidizability
Film forming characteristics is commonly used in high-voltage lithium-ion battery electrolyte at present to ensure the cycle performance of high-voltage battery.But FEC
The additive of electrolyte as high-voltage battery, there is also more problems.Its hot properties is poor, is easy to decompose at high temperature
Free acid (HF) is generated, it is larger to be easy to cause battery thickness swelling and internal resistance growth after high temperature circulation;Simultaneously because it is in height
Lower decompose of temperature generates free acid, can be further exacerbated by the digestion of metallic ion of high-voltage anode, can further deteriorate high voltage lithium
Ion battery long-time high-temperature storage performance.
It is asked to solve flatulence of the lithium ion battery containing fluorinated ethylene carbonate additive during high temperature storage
Topic, application No. is the Chinese patents of CN201110157665 using in the electrolytic solution by adding organic dinitrile material (NC-
(CH2) n-CN, wherein n=2~4) and method.Although this method can improve the high temperature of lithium ion battery to a certain extent
Storage performance, but this method is subject to certain restrictions.Such as when requiring cycle performance further simultaneously with high-temperature storage performance
When raising, both results will appear contradiction.
United States Patent (USP) US 2008/0311481Al (Samsung SDI Co., Ltd) are open containing there are two ether/virtues of itrile group
Based compound improves inflatable of the battery under high voltage and hot conditions, improves high-temperature storage performance, battery performance need into
One step is improved.
In view of this, good while taking into account cycle and high-temperature behavior it is necessory to provide a kind of improvement high voltage stability inferior
Electrolyte method.
Invention content
For deficiency present in background above technology, the present invention provides a kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries, charge cutoff voltage are less than or equal to 4.5V more than 4.2V, including:Cathode, sun
The active material of pole, the partition board and nonaqueous electrolytic solution being placed between cathode and anode, cathode is lithium transition-metal oxide, anode
Active material be graphite, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes:Ethyoxyl shown in non-aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts and structural formula (1)
Methylene malononitrile, it is 0.1%~6% weight hundred that the content of the ethoxy methylene malononitrile, which presses the total weight of electrolyte,
Divide ratio,
Active material-lithium transition-metal oxide of cathode is LiNixCoyMnz L(1-x-y-z)O2, wherein L be Al, Sr,
One kind in Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, 0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1.
The active material of the cathode is cobalt acid lithium.
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution further includes fluorinated ethylene carbonate, and the content of the fluorinated ethylene carbonate presses non-aqueous solution electrolysis
The total weight of liquid is 1%~6% weight percent.
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution further includes 1,3- propane sultones, 1,3- propene sultones, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, sulfuric acid
One or more of vinyl acetate and sulfuric acid acrylic ester, and the mass percent of above-mentioned each additive in the electrolytic solution is respectively
It is 0.1~10%.
The lithium salts is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borates, double oxalic acid boric acid
One or more of lithium and imidodisulfuryl fluoride lithium salt.
Lithium salts is preferably the lithium hexafluoro phosphate of concentration 1.15mol/L in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
The non-aqueous organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, carbon
Diethyl phthalate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate,
One kind in propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, 6-caprolactone or two
Kind or more.
The advantage of the invention is that:
1, the present invention can effectively improve electrolyte using ethoxy methylene malononitrile and fluorinated ethylene carbonate combination
Cycle performance;The high-temperature storage characteristics of battery can be improved simultaneously.
2, the non-aqueous organic solvent in nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention is to contain cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate, ring-type
Carboxylate and the multicomponent solvent system of chain carboxylate mixing, improve cycle performance of battery.
Specific implementation mode
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated;But the scope of the present invention should not limit to
In the range of embodiment, any variation or change without departing from present subject matter can be understood by the person skilled in the art,
All within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1, the preparation method of the present embodiment high-voltage lithium ion batteries, it is positive and negative according to the Capacity design (1640mAh) of battery
Pole material capacity determines coated face density.Positive active material is purchased from Hunan China fir China fir high voltage cobalt acid lithium material;Negative electrode active material
Matter is purchased from Jiangxi purple great mansion science and technology.Its positive preparation process, cathode preparation process, electrolyte preparation process, diaphragm preparation process and
Battery assembling steps are described as follows;
It is described anode preparation process be:By 96.8:2.0:1.2 mass ratio mixing high-voltage anode active material cobalt acid
Lithium, conductive carbon black and binder polyvinylidene fluoride, are dispersed in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, obtain anode sizing agent, will be positive
Slurry is uniformly coated on the two sides of aluminium foil, by drying, calendering and vacuum drying, supersonic welder is used in combination to burn-on aluminum extraction
Positive plate is obtained after line, the thickness of pole plate is between 100-150 μm;
The cathode preparation process is:By 96:1:1.2:1.8 quality is than admixed graphite, conductive carbon black, binder butylbenzene
Rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose, dispersion in deionized water, obtain negative electrode slurry, negative electrode slurry are coated on to the two sides of copper foil
On, by drying, calendering and vacuum drying, it is used in combination supersonic welder to burn-on after nickel lead-out wire and obtains negative plate, the thickness of pole plate
Between 100-150 μm of degree;
The electrolyte preparation process is:By ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propyl propionate press matter
Amount is than being EC:PC:DEC:PP=25:15:40:20 are mixed, and the hexafluorophosphoric acid of a concentration of 1.15mol/L is added after mixing
The fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) of 3wt% ethoxy methylene malononitriles based on electrolyte total weight, 4wt% is added in lithium,
The 1,3- propane sultones of 4wt%.
The diaphragm preparation process is:Using three layers of polypropylene, polyethylene and polypropylene isolation film, thickness is 20 μm;
The preparation of lithium ion battery:Positive plate obtained, diaphragm, negative plate are folded in order, diaphragm is made to be in positive and negative
Among pole piece, winding obtains naked battery core;Naked battery core is placed in outer packing, after the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation is injected into drying
In battery, preparation (the model 454261PL- of lithium ion battery is completed in encapsulation, standing, chemical conversion, shaping, volume test
1640)。
1) normal-temperature circulating performance is tested:At 25 DEG C, the cobalt acid lithium battery after chemical conversion is charged to 1C constant current constant voltages
Then 4.45V uses 1C constant-current discharges to 3.0V.The conservation rate of the 300th circulation volume, meter are calculated after 300 cycles of charge/discharge
It is as follows to calculate formula:
300th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 300th cyclic discharge capacity/1st time cyclic discharge capacity) ×
100%;
2) high-temperature storage performance:Battery after chemical conversion is charged to 4.45V with 0.5C constant current constant voltages at normal temperatures, measures battery
Then original depth, initial discharge capacity store 4h at 85 DEG C, finally wait batteries to be cooled to room temperature and survey battery final thickness again,
Calculate cell thickness expansion rate;The holding capacity and recovery capacity that 3.0V measures battery are discharged to 0.5C later.Calculation formula
It is as follows:
Cell thickness expansion rate (%)=(final thickness-original depth)/original depth × 100%;
Battery capacity conservation rate (%)=holding capacity/initial capacity × 100%;
Capacity resuming rate (%)=recovery capacity/initial capacity × 100%.
2, embodiment 2~8
Embodiment 2~8 and comparative example 1~4, in addition to additive composition and content (being based on electrolyte total weight) press 1 institute of table
Show that addition is outer, it is other same as Example 1.Table 1 is each component content table and battery performance test knot of electrolysis additive
Fruit.
Embodiment 8 compares with comparative example 1~3 it is found that being free of ethoxy methylene malononitrile and fluoro ethylene carbonate simultaneously
The comparative example 1 of ester;Comparative example 2 without ethoxy methylene malononitrile;Comparative example 3 without fluorinated ethylene carbonate;Battery
It carries out the capacity retention ratio that normal temperature circulation the 300th is enclosed and is less than 40%;Battery inflatable is apparent after 85 DEG C of storages, and thickness swelling is higher than
50%, conservation rate and recovery rate are low;And combined simultaneously containing ethoxy methylene malononitrile and fluorinated ethylene carbonate additive
The capacity retention ratio that embodiment 8 the 300th is enclosed is 86.2%, and thickness swelling is less than 10% (8.9%), normal temperature circulation and high temperature
Storge quality is obviously improved compared to each comparative example.
Each embodiment is further advanced by be compared with comparative example 1-3, find containing ethoxy methylene malononitrile and
Fluorinated ethylene carbonate combines the cycle performance that can effectively improve high voltage cobalt acid lithium battery, after obviously can inhibiting high temperature storage
Inflatable, taken into account cycle and high-temperature behavior to a certain extent.
In conclusion the electrolyte of high-voltage lithium ion batteries provided by the invention contain ethoxy methylene malononitrile and
Fluorinated ethylene carbonate, can also further add succinonitrile, adiponitrile, 1,3- propane sultone, and sulfuric acid vinyl ester etc. is more
Kind additive optimum organization, promotes the cycle performance of high-voltage battery, while being effectively improved the high temperature storage of high-voltage battery
Can, reach the requirement of practical application.
It is illustrating for possible embodiments of the invention above, but the embodiment is not to limit the present invention's
The scope of the claims, all equivalence enforcements or change without departing from carried out by the technology of the present invention spirit are intended to be limited solely by the patent model of the present invention
Within enclosing.