CN106021342B - City space annual ring cartography and analysis method - Google Patents
City space annual ring cartography and analysis method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of city space annual ring cartography and analysis methods, comprising: city trivector information data is imported GIS-Geographic Information System, forms map base map module；The geographic information analysis of building distribution is carried out to the building in different building ages respectively, and the slice autocorrelation analysis of city space annual ring history is carried out on this basis, contour is converted to after overlay analysis result, city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model is established based on contour, constitutes city space analysis of annual rings information module；The figure layer that different attribute is established for the different objects of city space analysis of annual rings information and City Vector information carries out information data overlapping according to geographical coordinate, shows city space annual ring map.City space analysis of annual rings result is associated with by the present invention with geography information, is realized the ground physics and chemistry space representation of city space analysis of annual rings, efficiently can easily be produced thematic maps, can be widely used for the existing demand of city planning design engineering practice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cartography and analysis method, be more particularly to a kind of city space annual ring cartography and
Analysis method.
Background technique
City is how the main space form of human agrin in Rapid Urbanization Period holds urban future development side
The major issue that current China's urban development faces is had become to, prediction and control Urban Spatial Morphology.This is just needed from space
Objective law, urbanization process and the mechanism that form and historical succession angle generate city and develop carry out further investigation point
Analysis.City space annual ring is the further interpretation to Urban Spatial Morphology under historical angel, with Urban Spatial Morphology and layout
Spatial development enlargement rule closely related, that city shows history sectional slice feature, is similar to annual ring, passes through city space year
Wheel combines Urban Spatial Morphology to carry out coupling analysis, is fabricated to thematic maps based on GIS-Geographic Information System, can effectively disclose city
Annual ring this objective law in city space realizes the visual analyzing to city space annual ring.
Urban Spatial Morphology main research is mostly the Design of Interior Space in Cities and city formalness both at home and abroad at present, is compared
Information technology research On Urban Form Evolution and development trend are used less, it is in the majority with static state research based on the research of information technology, and
Compare shortage dynamically based on the research of time series, is especially also studied without the correlation analysis to city space annual ring, there are no bases
In the city space analysis of annual rings Cartographic Technique of GIS-Geographic Information System and invention.The present invention pays close attention to city space annual ring map for the first time
City space analysis of annual rings result is carried out visualization in conjunction with Urban Spatial Morphology trivector data and shown by production and analysis method
Show；The present invention is based on urban geography space coordinate systems, are a kind of map datum systems of large scale city all standing feature；This
Invention utilizes computer information technology, carries out Study on Urban Space Form achievement in the method that data analysis combines map denotation
It shares and to mark, realizes the visual analyzing of city space annual ring；Present invention combination cartography uses visual analysis method,
City space analysis of annual rings result is associated with spatial geographic information, realizes the ground physics and chemistry space exhibition of city space analysis of annual rings
Show, simplifies the complex software operating process of Urban Spatial Morphology analysis, efficiently can easily produce thematic maps；The present invention
The quantitative coupling analysis of Urban Spatial Morphology can be assisted, can be widely used for city planning design with precise positioning to city coordinate
The existing demand of engineering practice, and can analyze and make thematic maps for other industry data visualization and reference is provided.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of city space annual ring cartography and point
Urban Spatial Morphology information is mapped to map data base by different figure layers from city space history slice information by analysis method,
City space analysis of annual rings is carried out, analysis result is shown with visual map view.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that: a kind of city space annual ring cartography
And analysis method, comprising the following steps:
1) it establishes the map base map module of city space annual ring: city trivector information data is imported into geography information system
System, forms the base map module of city space annual ring map；The trivector information data includes at least road network, builds
Build profile, building storey, building age, land used profile and land used attribute；
2) city space analysis of annual rings information module is established；Building distribution is carried out to the building in different building ages respectively
Geographic information analysis, and the slice autocorrelation analysis of city space annual ring history is carried out on this basis, it is superimposed autocorrelation analysis
As a result contour i.e. city space annual ring is converted to afterwards, and city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model is established based on contour,
Constitute city space analysis of annual rings information module；
3) city space annual ring map display module is established: connection map base map module and annual ring information analysis module, needle
The map layer that the different objects of city space analysis of annual rings information and City Vector information are established with different attribute, according to geography
Coordinate carries out information data overlapping, shows city space annual ring map.
Further, trivector information data in city obtains or root from commercially available map vector data in step 1)
Extraction obtains after carrying out the simplified conversion with format according to the Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional data that satellite remote sensing map obtains.
Further, trivector letter in city is obtained from the Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional data that satellite remote sensing map obtains
The method of breath data specifically includes:
1.1) complete, accurate city all standing status land used polar plot is obtained according to practical mapping and satellite remote sensing map
Shape and related geographical spatial data；Vector graphics is carried out it is simplified with the conversion of format and the screening of information, establish with
The corresponding pel of required data type, obtains Urban Spatial Morphology trivector data；
1.2) all vector datas are switched into multi-section-line format, then from trivector data extract road network, water system,
Profile, building storey, building age, land used profile, land used attribute this seven kinds of basic datas are built, and establishes new figure layer, wherein
Road network, water system, building profile, land used profile figure layer are multi-section-line form, and building storey figure layer is to be labelled with number of plies value
Point form, building age figure layer be to be labelled with the point form of age attribute, land used attribute figure layer is to be labelled with Property Name
Point form.
Further, step 2) establishes city space analysis of annual rings information module, specifically:
2.1) new figure layer is individually extracted according to building age different attribute in GIS software, so that each
A new figure layer corresponding a kind of building age；
2.2) Kriging regression processing is carried out to the building point element in the new figure layer of each of step 2.1) respectively, generates table
Face raster data obtains the analysis result using the urban architecture age as the geographical distribution of element；
2.3) each new figure layer by the urban architecture age for the geographic information analysis result of element based on, it is poly- to carry out hot spot
Alanysis obtains the autocorrelation analysis result of city space annual ring；
2.4) the autocorrelation analysis result of each new figure layer is overlapped, obtains city space after being converted to contour
Analysis of annual rings result；
2.5) surface TIN is created by 3D analysis tool based on contour, obtains city space annual ring three dimensional analysis
Model constitutes city space analysis of annual rings information module.
Further, step 3) establishes city space annual ring map display module, specifically:
3.1) map display module is established based on GIS-Geographic Information System, by the map base map module of city space annual ring and city
Analysis of annual rings information module connection in city space realizes that data output and input display；
3.2) it proposes and establishes not belonging to for the different objects such as city space analysis of annual rings information and City Vector information
Property map layer, space analysis of annual rings result and City Vector information are imported, data overlapping is carried out according to geographical coordinate；It builds
Vertical figure layer includes two city space analysis of annual rings figure layer, Urban Spatial Morphology base map level-one figure layers, the city space year
Wheel analysis figure layer includes geographic information analysis, autocorrelation analysis, city space annual ring contour, city space annual ring three-dimensional point
Analyse four second level figure layers of model；The Urban Spatial Morphology base map figure layer includes road network, network of rivers system, builds profile and build, use
Four second level figure layers of ground profile；
3.3) on and off that figure layer is selectively carried out according to map content to be shown exports life after being superimposed different figure layers
At corresponding thematic maps.
Further, annual ring map display module in city space checks mode comprising two kinds of two and three dimensions, wherein two dimension
Map includes space annual ring geographic information analysis, three analysis of space annual ring autocorrelation, space annual ring contour second level figure layers
With Urban Spatial Morphology base map level-one figure layer；Three-dimensional map includes city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model second level figure layer.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the present invention pays close attention to city space annual ring cartography and analysis method for the first time, sweared in conjunction with Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional
It measures data and city space analysis of annual rings result is subjected to visualization display；
2. being a kind of map datum of large scale city all standing feature the present invention is based on urban geography space coordinate system
System；
3. the present invention utilizes computer information technology, combine the method for map denotation by Urban Spatial Morphology with data analysis
Research achievement share and to mark, realizes the visual analyzing of city space annual ring；
4. the present invention combines cartography to use visual analysis method, by city space analysis of annual rings result and spatially
Information association is managed, realizes the ground physics and chemistry space representation of city space analysis of annual rings, simplifies the complexity of Urban Spatial Morphology analysis
Software operating process efficiently can easily produce thematic maps；
5. the present invention can assist the quantitative coupling analysis of Urban Spatial Morphology with precise positioning to city coordinate, can be extensive
For the existing demand of city planning design engineering practice, and thematic maps can be analyzed and made for other industry data visualization and mention
For reference.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of city space annual ring cartography and analysis method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is based on the city space annual ring map base map schematic diagrames that certain city trivector information is established；
Fig. 3, which is certain city trivector data, is divided into five figure layer schematic diagrames by building age different attribute；
Fig. 4 is to analyze result schematic diagram by the geographical distribution of element of certain urban architecture age；
Fig. 5 is certain city space annual ring autocorrelation Overlaying analysis schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is certain city space annual ring contour plots analysis schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is certain city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model schematic.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is furture elucidated.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate
It the present invention rather than limits the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to of the invention each
The modification of kind equivalent form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of city space annual ring cartography disclosed by the embodiments of the present invention and analysis method, main to wrap
Include following steps:
1) the map base map module of city space annual ring is established based on city trivector information；
Data reduction is carried out to Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional data, establishes pel corresponding with required data type, is turned
It is changed to city trivector information data, GIS-Geographic Information System is imported, forms the base map module of city space annual ring map.
City trivector information data can also from manufactured map vector data in the market or to satellite remote sensing
The Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional data that figure obtains obtains after being handled.Processing side is carried out using from original map data in this example
Formula obtains, and key step includes:
1.1) complete, accurate city all standing status land used polar plot is obtained according to practical mapping and satellite remote sensing map
Shape and related geographical spatial data.The simplified conversion with format is carried out to the status vector graphics of city all standing, is completed
Screening to vector data information establishes pel corresponding with required data type, obtains Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional data,
With the storage of DWG format；
1.2) above-mentioned Urban Spatial Morphology DWG file is opened with AUTOCAD software, with format conversion command by all arrows
Amount data switch to multi-section-line format.Trivector data are extracted into road network again, water system, building profile, building storey, are built
Age, land used profile, land used attribute this seven kinds of basic datas are built, and establish new figure layer；Wherein road network, water system, building wheel
Wide, land used profile figure layer is multi-section-line form, and building storey figure layer is to be labelled with the point form of number of plies value, builds age figure layer
For the point form for being labelled with age attribute, it is respectively positioned on the geometric center position of building profile, land used attribute figure layer is to be labelled with category
The point form of property title；
1.3) it will simplify in step 1.2) and be stored with treated vector data DWG file with DXF format, importing
ArcGIS GIS-Geographic Information System constitutes the base map information module of production city space annual ring map, as shown in Figure 2.
2) city space analysis of annual rings information module is established；
On the basis of the geographic information analysis result of urban architecture age element, city space annual ring history slice is carried out
Autocorrelation is analyzed, and is converted to contour i.e. city space annual ring after overlay analysis result, city is established based on contour
Space annual ring three dimensional analysis model constitutes city space analysis of annual rings information module.Key step includes:
2.1) by the data information of the building point form comprising the building age in step 1.2) trivector data with DXF
ArcGIS software is imported after format storage.It is five grades that years division, which will be built, according to example city historical event, is respectively
Before nineteen fifty, after -1980 years nineteen fifties, -2000 years 1980, -2010 years 2000,2010 years.Further according to building year
New figure layer is individually extracted for different attribute, so that each new figure layer corresponding a kind of building age, figure layer title is to build year
Generation name；Display effect is as shown in Figure 3.
2.2) geographic information analysis of building distribution is carried out to the new figure layer of each of step 2.1) respectively.Specific practice are as follows:
It is executed in ArcToolbox using ArcGIS software Kriging order (Kriging regression algorithm), input point factor kind is set
Type is Feature set (factor kind), raw after carrying out Kriging regression processing to the building point element in a kind of figure layer of input
At surface grid data, the analysis result using the urban architecture age as the geographical distribution of element is obtained；
2.3) based on by the urban architecture age for the geographic information analysis result of element, oneself of city space annual ring is carried out
Correlation analysis.Specifically, Spatial Statistics Tools (spatial statistics tool) is selected to hold in ArcToolbox
Row hot spot clustering order (i.e. Getis-Ord Gi analysis), input element figure layer are the surface grid number that step 2.2) obtains
According to, select Kriging regression attribute for input element, other option system defaults, determine after obtain clustering surface grid
The autocorrelation that data, i.e. city space difference build the age analyzes result.
2.4) raster data by the autocorrelation analysis that five are built the age merges superposition, specifically,
Spatial Analyst Tools is selected in ArcToolbox, executes the Combine order in Local tool group, generates grid
The new figure layer of data.Stack result is converted into contour again, as shown in fig. 6, superimposed result color, which is more deeply felt, shows building year
In generation, is more early, while the space clustering degree built is higher.What contour was expressed is the aggregation extent of Building Spatial Distribution position,
As a result with uniformity with the distribution of building time, contour can intuitively show the case where city space-time increases, as the year of tree
Wheel is the same to enclose the case where developing from center to periphery one.Specifically, Spatial Analyst is selected in ArcToolbox
Tools executes Contour order, and the raster data to be inputted is selected in dialog box, sets contour interval, generates after determining contour
Line, that is, city space analysis of annual rings result；
2.5) it executes in 3D Analyst from element and creates the surface TIN, select contour figure layer, elevation source is set as
Contour field obtains city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model after determining the output surface TIN figure layer, constitutes city space
Analysis of annual rings information module.
3) city space annual ring map display module is established.
Map base map module and city annual ring information analysis module are connected, for city space analysis of annual rings information and city
The different objects of Vector Message establish the map layer of different attribute, carry out information data overlapping export ground according to geographical coordinate
Figure realizes the two and three dimensions visualization of city space analysis of annual rings map.Key step includes:
3.1) map display module is established based on ArcGIS GIS-Geographic Information System, by the map base map mould of city space annual ring
Block is connect with city space analysis of annual rings information module, realizes that data output and input display, map display module provides two dimension
Map is checked to be checked with three-dimensional map；
3.2) it proposes and establishes not belonging to for the different objects such as city space analysis of annual rings information and City Vector information
Property map layer, space analysis of annual rings result and City Vector information are imported by data input cell, sat according to geography
Mark carries out data overlapping.The figure layer of foundation includes two city space analysis of annual rings figure layer, Urban Spatial Morphology base map level-one figures
Layer.Wherein city space analysis of annual rings figure layer include geographic information analysis, autocorrelation analysis, city space annual ring contour,
City space four second level figure layers of annual ring three dimensional analysis model, data information are imported by city space analysis of annual rings information module,
Respectively correspond the analysis result that step 2.2), step 2.3), step 2.4) and step 2.5) obtain.Urban Spatial Morphology base map figure
Layer comprising road network, network of rivers system, build profile build, four second level figure layers of land used profile, data information is by city space annual ring
The base map information module of map imports；
3.3) on and off that figure layer is selectively carried out according to map content to be shown exports life after being superimposed different figure layers
At corresponding thematic maps.City space annual ring map display module includes two kinds of two and three dimensions and checks mode.Two-dimensional map
Include space annual ring geographic information analysis, the analysis of space annual ring autocorrelation, three second level figure layers of space annual ring contour and city
City's spatial shape base map level-one figure layer.Three-dimensional map includes city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model second level figure layer；
By choosing space annual ring geographic information analysis figure layer and Urban Spatial Morphology base map figure layer, drawing export generates city
City space annual ring geographic information analysis thematic maps, as shown in Figure 4；Figure layer and city are analyzed by choosing space annual ring autocorrelation
City's spatial shape base map figure layer, drawing export generate city space annual ring autocorrelation and analyze thematic maps, as shown in Figure 5；It is logical
It crosses and chooses space annual ring contour figure layer and Urban Spatial Morphology base map figure layer, drawing export generates city space annual ring contour
Thematic maps is analyzed, as shown in Figure 6；By choosing city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model figure layer, drawing export generates city
Space annual ring 3D map, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of city space annual ring cartography and analysis method, characterized in that the following steps are included:
1) it establishes the map base map module of city space annual ring: city trivector information data is imported into GIS-Geographic Information System,
Form the base map module of city space annual ring map；The trivector information data includes at least road network, building
Profile, building storey, building age, land used profile and land used attribute；
2) city space analysis of annual rings information module is established；The geography of building distribution is carried out to the building in different building ages respectively
Information analysis, and the slice autocorrelation analysis of city space annual ring history is carried out on this basis, it is superimposed autocorrelation analysis result
After be converted to contour i.e. city space annual ring, city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model is established based on contour, constitute
City space analysis of annual rings information module；The geography information point for carrying out building distribution to the building in different building ages respectively
Analysis, and the slice autocorrelation analysis of city space annual ring history is carried out on this basis, it specifically includes:
2.1) new figure layer is individually extracted according to building age different attribute in GIS software, so that each is new
Figure layer corresponding a kind of building age；
2.2) Kriging regression processing is carried out to the building point element in the new figure layer of each of step 2.1) respectively, generates surface grid
Lattice data obtain the analysis result using the urban architecture age as the geographical distribution of element；
2.3) each new figure layer by the urban architecture age for the geographic information analysis result of element based on, carry out hot spot cluster point
Analysis obtains the autocorrelation analysis result of city space annual ring；
3) city space annual ring map display module is established: connection map base map module and annual ring information analysis module, for city
The different objects of city space analysis of annual rings information and City Vector information establish the map layer of different attribute, according to geographical coordinate
Information data overlapping is carried out, shows city space annual ring map；The figure layer for the different attribute established includes city space annual ring
Two figure layer, Urban Spatial Morphology base map level-one figure layers are analyzed, the city space analysis of annual rings figure layer includes geography information point
Analysis, autocorrelation analysis, city space annual ring contour, city space four second level figure layers of annual ring three dimensional analysis model；It is described
Urban Spatial Morphology base map figure layer include road network, network of rivers system, build profile build, four second level figure layers of land used profile.
2. a kind of city space annual ring cartography according to claim 1 and analysis method, characterized in that in step 1)
The city that city trivector information data is obtained from commercially available map vector data or obtained according to satellite remote sensing map
Spatial shape three-dimensional data extracts acquisition after carrying out the simplified conversion with format.
3. a kind of city space annual ring cartography according to claim 2 and analysis method, characterized in that distant from satellite
The method that trivector information data in city is obtained in the Urban Spatial Morphology three-dimensional data that sense map obtains specifically includes:
1.1) according to practical mapping and satellite remote sensing map obtain complete, accurate city all standing status land used vector graphics and
Related geography spatial data；Vector graphics is carried out it is simplified with the conversion of format and the screening of information, establish with it is required
The corresponding pel of data type obtains Urban Spatial Morphology trivector data；
1.2) all vector datas are switched into multi-section-line format, then extracts road network, water system, building from trivector data
Profile, building storey, building age, land used profile, land used attribute this seven kinds of basic datas, and establish new figure layer, wherein road
Road network, water system, building profile, land used profile figure layer are multi-section-line form, and building storey figure layer is the point for being labelled with number of plies value
Form, building age figure layer is to be labelled with the point form of age attribute, and land used attribute figure layer is to be labelled with the dot of Property Name
Formula.
4. a kind of city space annual ring cartography according to claim 1 and analysis method, characterized in that step 2) is built
Vertical city space analysis of annual rings information module, specifically:
2.1) new figure layer is individually extracted according to building age different attribute in GIS software, so that each is new
Figure layer corresponding a kind of building age；
2.2) Kriging regression processing is carried out to the building point element in the new figure layer of each of step 2.1) respectively, generates surface grid
Lattice data obtain the analysis result using the urban architecture age as the geographical distribution of element；
2.3) each new figure layer by the urban architecture age for the geographic information analysis result of element based on, carry out hot spot cluster point
Analysis obtains the autocorrelation analysis result of city space annual ring；
2.4) the autocorrelation analysis result of each new figure layer is overlapped, obtains city space annual ring after being converted to contour
Analyze result；
2.5) surface TIN is created by 3D analysis tool based on contour, obtains city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model,
Constitute city space analysis of annual rings information module.
5. a kind of city space annual ring cartography according to claim 1 and analysis method, characterized in that step 3) is built
Vertical city space annual ring map display module, specifically:
3.1) map display module is established based on GIS-Geographic Information System, the map base map module of city space annual ring and city is empty
Between analysis of annual rings information module connect, realize data output and input display；
3.2) it proposes for the different objects of city space analysis of annual rings information and City Vector information and establishes different attribute
Map layer imports space analysis of annual rings result and City Vector information, carries out data overlapping according to geographical coordinate；It establishes
Figure layer includes two city space analysis of annual rings figure layer, Urban Spatial Morphology base map level-one figure layers, the city space annual ring point
Analysing figure layer includes geographic information analysis, autocorrelation analysis, city space annual ring contour, city space annual ring three dimensional analysis mould
Four second level figure layers of type；The Urban Spatial Morphology base map figure layer includes road network, network of rivers system, builds profile and build, use land wheel
Wide four second level figure layers；
3.3) on and off that figure layer is selectively carried out according to map content to be shown, export generates phase after being superimposed different figure layers
The thematic maps answered.
6. a kind of city space annual ring cartography according to claim 5 and analysis method, characterized in that city space
Annual ring map display module includes two kinds of two and three dimensions and checks mode, and wherein two-dimensional map includes space annual ring geography information point
Analysis, the analysis of space annual ring autocorrelation, three second level figure layers of space annual ring contour and Urban Spatial Morphology base map level-one figure layer；
Three-dimensional map includes city space annual ring three dimensional analysis model second level figure layer.
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| CN107862979B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-09-08 | 昆山爱上艺术品有限公司 | Map line drawing craft picture and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108764266A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-11-06 | 浙江华云信息科技有限公司 | Electricity consumption multi dimensional space clustering method based on Getis-Ord Gi* |
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| CN112000758B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-07-07 | 南京烽火星空通信发展有限公司 | Three-dimensional urban building construction method |
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