CN106018464B - A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment - Google Patents
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation methods based on equivalent model experiment, include the following steps：The dynamic mechanical of actual measurement explosive loading and hot Physical Parameters first, and maximum compression load and frrction load of the explosive loading suffered by Penetration are determined using numerical simulation；Secondly, design and the equivalent loading device of corresponding stimulus type, using reinforcing experimental method, observe response situation of the powder charge under the stimulation of different loads intensity, and the reliability of explosive loading penetration stability is calculated according to coefficient of intensification, it will be finally compared with the reliability that engineering test requires by the calculated powder charge penetration stability reliability of model experiment, judge whether it meets engineering test requirement.The present invention provides a kind of method for evaluating explosive loading penetration stability by model experiment, can reduce experimental cost, shortens research cycle, effectively supports the application and development of Penetrating Warhead.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder charge stability technical fields, are related to a kind of explosive loading stability evaluation method, more particularly to
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment.
Background technology
In war in recent years, Penetrating Warhead has become attack underground deep layer target or the important means of naval vessels.
During target of attack target, explosive loading needs to bear sufficiently complex and harsh ambient stress Penetrating Warhead, may
Key issues of causing explosive loading damage, structural intergrity to destroy even premature burst, to influence the safety in utilization of warhead
And fighting efficiency.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out explosive loading under the conditions of penetration stability evaluation, be penetration explosive loading type selecting and
Penertration resistance overloads high explosive design and provides foundation.
Currently, the method for explosive loading penetration stability evaluation mainly has a ball firing experiment, laboratory model experiment and
Numerical simulation.The method that ball firing experiment generally uses is using cannon or rocket sledge transmitting contracting than bullet or 1；1 live shell penetration
The advantages of target target, examines the penetration stability of explosive loading, this experiment is simple, intuitive, the disadvantage is that costly, the period
It is long, it is difficult to obtain related data, may be used in the case that research funding is more abundant.Numerical simulation can reduce experiment at
This, shortens the lead time, but often due to reasons such as fundamental performance parameter inaccuracy of explosive under Dynamic Loading so that meter
Result and actual conditions are calculated there are certain deviation, numerical simulation can only calculate explosive loading suffered ambient stress everywhere, cannot
Directly calculate response situation (burning, detonation, detonation) of the powder charge under the stress.Laboratory model experiment is by setting
Count simulated loading system, directly acquire explosive loading different stimulated effect under response parameter and response situation, and as
Foundation evaluates the penetration stability of explosive loading, and research cost is relatively low, can carry out a large amount of explorative experiments, is suitable for project opinion
Card, scheme, engineering development and each stage of sizing.
Shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art are：(1) force environment and warhead of explosive loading during laboratory model is tested
The force environment of Penetration explosive loading does not have equivalence；(2) ball firing experimental evaluation method research cost height, period
Long, dynamic response parameter is difficult to obtain.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is using laboratory equivalent simulation loading system as experimental vehicle, provide one kind and passing through model experiment
The method for evaluating explosive loading penetration stability.On the basis of measuring explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters,
Maximum compression load and frrction load suffered by explosive loading Penetration are determined by numerical simulation, using corresponding equivalent
Loading device, using experimental method is strengthened, examination explosive loading is calculated to the tolerance that accordingly stimulates, and according to coefficient of intensification
The reliability of explosive loading penetration stability will finally pass through the calculated explosive loading penetration stability reliability of model experiment
The reliability required with engineering test is compared, and judges whether it meets engineering test requirement.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technical solution：
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment, in the method experiment used fill
It is set to equivalent loading device, the equivalent loading device is by frrction load analogue experiment installation and compressive load analogue experiment installation
Composition.
Frrction load analogue experiment installation include end cap, force-transmitting pole, friction cylinder, sample, analog drug, foil gauge, sleeve and
Pedestal, wherein end cap is mounted on one end of force-transmitting pole, and the other end of force-transmitting pole is embedded in the inner cavity of friction cylinder, in friction cylinder
It is also equipped with sample in inner cavity, analog drug is provided in the cavity of sample both sides；The foil gauge is symmetricly set on friction cylinder
Outer wall on, the one end of friction cylinder far from end cap be mounted on sleeve in, sleeve far from end cap one end installation in the base.
Compressive load analogue experiment installation include above hit column, mould cylinder, sample, cushion pad, under hit column and sensor, sample peace
Loaded in mould cylinder, sample both ends be separately installed with hit column and under hit column, it is upper hit column, under hit between column and sample be equipped with it is slow
Punching pad, sensor are installed on down the other end for hitting column.
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters obtain
The experimental provision of explosive loading dynamic mechanical is split hopkinson press bar, and basic principle is：By explosive
Powder charge test specimen is placed between two compression bars, is generated acceleration pulse by accelerating impact bar, is loaded to sample.Simultaneously using viscous
The foil gauge being attached on compression bar carrys out recording pulse signal.Incidence wave ε measured by resistance strain gage on compression bari, back wave εr
With transmitted wave εt, and combine the longitudinal elastic wave velocity of wave c, the initial length l of sample in guide rod0, elastic modulus E, the compression bar of compression bar are cut
Face A and specimen cross section A0, the dynamic mechanical parameter of explosive loading can be calculated using formula (1)~(3), including answer
VariabilityStrain stress and stress σ.
The thermal physical property parameter of explosive loading includes mainly specific heat capacity, linear expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity, is respectively referred to
Method 405.1, method 408.2 and method 409.2 in GJB772A-97 are tested.
Step 2：Determine maximum compression load and the frrction load suffered by explosive loading Penetration
Using business software LS-DYNA, the simulation model of warhead penetration target is established, and substitutes into step 1 acquisition
Explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters, calculate explosive loading big compressive load suffered in Penetration and
Frrction load.
Step 3：Equivalent reinforcing model experiment
According to the result of calculation of step 2, " friction horsepower density is equivalent " principle is respectively adopted in frrction load and compressive load
" stress rate is equivalent " principle chooses different model experiment coefficient of intensification (i.e. integral multiples using corresponding equivalent loading device
Increase numerical simulation result of calculation), response situation of the observation explosive loading in different coefficient of intensification.
Step 4：Explosive loading penetration stability reliability calculating
Response situation based on the coefficient of intensification and explosive loading chosen in equivalent reinforcing model experiment calculates explosive loading
The reliability of penetration stability.
Explosive loading penetration stability reliability can be analyzed and be calculated with Stress-Strength Interference Model.Equivalent reinforcing
The compression and frrction load that explosive loading is subject to are increased in experiment, explosive loading stability reliability strengthens experimental model and sees figure
1, curve 1 is compression/frrction load probability density curve under equivalent intensified condition, and curve 2 is explosive loading detonation threshold probability
Density curve.
Strengthen the reliability R of explosive loading penetration stability under experiment conditionL、NFor：
In formula, μsThe mean value for threshold value of detonating for explosive loading, csThe coefficient of variation for threshold value of detonating for explosive loading, μdFor etc.
Effect strengthens the mean value of compression/frrction load under experiment condition, cdFor the variation of compression/frrction load under equivalent reinforcing experiment condition
Coefficient, ηd=μs/μdFor the coefficient of intensification under equivalent reinforcing experiment condition.
Step 5：Explosive loading penetration stability is evaluated
In engineering test, after Penetrating Warhead penetration target, the stable reliability of explosive loading should be greater than 0.999, base
In the calculated explosive loading stability reliability R of step 4L、NIf its value is more than 0.999, it is determined as that explosive loading is stable,
Meet engineering test requirement, otherwise, is unsatisfactory for.
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment of the present invention, the technology effect brought
Fruit is embodied in the following aspects：
(1) " stress rate equivalence principle " and " friction horsepower density equivalence principle " is used, devises laboratory model experiment
Device, the force environment equivalent of the force environment of explosive loading and warhead Penetration explosive loading, energy in model experiment
It is enough really to reflect that explosive loading is rubbing and the response parameter and response situation under compressive load effect；
(2) explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method proposed by the present invention and the experiment of laboratory equivalent model match,
It can realize that the evaluation to explosive loading penetration stability is compared with ball firing experiment, research cost is low, the period is short, sexual valence
Than high.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that explosive loading penetration stability reliability strengthens experimental model.
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method schematic diagram based on equivalent model experiment described in Fig. 2 this patents.
Fig. 3 is frrction load analogue experiment installation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is compressive load analogue experiment installation schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the frrction load oscillogram measured in equivalent reinforcing model experiment.
Fig. 6 is the compressive load oscillogram measured in equivalent reinforcing model experiment.
Label in figure indicates respectively：11, end cap 12, force-transmitting pole 13, friction cylinder 14, sample, 15, analog drug 16,
Foil gauge 17, sleeve 18, pedestal, 19, on hit column, 20, mould cylinder, 21, sample, 22, cushion pad, 23, under hit column, 24, sensing
Device.
Specific implementation mode
Below by specific implementation mode, the present invention is further elaborated.
Such as Fig. 1-Fig. 4, a kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment, in the method
Experimental provision used is equivalent loading device 5, and the equivalent loading device 5 is carried by frrction load analogue experiment installation 6 and compression
Lotus analogue experiment installation 7 forms.
Frrction load analogue experiment installation 6 includes end cap 11, force-transmitting pole 12, friction cylinder 13, sample 14, analog drug 15, answers
Become piece 16, sleeve 17 and pedestal 18, wherein end cap 11 is mounted on one end of force-transmitting pole 12, and the other end insertion of force-transmitting pole 12 rubs
In the inner cavity for wiping cylinder 13, it is also equipped with sample 14 in the inner cavity of friction cylinder 13, simulation is provided in the cavity of 14 both sides of sample
Medicine 15；The foil gauge 16 is symmetricly set on the outer wall of friction cylinder 13, and the one end of friction cylinder 13 far from end cap 11 is mounted on
In sleeve 17, the one end of sleeve 17 far from end cap 11 is mounted in pedestal 18.When experiment, pass through the projectile impact end of high-speed motion
Lid 11 applies axial compressive stress to sample 14 by force-transmitting pole 12, and utilizes the control friction of the maximum range ability of force-transmitting pole 12
The stroke of load；Since the endoporus of sleeve 17 is reducing centre bore, fast ram acts on the analog drug 15 so that in friction cylinder 13
Circumferential expansion is generated with sample 14, its circumferential strain, foundation are measured by the foil gauge 16 being pasted on 3 side wall excircle of friction cylinder
Thick cylinder is theoretical, you can obtains suffered circumferential pressure in 14 friction process of sample.By circumferential pressure and speed, so it is available
Friction horsepower density.
Compressive load analogue experiment installation 7 include above hit column 19, mould cylinder 20, sample 21, cushion pad 22, under hit column 23 and pass
Sensor 24, sample 21 are installed in mould cylinder 20,21 both ends of sample be separately installed with hit column 19 and under hit column 23, hit column upper
19, it is hit under between column 23 and sample 21 and cushion pad 22 is installed, sensor 24 is installed on down the other end for hitting column 19.When experiment,
Logical sample 21 is installed in mould cylinder 20,21 both ends of sample be separately installed with hit column 19 and under hit column 23, it is upper hit column 19, under hit
Cushion pad 22 is installed between column 23 and sample 21.The sensor 24 of stress loading, which is installed on down, suffered by record explosive loading hits column
19 other end.In experiment, is realized to the Impulsive load of sample 21 by hitting column 19 on the projectile impact of high-speed motion, utilize biography
Sensor 24 records the stress wave in experimentation.
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment, includes the following steps：
Step 1：Explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters obtain
The experimental provision of explosive loading dynamic mechanical is split hopkinson press bar, and basic principle is：By explosive
Powder charge test specimen is placed between two compression bars, is generated acceleration pulse by accelerating impact bar, is loaded to sample.Simultaneously using viscous
The foil gauge being attached on compression bar carrys out recording pulse signal.Incidence wave ε measured by resistance strain gage on compression bari, back wave εr
With transmitted wave εt, and combine the longitudinal elastic wave velocity of wave c, the initial length l of sample in guide rod0, elastic modulus E, the compression bar of compression bar are cut
Face A and specimen cross section A0, the dynamic mechanical parameter of explosive loading can be calculated using formula (1)~(3), including answer
VariabilityStrain stress and stress σ.
The thermal physical property parameter of explosive loading includes mainly specific heat capacity, linear expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity, is respectively referred to
Method 405.1, method 408.2 and method 409.2 in GJB772A-97 are tested.
Step 2：Determine maximum compression load and the frrction load suffered by explosive loading Penetration
Using business software LS-DYNA, the simulation model of warhead penetration target is established, and substitutes into step 1 acquisition
Explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters, calculate explosive loading big compressive load suffered in Penetration and
Frrction load.
Step 3：Equivalent reinforcing model experiment
According to the result of calculation of step 2, " stress rate is equivalent " and " frictional work is respectively adopted in compressive load and frrction load
Rate density is equivalent " principle chooses different model experiment coefficient of intensification (i.e. integral multiple using corresponding equivalent loading device
Increase numerical simulation result of calculation), response situation of the observation explosive loading in different coefficient of intensification.
Step 4：Explosive loading penetration stability reliability calculating
Response situation based on the coefficient of intensification and explosive loading chosen in equivalent reinforcing model experiment calculates explosive loading
The reliability of penetration stability.
Explosive loading penetration stability reliability can be analyzed and be calculated with Stress-Strength Interference Model.Equivalent reinforcing
The compression and frrction load that explosive loading is subject to are increased in experiment, explosive loading stability reliability strengthens experimental model and sees figure
1, curve 1 is compression/frrction load probability density curve under equivalent intensified condition, and curve 2 is explosive loading detonation threshold probability
Density curve.
Strengthen the reliability R of explosive loading penetration stability under experiment conditionL、NFor：
In formula, μsThe mean value for threshold value of detonating for explosive loading, csThe coefficient of variation for threshold value of detonating for explosive loading, μdFor etc.
Effect strengthens the mean value of compression/frrction load under experiment condition, cdFor the variation of compression/frrction load under equivalent reinforcing experiment condition
Coefficient, ηd=μs/μdFor the coefficient of intensification under equivalent reinforcing experiment condition.
Step 5：Explosive loading penetration stability is assessed
In engineering test, after Penetrating Warhead penetration target, the stable reliability of explosive loading should be greater than 0.999, base
In the calculated explosive loading stability reliability R of step 4L、NIf its value is more than 0.999, it is determined as that explosive loading is stable,
Meet engineering test requirement, otherwise, is unsatisfactory for.
It will be illustrated below by specific embodiment：
Embodiment 1：
The present embodiment is to load the warhead of high explosive with the armored concrete target of 6 meters thick of 900m/s speed penetration.
Step 1：Explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters obtain
Split hopkinson press bar is used to test explosive loading in strain rate as 3200s-1、3700s-1When with 4300
Dynamic mechanical parameter, stress is respectively 25.6MPa, 28MPa and 30MPa, and strain is respectively 1.9%, 2.4% and
2.8%.
According to method 405.1, method 408.2 and the method 409.2 in GJB772A-97 measure explosive loading specific heat capacity,
Linear expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity are respectively：1.327J/g/℃、9.1(10-5K-1) and 1.21W/ (mK).
Step 2：Determine maximum compression load and the frrction load suffered by explosive loading Penetration
Using business software LS-DYNA, it is mixed with 6 meters of thick reinforcing bars of 900m/s stroke speeds penetration to establish 500kg warheads
The simulation model of solidifying soil target, and the explosive loading dynamic mechanical of step 1 acquisition and hot Physical Parameters are substituted into, it calculates fried
The suffered compressive load and frrction load of medicine powder charge.Compressive load is characterized with stress, maximum stress 500MPa, on stress
It is about 80us to rise the time, i.e., stress rate is 6.25MPa/us, and load friction horsepower density characterization, peak value 9.5 are made in friction
×107w/m2。
Step 3：Equivalent reinforcing model experiment
Frrction load simulated experiment uses " friction horsepower density is equivalent " criterion, that is, strengthens explosive loading institute in model experiment
The friction horsepower density born is the integral multiple of suffered friction horsepower density in explosive loading Penetration.Using shown in Fig. 3
Frrction load analogue experiment installation selects coefficient of intensification for 2 and 3, that is, it is respectively 1.9 × 10 to load friction horsepower density8w/m2With
2.85×108w/m2, Fig. 5 is the frrction load oscillogram measured in equivalent reinforcing model experiment.The experimental results showed that two kinds strong
Under the conditions of change, explosive loading is not unburned quick-fried.
Compressive load model uses " stress rate is equivalent " criterion, that is, strengthens the stress that explosive loading is born in model experiment
Rate is the integral multiple of suffered stress rate in explosive loading Penetration.Using compressive load analogue experiment installation shown in Fig. 4, choosing
It is 2 and 3 to select coefficient of intensification, i.e. loading stress rate is respectively 12.5MPa/us and 18.75MPa/us, and Fig. 6 is equivalent reinforcing model
The impact compress load oscillogram measured in experiment.The experimental results showed that under two kinds of intensified conditions, explosive loading it is unburned not
It is quick-fried.
Step 4：Explosive loading penetration stability reliability calculating
For armored concrete target, c is generally takens=0.10, cd=0.08, coefficient of intensification can be calculated according to formula (4)
When being 2 times and 3 times, the reliability of explosive loading penetration stability is respectively 0.9996 and 0.9998.
Step 5：Explosive loading penetration stability is evaluated
Result of calculation based on step 4, warhead is with 900m/s stroke speeds penetration 6 under the conditions of two kinds of Intensive loadings
The stable reliability of explosive loading is all higher than 0.999 after the thick armored concrete target of rice, is judged as that explosive loading is stable, meets work
Journey test requirements document.The result and 1 that the evaluation method obtains:1 live shell engineering test result is consistent, and illustrate the evaluation method has
Effect property.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is to load the 500kg grade warheads of high explosive with the steel target of 700m/s speed penetration 30mm thickness, is fried
Medicine powder charge penetration stability evaluates equipment therefor and step with embodiment 1.
Explosive loading is 3000s in strain rate-1、3500s-1Dynamic mechanical parameter when with 4100, stress difference
For 28.6MPa, 35MPa and 41MPa, strain is respectively 1.9%, 1.8% and 1.6%.The specific heat capacity of explosive loading, line expansion system
Number and thermal conductivity are respectively：1.245J/g/℃、8.2(10-5K-1) and 0.77W/ (mK).
LS-DYNA result of calculations show that maximal compressed stress suffered by explosive loading is 800MPa, and the stress rise time is about
40us, i.e. stress rate are 20MPa/us, and maximum friction power density is 3.2 × 107w/m2。
Coefficient of intensification is selected to be tested for 2 and 3 reinforcing in equivalent reinforcing model test, the results showed that two kinds of intensified conditions
Under, explosive loading is not unburned quick-fried.
For steel plate target, c is generally takens=0.12, cd=0.10, it is 2 times that can calculate coefficient of intensification according to formula (4)
When with 3 times, the reliability of explosive loading penetration stability is respectively 0.9992 and 0.9995.I.e.：In two kinds of Intensive loading conditions
Lower warhead is all higher than 0.999 with the reliability that explosive loading after the steel target of 700m/s stroke speed penetration 30mm thickness is stabilized, and sentences
It is stable to be set to explosive loading, meets engineering test requirement.The result and 1 that the evaluation method obtains:1 live shell engineering test result phase
Symbol, illustrates the validity of the evaluation method.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment, experimental provision used in the method
For equivalent loading device (5), the equivalent loading device (5) is simulated by frrction load analogue experiment installation (6) and compressive load
Experimental provision (7) forms；Frrction load analogue experiment installation (6) includes end cap (11), force-transmitting pole (12), friction cylinder (13), sample
Product (14), analog drug (15), foil gauge (16), sleeve (17) and pedestal (18), wherein end cap (11) is mounted on force-transmitting pole (12)
One end, force-transmitting pole (12) the other end insertion friction cylinder (13) inner cavity in, be also equipped in the inner cavity of friction cylinder (13)
Sample (14) is provided with analog drug (15) in the cavity of sample (14) both sides；The foil gauge (16) is symmetricly set on friction
On the outer wall of cylinder (13), the one end of friction cylinder (13) far from end cap (11) is mounted in sleeve (17), and sleeve (17) is far from end cap
(11) one end is mounted in pedestal (18)；Compressive load analogue experiment installation (7) includes above hitting column (19), mould cylinder (20), examination
Sample (21), cushion pad (22), under hit column (23) and sensor (24), sample (21) is installed in mould cylinder (20), sample (21) two
End be separately installed with hit column (19) and under hit column (23), it is upper hit column (19), under hit between column (23) and sample (21) and install
There are cushion pad (22), sensor (24) to be installed on down the other end for hitting column (19)；
A kind of explosive loading penetration stability evaluation method based on equivalent model experiment, which is characterized in that including such as
Lower step：
Step 1：Explosive loading dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters obtain
Explosive loading dynamic mechanical parameter is tested using split hopkinson press bar, and according to national military standard GJB772A-97
In method 405.1, method 408.2 and method 409.2 measure specific heat capacity, linear expansion coefficient and the thermal conductivity of explosive loading respectively
Three thermal physical property parameter values；
Step 2：Determine maximum compression load and the frrction load suffered by explosive loading Penetration
Using business software LS-DYNA, the simulation model of warhead penetration target is established, and substitutes into the explosive of step 1 acquisition
Powder charge dynamic mechanical and hot Physical Parameters calculate explosive loading big compressive load suffered in Penetration and friction
Load；
Step 3：Equivalent reinforcing model experiment
According to the result of calculation of step 2, frrction load and compressive load be respectively adopted " friction horsepower density is equivalent " principle and
" stress rate is equivalent " principle chooses different model experiment coefficient of intensification, observation explosive dress using corresponding equivalent loading device
Response situation of the medicine in different coefficient of intensification；
Step 4：Explosive loading penetration stability reliability calculating
It is dry using stress-intensity based on the response situation for the coefficient of intensification and explosive loading chosen in equivalent reinforcing model experiment
Model is related to carry out calculating explosive loading penetration stability reliability；
Strengthen the reliability R of explosive loading penetration stability under experiment conditionL、NFor：
In formula, μsThe mean value for threshold value of detonating for explosive loading, csThe coefficient of variation for threshold value of detonating for explosive loading, μdIt is equivalent strong
Change the mean value of compression/frrction load under experiment condition, cdFor the variation system of compression/frrction load under equivalent reinforcing experiment condition
Number, ηd=μs/μdFor the coefficient of intensification under equivalent reinforcing experiment condition；
Step 5：Explosive loading penetration stability is evaluated
The reliability required by the calculated explosive loading penetration stability reliability of model experiment and engineering test is carried out
It compares, if crossing the calculated explosive loading penetration stability reliability of model experiment is more than the reliability that engineering test requires,
Judge that it meets engineering test requirement, otherwise, is unsatisfactory for.
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| CN110530787B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2022-05-24 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Explosive stress testing device based on multiple pulse tests |
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| CN104237117B (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2017-02-15 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Grain friction test device under low-speed drop hammer impact loading |
| CN104266962B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-08-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Explosive clashes into friction safety performance testing device |
| CN204302102U (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-29 | 中国人民解放军军械工程学院 | Propellant powder determiner for compression strength |
| CN104535439B (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2017-02-22 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Double-pulse-load loading test device |
| CN105300875B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-04-20 | 西安近代化学研究所 | The continuous multiple-pulse load loading experimental apparatus of explosive loading |
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