CN106018244A - Multifunctional permeameter and method thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional permeameter and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106018244A CN106018244A CN201610651689.3A CN201610651689A CN106018244A CN 106018244 A CN106018244 A CN 106018244A CN 201610651689 A CN201610651689 A CN 201610651689A CN 106018244 A CN106018244 A CN 106018244A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 210000000867 larynx Anatomy 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 claims description 18
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000589 high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multifunctional permeameter and a method thereof, which belong to the technical field of geomechanics. The permeameter comprises a pressurization part, a control part, a support part, and an experiment enforcement part; wherein, the pressurization part is arranged on the upper end of the experiment enforcement part, the support portion is fixed with the experiment enforcement part through a hose clamp, and the control part is connected with the pressurization part and the experiment enforcement part. The multifunctional permeameter can easily realize transition of a constant head and a varying head; realizes substitution of air pressure to hydraulic pressure to reduce the experiment error; and conveniently researches the seepage path of the current in soil, the penetration characteristic under different pressure conditions, the penetration characteristics while transverse penetration and vertical penetration, and observes the microscopic change of the soil granules while penetration; the experiment result is conversed to an electric signal by a flowmeter and then the electric signal is sent to a computer, the result can be directly obtained, sp that the method is convenient and accurate; after the current flows out, the current is contained by a measuring cylinder, so that the result accuracy can be further guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock-soil mechanics technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Multifunctional permeameter and method.
Background technology
Liquid seepage flow in soil is phenomenon the most universal in nature and in industry；Seepage flow in soil can cause the soil body
Loosen, the most even can cause mud-rock flow；One of modal harm of mud-rock flow, is to rush in rural area, cities and towns, destroys room
Room, factory, enterprises and institutions and other place facilities；Mud-rock flow can directly bury station, railway, highway, destroy roadbed,
The facilities such as bridges and culverts, cause interruption of communication, the train being currently running, automobile also can be caused to overturn, cause great personal injury thing
Therefore；Sometimes mud-rock flow imports river course, causes river course significantly to change, indirectly damages highway, railway and other structures, even
Force road rerouting, cause huge economic loss；The existence of Tailings Dam of Mine also can relate to the infiltration of current in the industry, with
Increasing of dam body, the pressure of bottom is constantly increased, different seepage flow effects can be produced；The path of seepage flow and speed are to dam body
Stability all have a certain impact；Environment and the personal safety of surrounding can be caused great threat by dam break；So it is the most deep
Infiltration in the ground research soil body, can play positive role to the preventing and treating of the disasters such as mud-rock flow and tailing dam dam break.
Traditional permeameter function singleness, and need employing to be applicable to constant head and varying head for the soil body that infiltration coefficient is different
Different permeameteres, it is impossible to realize simple conversion；Existing permeameter inwall is smooth inner wall, can produce the tightest during experiment
The boundary effect of weight thus affect experimental result, experimental precision and actual have very big difference；When using more high-end assay device
Operation is complicated and requires higher to testing crew；Infiltration coefficient research the most generally can not be studied longitudinal seepage flow with horizontal by forefathers
The relation of seepage flow, it is impossible to obtain current percolation path in the soil body, it is impossible to observe the slight change of the soil body.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of Multifunctional permeameter and method, normal, varying head to reach realization
Conversion, improves experiment convenience and the purpose of precision.
A kind of Multifunctional permeameter, including pressurization part, control part, holder part and experiment implementation section；Wherein, pressurization
Part is arranged at experiment implementation section upper end, and holder part is fixed with experiment implementation section by larynx hoop, controls part and pressurization part
Divide and be connected with experiment implementation section；
Described pressurization part is divided and is included: oil pressure pump, pressure chamber, the first sealing lid, self-balancing piston, axial compression sensor and connection
Bar；
Wherein, oil pressure pump is arranged at the upper end of pressure chamber, and the delivery outlet of oil pressure pump connects inside pressure chamber；Described self-balancing is lived
Plug one end is arranged at inside pressure chamber, and the other end sequentially passes through the lower end and first of pressure chamber and seals lid, and this end lower end is provided with
Axial compression sensor；Described pressure chamber and first is sealed and is connected by connecting rod between lid；
Described experiment implementation section includes: inflator pump, supply flume, second seal lid, baroceptor, Sheng earth pillar body, soft
Matter rubber net, porous disc, safety glass form, flange, confined pressure sensor, pressure-measuring pipe, effusion meter, graduated cylinder, tongs and
Joint；
Wherein, described inflator pump is connected with supply flume by conduit, and described supply flume upper end is provided with the second sealing lid,
Second seals lid lower end is provided with baroceptor, and supply flume connects the upper end containing earth pillar body by conduit, contains earth pillar body by up to
Under be evenly arranged with multiple safety glass form；Contain soil inboard wall of cylinder and be provided with soft rubber net, at soft rubber net and Sheng earth pillar
It is provided with confined pressure sensor between internal wall, and confined pressure sensor is positioned at safety glass form lower end；Contain the upper end of soil column body
It is provided with porous disc, between porous disc and Sheng earth pillar body bottom, is provided with the measurement soil body；Contain top half and the lower half of earth pillar body
Part is provided with effusion meter by Flange joint, the lower end containing earth pillar body, and effusion meter is provided with tongs, and the lower end of effusion meter is put
It is equipped with graduated cylinder；The sidewall containing earth pillar body is provided with multiple pressure-measuring pipe, pressure-measuring pipe jointing；
The self-balancing piston of pressurization part and the porous disc upper surface testing implementation section are placed.
Described control part includes computer and controller, and wherein, controller is connected with computer, and the input of controller
The end respectively outfan of connecting shaft pressure sensor, the outfan of baroceptor and the outfan of confined pressure sensor, controller defeated
Go out end and connect input and the input of oil pressure pump of inflator pump.
Described holder part, including: the first support, the second support, the first fastener, the second fastener, the first tape spool straight-bar,
Second tape spool straight-bar, the first larynx hoop, the second larynx hoop and base；Wherein, described base is provided with the first support and the second support,
When longtitudinal dispersion, the first pedestal upper end connects one end of the first tape spool straight-bar by the first fastener, another of the first tape spool straight-bar
End connects the first larynx hoop, and the first pedestal lower end connects one end of the second tape spool straight-bar by the second fastener, the second tape spool straight-bar another
One end connects the second larynx hoop, and the first larynx hoop and the second larynx hoop horizontal positioned；When horizontal infiltration, the first support is by the first button
Part connects one end of the first tape spool straight-bar, and the other end of the first tape spool straight-bar connects the first larynx hoop, and the second support passes through the second fastener
Connecting one end of the second tape spool straight-bar, the other end of the second tape spool straight-bar connects the second larynx hoop, and the first larynx hoop and the second larynx hoop erect
Straight placement.
The experimental technique using Multifunctional permeameter to carry out, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, connection permeameter, check permeameter air-tightness；
Step 2, Sheng earth pillar body is installed in holder part, and is in longtitudinal dispersion state；
Step 3, add and measure the soil body containing layering in earth pillar body, record soil sample height and quality, input to computer；
Step 4, arranging porous disc measuring soil body upper end, seal the first sealing lid, now self-balancing piston is to measuring the soil body
Pressure；
Step 5, the sodium chloride solution that injection has configured at effusion meter make soil body complete wetting, close and stop on effusion meter after infiltration
Water presss from both sides；
Step 6, will in supply flume inject sodium chloride solution, seal second sealing lid, open tongs；
Step 7, when supply flume water level decreasing, pressure transducer spread out of the signal of telecommunication to controller start inflator pump be that supply flume fills
Gas, maintains air pressure in supply flume constant, after pressure-measuring pipe stable level, records piezometric level, it is thus achieved that the water between each pressure-measuring pipe
Potential difference value and water level meansigma methods, input to computer；
Step 8, water inlet water temperature and the output water temperature of effusion meter of measurement supply flume, average, input to computer；
Step 9, the stopping measurement when flow reaches to set numerical value in effusion meter, obtain infiltration coefficient according to Darcy's law；
Step 10, retract flange, take out and measure sample at soil body axle center, utilize HPLC-MS method to obtain sample current dust trajectory,
Electron microscope observation soil structures is used by safety glass form；
Step 11, startup controller make oil pump be that pressure chamber is oil-filled, and self-balancing piston stretch downward, to measuring soil body pressure, works as axle
When the force value of pressure sensor detection arrives setting value, stop pressure, use confined pressure numerical value input in confined pressure sensor collection cylinder
To computer, return and perform step 6；
Step 12, repeatedly execution step 6 are to step 11, it is thus achieved that corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures under longtitudinal dispersion state；
Step 13, adjusting pole part, making Sheng earth pillar body is horizontal infiltration state by longtitudinal dispersion state transformation, repeatedly performs step
Rapid 6 to step 11, it is thus achieved that corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures under horizontal infiltration state；
Step 14, matching obtain the relation between parameter.
Described in step 10 by safety glass form use electron microscope observation soil structures, including surface porosity, maximum
Pore diameter and minimum pore diameter.
Matching described in step 14 obtains the relation between parameter, including simulating infiltration coefficient and the relation of horizontal infiltration, infiltration
Coefficient and the relation of longtitudinal dispersion, infiltration coefficient and the relation of axial compressive force, infiltration coefficient and the relation of confined pressure, confined pressure and axial compression
Relation under horizontal infiltration, confined pressure and axial compression relation under longtitudinal dispersion.
The invention have the advantages that
1. the present invention often can realize more easily, the conversion of varying head；
2. present invention achieves and substitute hydraulic pressure with air pressure to reduce experimental error；
3. the present invention can study current percolation path in soil；
4. the present invention can study the characteristic of infiltration under the conditions of different pressures；
5. the present invention can study the Penetration Signature when horizontal infiltration and longtitudinal dispersion；
6. the micro-variations of grogs when the present invention can observe infiltration；
7. the experimental result of the present invention is converted into the signal of telecommunication by effusion meter and is sent to computer, can directly obtain after computer is programmed
As a result, convenient accurate；
8. the accuracy of result after current flow out under inventive flow meter, is may further ensure that by graduated cylinder access.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Multifunctional permeameter overall structure schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the pressurization part separation structure schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the experiment implementation section schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the holder part schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention；
Holder part and Sheng earth pillar body position relation schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is the horizontal infiltration of one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the experimental technique flow chart using Multifunctional permeameter to carry out of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings an embodiment of the present invention is described further.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as it is shown in figure 1, Multifunctional permeameter includes pressurize part II, control part IV, holder part
I and experiment implementation section III；Wherein, pressurization part II is connected by screw thread is fixing with experiment implementation section III upper end, cradle portion
Divide I to be fixed with experiment implementation section III by larynx hoop, control part IV and be connected with pressurization part II and experiment implementation section III；
In the embodiment of the present invention, as in figure 2 it is shown, described pressurization part II includes: oil pressure pump II-1, pressure chamber II-2, first close
Capping II-3, self-balancing piston I I-4, axial compression sensor II-5 and connecting rod II-6；Wherein, oil pressure pump II-1 is arranged at pressure
The upper end of room II-2, the delivery outlet of oil pressure pump II-1 connects inside pressure chamber II-2；Described self-balancing piston I I-4 one end sets
Being placed in inside pressure chamber II-2, the other end sequentially passes through the lower end and first of pressure chamber II-2 and seals lid II-3, and this end lower end sets
It is equipped with axial compression sensor II-5；Described pressure chamber II-2 and first is sealed and is connected by connecting rod II-6 between lid II-3；This
In inventive embodiments, oil pressure pump II-1 is that pressure chamber II-2 fills, subtracts oil to realize the up and down motion of self-balancing piston I I-4 and is
Soil body increase and decrease pressure, self-balancing piston I I-4 is arranged with axial compression sensor II-5 and reflects the axial compressive force applying the soil body；
In the embodiment of the present invention, as it is shown on figure 3, described experiment implementation section III includes: inflator pump III-1, supply flume III-3,
Second seals lid III-4, baroceptor III-5, Sheng earth pillar body III-16, soft rubber net III-7, porous disc III-8, tempering glass
Glass form III-9, flange III-11, confined pressure sensor III-10, pressure-measuring pipe III-12, effusion meter III-13, graduated cylinder III-14, sealing
Folder and joint III-15；Wherein, described inflator pump III-1 is connected with supply flume III-3 by conduit III-2, described water supply
Groove III-3 upper end is provided with the second sealing lid III-4, and second seals lid III-4 lower end is provided with baroceptor III-5, and second seals
Lid III-4 is provided with air bleeding valve III-6, supply flume III-3 and is connected the upper end containing earth pillar body III-16 by conduit, contains earth pillar body III-16
From top to bottom it is evenly arranged with multiple safety glass form III-9；Contain earth pillar body III-16 inwall and be provided with soft rubber net III-7,
It is provided with confined pressure sensor III-10, and confined pressure sensor III-10 between soft rubber net III-7 and Sheng earth pillar body III-16 inwall
It is positioned at safety glass form III-9 lower end；Contain the upper end within earth pillar body III-16 and be provided with porous disc III-8, at porous disc III-8
And contain and be provided with the measurement soil body between earth pillar body III-16 bottom；The top half containing earth pillar body III-16 passes through flange with the latter half
III-11 connects, and is provided with sealing gasket between flange III-11, and the lower end containing earth pillar body III-16 is provided with effusion meter III-13, stream
Gauge III-13 is provided with tongs, and the lower end of effusion meter III-13 is placed with graduated cylinder III-14, graduated cylinder III-14 and is used for access flowing water,
And then experimental result is verified；The sidewall containing earth pillar body III-16 is provided with multiple connection straight or the pressure measurement of crooked joint
Pipe III-12, pressure-measuring pipe III-12 connect three joint III-15；Seal the III-6 air bleeding valve on lid III-4 by second and open just realization
By the conversion of constant head to varying head；
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is 0.8cm that conduit III-2 is internal diameter, pressure-measuring pipe III-12 be internal diameter be 0.8cm clear glass
Pipe；Containing earth pillar body III-16 total length is 500mm, and safety glass form III-9 distance contains the distance of earth pillar body III-16 bottommost
Being respectively 50mm, 150mm, 350mm, 450mm, confined pressure sensor III-10 is arranged under each glass vision panel at 10mm, method
The distance that blue III-11 distance contains earth pillar body III-16 bottommost is 250mm, the distance between pressure-measuring pipe III-12 be 100mm and away from
Distance from bottom is respectively 200mm, 300mm, 400mm；Contain the soft rubber net III-7 matter in earth pillar body III-16 soft,
Can combine closely with grogs when containing soil, can prevent or reduce the generation of boundary effect, so that experimental data is more accurate；Pressurization
The self-balancing piston I I-4 lower end of part and the porous disc III-8 upper surface testing implementation section III are placed；
In the embodiment of the present invention, as it is shown in figure 1, described control part IV includes computer and controller, the embodiment of the present invention
In, controller uses PM554-R Programmable Logic Controller；Wherein, controller is connected with computer, and the input of controller
The outfan of connecting shaft pressure sensor II-5, the outfan of baroceptor III-5 and the outfan of confined pressure sensor III-10 respectively,
The outfan of controller connects input and the input of oil pressure pump II-1 of inflator pump III-1；
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 4, described holder part I, including: the first support I-1a, the second support I
-1b, the first fastener I-2a, the second fastener I-2b, the first tape spool straight-bar I-3a, the second tape spool straight-bar I-3b, the first larynx hoop
I-4a, the second larynx hoop I-4b and base I-5；Wherein, described base I-5 is provided with the first support I-1a and second
Frame I-1b, when longtitudinal dispersion, the first support I-1a upper end connects the first tape spool straight-bar I-3a by the first fastener I-2a
One end, the other end of the first tape spool straight-bar I-3a connects the first larynx hoop I-4a, the first support I-1a lower end by second button
Part I-2b connects one end of the second tape spool straight-bar I-3b, and the other end of the second tape spool straight-bar I-3b connects the second larynx hoop I-4b,
And first larynx hoop I-4a and the second larynx hoop I-4b horizontal positioned；
In the embodiment of the present invention, contain earth pillar body III-16 and fixed by the first larynx hoop I-4a and the second larynx hoop I-4b, and the first larynx hoop
I-4a and the second larynx hoop I-4b and the first tape spool straight-bar I-3a and the second tape spool straight-bar I-3b is connected junction can be around axially turning
Dynamic, straight-bar afterbody and stand steel pipe are connected by fastener and detachably, holder part I can by contain earth pillar body III-16 vertically fixing also
And be allowed to rotate to level by dismantling the second fastener I-2b rotation Sheng earth pillar body III-16, then the second fastener I-2b is fixed on
Second support I-1b, contains after earth pillar body III-16 laterally fixes and is connect by bending by joint III-15 joint at pressure-measuring pipe III-12
Head is changed to footpath straight joint；Holder part and the position relationship of Sheng earth pillar body III-16, the first support when Fig. 5 illustrates horizontal infiltration
I-1a connects one end of the first tape spool straight-bar I-3a by the first fastener I-2a, and the other end of the first tape spool straight-bar I-3a is even
Meeting the first larynx hoop I-4a, the second support I-1b connects one end of the second tape spool straight-bar I-3b by the second fastener I-2b, the
The other end of two tape spool straight-bar I-3b connects the second larynx hoop I-4b, and the first larynx hoop I-4a and the second larynx hoop I-4b is vertically put
Put.
In the embodiment of the present invention, use the experimental technique that carries out of Multifunctional permeameter, method flow diagram as shown in Figure 6, including with
Lower step:
Step 1, first each circuit, cable are correctly connected, check whether device each several part leaks gas and guarantee device air-tightness；
Step 2, Sheng earth pillar body is installed in holder part, and is in longtitudinal dispersion state；
Step 3, vertically being fixed on support by Sheng earth pillar body, in cylinder, layering adds the soil body and hits real the most about height and be
35～45cm, record soil sample height, quality, input computer；
Step 4, arranging porous disc measuring soil body upper end, seal the first sealing lid, now self-balancing piston is to measuring the soil body
Pressure；
Step 5, the sodium chloride solution that injection has configured at effusion meter make soil body complete wetting, close and stop on effusion meter after infiltration
Water presss from both sides；
In the embodiment of the present invention, experimental water be the sodium chloride solution of 10000mg/L for labelling current dust trajectory, and use
Sodium chloride will not produce pollution to environment；
Step 6, will in supply flume inject sodium chloride solution, seal second sealing lid, open tongs；
Step 7, when supply flume water level decreasing, pressure transducer spread out of the signal of telecommunication to controller start inflator pump be that supply flume fills
Gas, maintains air pressure in supply flume constant, after pressure-measuring pipe stable level, records piezometric level h1, h2, h3, it is thus achieved that respectively survey
Water level difference DELTA h1, Δ h2 and water level meansigma methods h between pressure pipe, inputs to computer；
In the embodiment of the present invention, carry out the mode of the water filling disposable to supply flume of employing during constant head test, when supply flume middle water level
During decline, air pressure reduces, and now baroceptor is experienced the change of air pressure and signal is passed to computer, and computer is to control
Device output signal control inflator pump make its start for supply flume inflate, when air pressure maintain with Primordial Qi pressure equal time baroceptor will biography
Going out signal makes inflator pump quit work.Its principle is: constant with pressure constant equivalent substitution head；
Step 8, water inlet water temperature and the output water temperature of effusion meter of measurement supply flume, average, input to computer；
Step 9, when in effusion meter flow reach set numerical value 200ml or 500ml time, stop measure, according to Darcy's law
Obtain infiltration coefficient；
Step 10, retract flange, take out and measure soil body axis diameter 3cm and locate sample, utilize HPLC-MS method acquisition sample current
Dust trajectory, uses electron microscope observation soil structures by safety glass form；Straight including surface porosity, maximum pore
Footpath and minimum pore diameter；
Step 11, startup controller make oil pump be that pressure chamber is oil-filled, and self-balancing piston stretch downward, to measuring soil body pressure, works as axle
When the force value of pressure sensor detection arrives setting value, stop pressure, use confined pressure numerical value input in confined pressure sensor collection cylinder
To computer, return and perform step 6；
Step 12, repeatedly execution step 6 are to step 11, it is thus achieved that corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures under longtitudinal dispersion state；
In the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging different pressures, obtain corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures, make experiment constitute comparison
Group, pressure is respectively 0KP, 1KP, 2KP, 3KP, 4KP, 5KP, 6KP, 7KP, 8KP, 9KP, 10KP；
Step 13, adjusting pole part I, making Sheng earth pillar body is horizontal infiltration state by longtitudinal dispersion state transformation, repeatedly performs
Step 6, to step 11, applies same equal pressure with transverse and longitudinal direction for control variable to the soil body with control variate method, it is thus achieved that horizontal infiltration
Corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures under state；
In the embodiment of the present invention, when measuring soil body longtitudinal dispersion coefficient, the first fastener I-2a, the second fastener I-2b are with first
Support I-1a is connected；When measuring horizontal infiltration coefficient, the second fastener I-2b is pulled down the upper rotating shaft of rotation simultaneously and makes cylinder level,
Again fastener I-2b fastener b is connected on I-1b support b；Test joint at III-12 pressure-measuring pipe after body laterally fixes
III-15 joint is changed to footpath straight joint by crooked joint；
Step 14, matching obtain the relation between parameter, including simulating infiltration coefficient and the relation of horizontal infiltration, infiltration coefficient
Relation, infiltration coefficient and the relation of axial compressive force, infiltration coefficient and the relation of confined pressure, confined pressure and axial compression with longtitudinal dispersion are at horizontal stroke
Relation under infiltration, confined pressure and axial compression relation, summary measurement soil structures and each relationship between variables under longtitudinal dispersion；
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is thus achieved that the most inversely, soil body osmotic coefficient has directivity for infiltration coefficient and axial compression and confined pressure,
Longtitudinal dispersion coefficient is more than horizontal infiltration coefficient.
Claims (6)
1. a Multifunctional permeameter, it is characterised in that include pressurization part, control part, holder part and experiment implementation
Point；Wherein, pressurization part sets up separately to be placed in tests implementation section upper end, and holder part is fixed with experiment implementation section by larynx hoop, control
System part is connected with pressurization part and experiment implementation section；
Described pressurization part is divided and is included: oil pressure pump, pressure chamber, the first sealing lid, self-balancing piston, axial compression sensor and connection
Bar；
Wherein, oil pressure pump is arranged at the upper end of pressure chamber, and the delivery outlet of oil pressure pump connects inside pressure chamber；Described self-balancing is lived
Plug one end is arranged at inside pressure chamber, and the other end sequentially passes through the lower end and first of pressure chamber and seals lid, and this end lower end is provided with
Axial compression sensor；Described pressure chamber and first is sealed and is connected by connecting rod between lid；
Described experiment implementation section includes: inflator pump, supply flume, second seal lid, baroceptor, Sheng earth pillar body, soft
Matter rubber net, porous disc, safety glass form, flange, confined pressure sensor, pressure-measuring pipe, effusion meter, graduated cylinder, tongs and
Joint；
Wherein, described inflator pump is connected with supply flume by conduit, and described supply flume upper end is provided with the second sealing lid,
Second seals lid lower end is provided with baroceptor, and supply flume connects the upper end containing earth pillar body by conduit, contains earth pillar body by up to
Under be evenly arranged with multiple safety glass form；Contain soil inboard wall of cylinder and be provided with soft rubber net, at soft rubber net and Sheng earth pillar
It is provided with confined pressure sensor between internal wall, and confined pressure sensor is positioned at safety glass form lower end；Contain the upper end of soil column body
It is provided with porous disc, between porous disc and Sheng earth pillar body bottom, is provided with the measurement soil body；Contain top half and the lower half of earth pillar body
Part is provided with effusion meter by Flange joint, the lower end containing earth pillar body, and effusion meter is provided with tongs, and the lower end of effusion meter is put
It is equipped with graduated cylinder；The sidewall containing earth pillar body is provided with multiple pressure-measuring pipe, pressure-measuring pipe jointing；
The self-balancing piston of pressurization part and the porous disc upper surface testing implementation section are placed.
Multifunctional permeameter the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described control part includes computer and control
Device, wherein, controller is connected with computer, and the input of the controller outfan of connecting shaft pressure sensor, air pressure respectively
The outfan of sensor and the outfan of confined pressure sensor, the outfan of controller connects the input of inflator pump and the defeated of oil pressure pump
Enter end.
Multifunctional permeameter the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described holder part, including: first
Frame, the second support, the first fastener, the second fastener, the first tape spool straight-bar, the second tape spool straight-bar, the first larynx hoop, the second larynx hoop
And base；Wherein, described base is provided with the first support and the second support, and when longtitudinal dispersion, the first pedestal upper end passes through
First fastener connects one end of the first tape spool straight-bar, and the other end of the first tape spool straight-bar connects the first larynx hoop, and the first pedestal lower end leads to
Crossing the second fastener and connect one end of the second tape spool straight-bar, the other end of the second tape spool straight-bar connects the second larynx hoop, and the first larynx hoop and
Second larynx hoop horizontal positioned；When horizontal infiltration, the first support connects one end of the first tape spool straight-bar by the first fastener, and first
The other end of tape spool straight-bar connects the first larynx hoop, and the second support connects one end of the second tape spool straight-bar, the second band by the second fastener
The other end of axle straight-bar connects the second larynx hoop, and the first larynx hoop and the second larynx hoop are vertically placed.
4. use the experimental technique that the Multifunctional permeameter described in claim 1 is carried out, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1, connection permeameter, check permeameter air-tightness；
Step 2, Sheng earth pillar body is installed in holder part, and is in longtitudinal dispersion state；
Step 3, add and measure the soil body containing layering in earth pillar body, record soil sample height and quality, input to computer；
Step 4, arranging porous disc measuring soil body upper end, seal the first sealing lid, now self-balancing piston is to measuring the soil body
Pressure；
Step 5, the sodium chloride solution that injection has configured at effusion meter make soil body complete wetting, close and stop on effusion meter after infiltration
Water presss from both sides；
Step 6, will in supply flume inject sodium chloride solution, seal second sealing lid, open tongs；
Step 7, when supply flume water level decreasing, pressure transducer spread out of the signal of telecommunication to controller start inflator pump be that supply flume fills
Gas, maintains air pressure in supply flume constant, after pressure-measuring pipe stable level, records piezometric level, it is thus achieved that the water between each pressure-measuring pipe
Potential difference value and water level meansigma methods, input to computer；
Step 8, water inlet water temperature and the output water temperature of effusion meter of measurement supply flume, average, input to computer；
Step 9, the stopping measurement when flow reaches to set numerical value in effusion meter, obtain infiltration coefficient according to Darcy's law；
Step 10, retract flange, take out and measure sample at soil body axle center, utilize HPLC-MS method to obtain sample current migration road
Footpath, uses electron microscope observation soil structures by safety glass form；
Step 11, startup controller make oil pump be that pressure chamber is oil-filled, and self-balancing piston stretch downward presses to measuring the soil body, when
When the force value of axial compression sensor detection arrives setting value, stopping pressure, in using confined pressure sensor collection cylinder, confined pressure numerical value is defeated
Enter to computer, return and perform step 6；
Step 12, repeatedly execution step 6 are to step 11, it is thus achieved that corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures under longtitudinal dispersion state；
Step 13, adjusting pole part, making Sheng earth pillar body is horizontal infiltration state by longtitudinal dispersion state transformation, repeatedly performs
Step 6 is to step 11, it is thus achieved that corresponding infiltration coefficient under different pressures under horizontal infiltration state；
Step 14, matching obtain the relation between parameter.
Experimental technique the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that being used by safety glass form described in step 10 is electric
Sub-microscope observes soil structures, including surface porosity, maximum pore diameter and minimum pore diameter.
Experimental technique the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the matching described in step 14 obtains the pass between parameter
System, including simulate infiltration coefficient and the relation of horizontal infiltration, infiltration coefficient and the relation of longtitudinal dispersion, infiltration coefficient with
The relation of axial compressive force, infiltration coefficient and the relation of confined pressure, confined pressure and axial compression relation under horizontal infiltration, confined pressure and axle
It is pressed in the relation under longtitudinal dispersion.
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