CN106017953B - A kind of test method and system for large and complex structure experimental study - Google Patents
A kind of test method and system for large and complex structure experimental study Download PDFInfo
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- CN106017953B CN106017953B CN201610231829.1A CN201610231829A CN106017953B CN 106017953 B CN106017953 B CN 106017953B CN 201610231829 A CN201610231829 A CN 201610231829A CN 106017953 B CN106017953 B CN 106017953B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods and system for large and complex structure experimental study, i.e., more physics test specimen responses are tested and predicted based on single physics test specimen, are suitable for the experiment of the fields large and complex structures such as building, machinery, aviation.This method classifies all components for needing to carry out physical test in experimental study object or component, using the very high component of the same or similar degree of performance or component as one group, one is chosen in every group of component or component to be tested as physics minor structure test specimen, the performance of other components or component carries out mathematical prediction by selected physics sub-structural test performance in the group, to improve structural test efficiency and accuracy.Method of the invention greatly reduces the requirement of experimental facilities and scale, provides large and complex structure experimental study easy test thinking and research method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test methods for large and complex structure experimental study to realize technology, belongs to structural experiment
Technical field.
Background technique
Substructure Testing technology is readily able to modeled segments and carries out numerical simulation, and remainder carries out physical test, do not mentioning
Larger sized model, even full scale test can be completed under the premise of high testing equipment hardware capabilities, model is tested for broadening
It encloses, reducing experimentation cost has far reaching significance.Extensive concern is obtained in the fields such as mechanical, space flight and building at present.In engineering structure
In experimental study application, component or component difficult to model often more than one in entire research system, it is necessary to multiple physics
Minor structure is tested simultaneously, this undoubtedly needs more loading equipemtns, is still difficult to realize in Routine Test Lab.For example, to build
For building structure experimental study, when frame structure is there are multiple dampers or supports, since structural framing is easy to model,
Using frame as numerical value minor structure, simulated in a computer；It regard n damper or support as n physics minor structure, and
Ensure to respond with original structure by interface transmission consistent as shown in Figure 1.So test can with the accuracy of guarantee test structure, but
For more, high-rise labyrinth, need to arrange that the position of damper or support is more, using it all as object in addition to frame
Minor structure is managed, the equipment such as multiple actuator and sensor auxiliary is needed, is taken considerable time and financial resource and material resource, and it is more to divide interface
It is unfavorable for overall calculation and test carries out, workload is huge in operation is easy to generate bigger error；Simultaneously because damper or branch
Support form is identical, and self power characteristic is similar, therefore how to be held by single damper or the physics sub-structural test of support
The performance of other all similar components or component, so that the identical component of performance or component only need a physical test,
This to further decrease experimentation cost, improve test accuracy be of great significance.
Summary of the invention
For the large and complex structures such as high level, bridge when carrying out sub-structural test, generally requiring will be more in civil engineering
A structure member or component need multiple loading equipemtns while being tested as physics minor structure.But these physics minor structures
Mechanical property it is often closely similar, such as the shock insulation in the similar damper installed in high-level structure or support, bridge structure
Pad or bridge pier etc..The present invention in order to overcome sub-structural test realize in need the progress physics minor structure examinations of multiple loading equipemtns simultaneously
The deficiency tested proposes a kind of sub-structural test method realization technology for large and complex structure test.This method will be tested
All components or component for needing to carry out physical test in research object are classified, very by the same or similar degree of mechanical property
High component or component is chosen one in every group of component or component and is tested as physics minor structure test specimen as one group,
The performance of other components or component carries out mathematical prediction by selected physics sub-structural test performance in the group, to reach
This group of component or component are carried out the purpose of physics sub-structural test by effect, reduce testing equipment quantity, reduction numerical value, object to reach
The purpose for managing Substructure Interfaces, to improve structural test efficiency and accuracy.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions:
Large and complex structure experimental study is carried out using sub-structural test method and needs to solve boundary condition simulation and physics knot
Structure tests two critical issues.It is relatively simple from stress when physics minor structure is divided in order to guarantee the accurate simulation of boundary condition
Single interface separates；In order to guarantee that the laboratory of multiple physics sub-structural tests is realized, according to performance characteristics to physics knot
After structure classification, chooses stress and deform maximum structural elements or component progress laboratory test, remained in similar component or component
The performance of excess reason minor structure is estimated according to laboratory results, replaces a collection of physics examination to reach a physics test specimen
The purpose of part.
It mainly comprises the steps that
Step 1 is readily able to the part of mathematical modeling according to institute's research structure itself mechanics feature as numerical value minor structure, surplus
Remaining part is allocated as physics minor structure, and according to parameters such as element type, material therefor, scantlings to required progress physics knot
The component of structure test or the hysteretic characteristic of component are estimated, according to hysteretic characteristic similarity degree to the structure of physics sub-structural test
Part or component are classified；
Step 2 according to basic mechanical principle or establishes overall structure suitable mathematical model and analyzes to obtain all kinds of physics knots
In structure test specimen stress and deformation it is maximum that, be chosen to be carry out laboratory test component；
Step 3, be directed to different types of physics minor structure test specimen loading characteristic, foundation can be used for online real-time estimation not into
The numerical prediction algorithm (such as common forward, regressive interpolation method) of the physics minor structure test specimen constitutive model of row test, so as to
Displacement, which is calculated, according to numerical value sub-structure model obtains the interfacial force that each different physics minor structures react on numerical value minor structure；
Step 4 establishes compensation loading equipemtn, sensor and true in conjunction with the characteristic of physics minor structure constitutive model estimation method
The control method that real test test specimen dynamic characteristics influences；
Step 5 is set according to the suitable hardware and software of the requirement of sensor, loading equipemtn and algorithm computational efficiency selection
It is standby, realize above-mentioned test.
The step 1 specifically: (1) research object is subjected to preliminary mechanical analysis, determines which is partially easy to establish number
Model is learned, which is partially difficult to set up mathematical model；(2) be readily able to founding mathematical models part establish math equation describe its spy
Property；(3) part for being difficult to set up mathematical model is determined as physics minor structure, then according to component or variety of components, material, cut
The factors such as face or length dimension classify physics minor structure；
The step 2 specifically: the structure of required research is subjected to preliminary mechanical analysis, it is every from classification gained in step 1
Stress and deformation maximum one are determined in class physics minor structure, are chosen to be test test specimen and are carried out laboratory physical test.If
Simple mechanical analysis can not determine which component or component stress and deformation are maximum in every class physics minor structure test specimen, then need to pass through
It establishes and simplifies finite element model progress Primary Numerical prediction, with the most suitable physical test test specimen of determination；
The step 3 specifically: according to the physical test test specimen induction and conclusion different type physics knot selected in step 2
The mechanics feature of structure establishes physics minor structure constitutive model searching algorithm, is tried using the searching method from laboratory physics test specimen
It tests in response and obtains the test specimen response of not test (N.T.), by calculating position displacement, find corresponding boundary on test curve obtained
Face power is simultaneously applied to numerical value minor structure corresponding position；
The step 4 specifically: comprehensively consider and searched in loading equipemtn, numerical integration algorithm, physics minor structure and step 3
The online inverse compensating control method that feedovers is established in the influence of the factors such as algorithm；
The step 5 specifically: consider that physics minor structure scale selection includes according to the research contents determined in step 1-4
Transducer range, loading equipemtn type etc., and software analysis is carried out needed for considering according to numerical value minor structure form complexity
Program, realize test.
Compared with the sub-structural test method of original large and complex structure test, advantages of the present invention is as follows:
(1) the test test specimen quantity for needing to carry out laboratory test is reduced, substantially reduces experimentation cost, test is taken
Between, manpower and material resources, improve the feasibility of test, while the large-scale experiment that not can be carried out under equivalent assay conditions is become can
Energy；
(2) easy to operate, the error caused by the complicated operating process of test is avoided, numerical value minor structure and physics are reduced
Interface connection between minor structure, makes test be easier to realize.
(3) the more physics sub-structural tests of large and complex structure more can directly be carried out, it is not necessary to stick to place and equipment
Limitation and experimental facilities requirement, more widen trial stretch.
Detailed description of the invention
The existing dynamic substructures experiment realization principle of Fig. 1 (by taking the frame structure equipped with damper as an example)；
Fig. 2 the method for the present invention implementation flow chart；
Dynamic substructures experiment realization principle in Fig. 3 present invention (by taking the frame structure equipped with damper as an example).
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is shown in Figure 2, to be equipped with the Tall Structures of damper or support as shown in Figure 1
For test, in conjunction with relevant drawings, implementation steps of the invention are described in detail below.It is rung to control the displacement of high-level structure
It answers, usually configures damper or support in the structure, therefore the pilot system is mainly made of beam, column and damper or support.
It is usually fixed end link between beam column, damper or support are single load bearing rod piece, in order to guarantee that its mechanical property gives full play to, with
Articulated form connection is generallyd use between beam column.In this way, the structural system mechanical property of beam column composition is clearer, compared to
Support or damper are easier founding mathematical models.Therefore, using support or damper as physics minor structure, the knot of beam column composition
Structure system is as numerical value minor structure.Realize that the specific implementation step of the experiment is as follows using the present invention:
(1) numerical model is established, and physics minor structure is chosen.It is established in addition to damper and support by software in a computer
Structural model；Physical model should choose damper or support in a structure, and the damper or support, which are chosen, should have representative
Property, it needs to be chosen respectively as physics without should be an example, such as if structure is there are many damper or support of form or size
Minor structure accounts for.As shown in figure 3, four layers of frame since damper type and size are identical, choose one layer of damper
It is calculated as physics minor structure.
(2) modeling analysis selects the physics minor structure of stress displacement maximum.Due to only carrying out the examination of a physics minor structure
It tests, and damper or supports itself mechanical property similar, therefore can speculate remaining resistance by testing single damper or support
The response of Buddhist nun's device in the structure calculates the relative storey displacement value containing floor at damper or support, bent according to experiment gained hysteresis
Line finds corresponding power, and is added on structure.But if the damper stress chosen is smaller, then other damper forces displacement can not
It is included, therefore the damper of stress maximum need to be selected as physics minor structure, herein stress and to deform maximum be the
One layer of corresponding damper, is chosen as physics test specimen.
(3) numerical analysis algorithm is established.On the basis of existing physics sub-structural test result, corresponding numerical value need to be established
Parser, to be unified and on experiment gained hysteresis loop for contacting different constitutive relations between each damper
Point indicates stress condition.
(4) dynamic characteristics control method.No matter actuator or shake table, self power characteristic is complicated, real-time power
Feedback element meeting fault in enlargement in structural test, it is therefore desirable to consider that control algolithm balance reduces error.
(5) experiment software and hardware combining is realized.Entire test realization mainly includes that numerical model is solved, data transmission, controlled
Device and testing equipment etc..Choose corresponding interface and test hardware and the softwares such as numerical value minor structure solves, controller is run
It is attached, for example, numerical value minor structure solves and controller is by SIMULINK software realization, this may be selected to grind magnificent PCI board
Card or DSpace system realize the compatible connection of software and hardware, successfully realize.
Finally, it should be noted that the above summary of the invention is only to illustrate the present invention, and not limit described in the invention
Technical solution；The present invention is not the real-time dynamic substructures experiment for being only applicable to consider damper and support effect, other field
The sub-structural test technology of related large and complex structure test is intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of test method for large and complex structure experimental study, it is characterised in that: this method mainly includes following step
It is rapid:
Step 1 is readily able to the part of mathematical modeling as numerical value minor structure, remainder according to institute's research structure itself mechanics feature
It is allocated as physics minor structure, and according to element type, material therefor, scantling parameter to required progress physics sub-structural test
Component or the hysteretic characteristic of component estimated, component or portion according to hysteretic characteristic similarity degree to physics sub-structural test
Part is classified；
Step 2 according to basic mechanical principle or establishes overall structure suitable mathematical model and analyzes to obtain all kinds of physics minor structures and try
In part stress and deformation it is maximum that, be chosen to be carry out laboratory test component；
Step 3 is directed to different types of physics minor structure test specimen loading characteristic, and foundation can be used for online real-time estimation and not tried
The numerical prediction algorithm for the physics minor structure test specimen constitutive model tested obtains respectively to calculate displacement according to numerical value sub-structure model
A difference physics minor structure reacts on the interfacial force of numerical value minor structure；
Step 4, characteristic foundation compensation loading equipemtn, sensor and true examination in conjunction with physics minor structure constitutive model estimation method
Test the control method of test specimen dynamic characteristics influence；
Step 5 chooses suitable hardware and software equipment according to the requirement of sensor, loading equipemtn and algorithm computational efficiency, real
Existing above-mentioned test；
The step 1 specifically: (1) research object is subjected to preliminary mechanical analysis, determines which is partially easy to establish mathematical modulo
Type, which is partially difficult to set up mathematical model；(2) it is readily able to founding mathematical models part and establishes math equation to describe its characteristic；
(3) part for being difficult to set up mathematical model is determined as physics minor structure, then according to component or variety of components, material, section
Or length dimension factor classifies physics minor structure；
The step 2 specifically: the structure of required research is subjected to preliminary mechanical analysis, from the every class object of classification gained in step 1
It manages and determines stress and deformation maximum one in minor structure, be chosen to be test test specimen and carry out laboratory physical test；If simple
Mechanical analysis can not determine which component or component stress and deformation are maximum in every class physics minor structure test specimen, then need to pass through foundation
Simplify finite element model and carry out Primary Numerical prediction, with the most suitable physical test test specimen of determination；
The step 3 specifically: according to the physical test test specimen induction and conclusion different type physics minor structure selected in step 2
Mechanics feature establishes physics minor structure constitutive model searching algorithm, is rung using the searching method from laboratory physics specimen test
The middle test specimen response for obtaining not test (N.T.) is answered to find corresponding interfacial force on test curve obtained by calculating position displacement
And it is applied to numerical value minor structure corresponding position；
The step 4 specifically: comprehensively consider loading equipemtn, numerical integration algorithm, searching algorithm in physics minor structure and step 3
The online inverse compensating control method that feedovers is established in the influence of factor.
2. a kind of test method for large and complex structure experimental study according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State step 5 specifically: consider that physics minor structure scale selection includes sensing tolerance according to the research contents determined in step 1-4
Journey, loading equipemtn type, and the program of software analysis is carried out needed for considering according to numerical value minor structure form complexity, it realizes
Test.
3. utilizing a kind of pilot system for large and complex structure experimental study of claim 1 the method, feature exists
In: the Tall Structures pilot system equipped with damper or support is usually being tied to control the dynamic respond of high-level structure
Damper or support are configured in structure, therefore the pilot system is mainly made of beam, column and damper or support；It is usually between beam column
Fixed end link, damper or support are that single load bearing rod piece is usually adopted between beam column to guarantee that its mechanical property gives full play to
It is connected with articulated form；In this way, which the structural system mechanical property of beam column composition is clearer, compared to support or damper
More easily founding mathematical models；Therefore, using support or damper as physics minor structure, the structural system of beam column composition is as number
It is worth minor structure；
The specific implementation step of system is as follows,
(1) numerical model is established, and physics minor structure is chosen；The knot in addition to damper and support is established by software in a computer
Structure model；Physical model should choose damper or support in a structure, the damper or support choose answer it is representative, if
There are many dampers or support of form or size then to need to choose respectively and account for as physics minor structure for structure；Four layers of frame
Since damper type and size are identical, choose one layer of damper and calculated as physics minor structure；
(2) modeling analysis selects the physics minor structure of stress displacement maximum；Due to only carrying out the test of a physics minor structure, and
Damper supports itself mechanical property similar, therefore speculates remaining damper in structure by testing single damper or support
In response, calculate the relative storey displacement value containing floor at damper or support, according to experiment gained hysteresis loop, find correspondence
Power, and be added on structure；But if the damper stress chosen is smaller, then other damper forces displacement can not be included, because
This need to select the damper of stress maximum as physics minor structure, and stress maximum is damped for first layer is corresponding with deforming herein
Device is chosen as physics test specimen；
(3) numerical analysis algorithm is established；On the basis of existing physics sub-structural test result, corresponding numerical analysis need to be established
Algorithm, for contacting between each damper different constitutive relations, unify and the point table on the hysteresis loop obtained by testing
Show stress condition；
(4) dynamic characteristics control method；No matter actuator or shake table, self power characteristic is complicated, real-time dynamic substructures
Feedback element meeting fault in enlargement in test, it is therefore desirable to consider that control algolithm balance reduces error；
(5) experiment software and hardware combining is realized；Entire test realize mainly include numerical model solve, data transmission, controller and
In terms of testing equipment；It chooses corresponding interface and test hardware and numerical value minor structure solves, controller runs software is attached,
Numerical value minor structure solves and controller is to select PCI board card or DSpace system to realize soft or hard by SIMULINK software realization
The compatible connection of part, is successfully realized.
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| CN109542067A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-29 | 天津大学 | Multivariable structural test real-time control system and method based on shared drive |
| CN110045632B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-01-19 | 浙江大学 | Suspension tunnel flow-solid coupling hybrid simulation test method and device |
| CN111859659A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 北京工业大学 | Two-stage dynamic substructure test method for large-scale complex structure test research |
| CN113011073B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-04-29 | 清华大学 | One-dimensional complex hysteresis relation construction and structure simulation method based on deep learning |
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