CN106012952B - A kind of river water head site water cleaning systems and process for purifying water in situ on a large scale - Google Patents
A kind of river water head site water cleaning systems and process for purifying water in situ on a large scale Download PDFInfo
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- CN106012952B CN106012952B CN201610531902.7A CN201610531902A CN106012952B CN 106012952 B CN106012952 B CN 106012952B CN 201610531902 A CN201610531902 A CN 201610531902A CN 106012952 B CN106012952 B CN 106012952B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of river water head site, water cleaning systems and process for purifying water, the water cleaning systems in situ include the first clean water area, the second clean water area and the third clean water area set gradually by main stem to sloot on a large scale；Sloot is drinking water source area.The present invention has built extensive water cleaning systems in situ on the basis of original dykes and dams build demand; water purification is strictly divided on the shoal made of the long-term swash of wave of main stem administers region; lateral seepage purified in situ processing is carried out based on hydraulic condition of river feature and topography feature; itself rely on and be utilized the construction of river dykes and dams; it is purified without still further addressing in river former address; not only solve transport transmission problem; and treating capacity and treatment effeciency are improved, really realize the scale purified treatment in situ of polluted source.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of river water head site in situ water cleaning systems and process for purifying water on a large scale.
Background technology
With the improvement of living standards with the expansion of commercial production scale, the sewage being output in environment is more than oneself of environment
Right detergent power causes water environment degradation.According to《China Environmental State Bulletin in 2014》It has been shown that, 423, China trunk river, 62
Water quality monitoring has been carried out in seat emphasis lake (reservoir), I, II, III, IV, V, bad V class water quality section account for 3.4% respectively,
30.4%, 29.3%, 20.9%, 6.8%, 9.2%, main contamination index is that COD, total phosphorus and five days are biochemical aerobic
Amount.Centralized drinking water source area water quality monitoring has been carried out in 329 ground levels and the above city, and compliance rate accounts for 96.2%.Water quality is excellent
The monitoring point ratio of good grade is 10.8%, and the monitoring point ratio of good grade is 25.9%, and the monitoring point ratio of preferable grade is
1.8%, the monitoring point ratio of poor grade is 45.4%, and the monitoring point ratio of very poor grade is 16.1%.Underground water and surface water are dirty
It has a finger in every pie and indicates total hardness, manganese, iron and fluoride, heavy metal and toxic organic compound pollution.30% is supplied water derived from underground in National urban
Water, up to 89%, Urban Underground water quality is general worsening for north city.Drinking water is also contaminated, and the safety of drinking water and human body are strong
Health is directly related, and nearby the contaminated rate of water body is higher in China cities and towns, and significant threat is constituted to the safety of several hundred million population drinking water.
The Yellow River water head site important as northern China, water resource quality problem is extremely prominent in recent years.By taking the Yellow River as an example,
The fundamental characteristics that Huanghe water has few water, Sha Duo, hydro-sediment relation uncoordinated.Averagely natural runoff is 534.8 hundred million for many years for the Yellow River
m3, 5% of run-off not as good as the Changjiang river, sediment yield is 1,600,000,000 t, is 3 times of the Changjiang river, water quality is more muddy.The reservoir having had
It shows that water level is higher when peak is made in single library water transfer, outbound silt content is low, the transportability of sediments of flow cannot be given full play to, and sand discharge is transported
Used time water level is low, cannot adjust the requirement that enough waters meet " flood is with great Sha ".In addition, with the Yellow River bank industrial and mining enterprises
Increase, the water pollution of the Yellow River also becomes more and more prominent.The especially heavy metals emissions amount such as mining industry, smelting, battery, plating
Big industry field, since the treatment cost of heavy metal pollution is higher, and the supervision of violation blowdown and punishment also all exist
Larger problem, therefore the row's of stealing phenomenon of heavy metal contaminants remains incessant after repeated prohibition, this just results in Upper-middle Reaches of The Yellow River heavy metal pollution
Object occurs different degrees of exceeded, therefore a large amount of pollutant has more been received in downstream, seriously endangers people's production, domestic water
Safety.The drinking water source important as the northern area of China, reasonable control and improvement to the Yellow River pollutant are that there is an urgent need for solutions
Major issue certainly.
For the higher area of geological foundations fluorine content, there is the exceeded phenomenon of fluorine content more in underground water, for people
Poultry safe water causes to seriously threaten.By taking the Weinan City of the Yellow River bank as an example, generally investigated according to hygiene department, in addition to Hua County, Tongguan,
All to there is fluorinated volume in his each counties and cities, area's underground water exceeded in various degree, and the most serious is Dali, Pucheng, Fuping Counties, secondly to face
The counties such as Wei Qu, Chengcheng, Heyang.It is more than 0.5~1.0mg of drinking water standard L according to water sample analysis is drunk-1Account for 57%,
Wherein fluorinated volume is more than 4.0mg L-1Account for 8%, 2.1~4.0mg L-1Account for 43.5%, 1.1~2.0mg L-1Account for
48.5%；The whole city has more than 100 ten thousand people to be in high-fluorine water area, and suffering from den tal fluorosis has 720,000 people, suffers from 4.9 ten thousand people of fluorosis of bone.
Therefore, to solve the problems, such as the safety of water source of national generally existing, clean water is provided for people and animals' drinking water, domestic water
Source, implementation cost is low, effect is excellent, scale is big, the water source purifying engineering means of ecology are imperative.
Invention content
The technical issues of in order to solve drinking water source heavy metal pollution, it is extensive that the present invention provides a kind of river water head site
Water cleaning systems and process for purifying water in situ, source of clean water is provided for people and animals with water.
Technical solution of the invention is：Water cleaning systems in situ, special character exist on a large scale for a kind of river water head site
In：Include the first clean water area, the second clean water area and the third clean water area set gradually by main stem to sloot；It is described artificial
River is drinking water source area；
Close to main stem, the first clean water area is conduct dam body made of heap is built on shoal for first clean water area side,
The top of the conduct dam body is higher by 3-6 meters than main stem mean water；
Second clean water area is located at the other side of the first clean water area, and the second clean water area includes filling out to be overlying on main stem shoal
Arable layer, the arable layer bottom end is higher by 1-5 meters than main stem mean water, and the thickness of the arable layer is 20-50 centimetres；
Between the second clean water area and sloot, third clean water area includes excavating the shoal soil body for the third clean water area
The water being arranged afterwards ploughs curing layer, excavates the level of ground water after the shoal soil body and ensures that the cultivated curing layer of water can water storage；The water ploughs curing
The thickness of layer is 30-40 centimetres, and the bright water layer of curing layer surface self-assembling formation 5-30 cm thicks, bright water layer top ratio are ploughed in water
Main stem mean water is 2-3 meters low；
It is additionally provided with isolation dam between the third clean water area and sloot；Compare sloot in the top of the isolation dam
Mean water be higher by 2-3 meters.
The arable layer bottom end of above-mentioned second clean water area is higher by 1-3 meters than main stem mean water, is planted in the arable layer
Landscape plant.
The arable layer bottom end of above-mentioned second clean water area is higher by 3-5 meters than main stem mean water, is planted in the arable layer
Landscape forest, industrial crops and/or cereal crops.
The water of above-mentioned third clean water area ploughs curing layer planting aquatic plants.
It is turn over building by third clean water area bottom soil body being formed that above-mentioned water, which ploughs curing layer,.
The present invention also provides a kind of river water head site process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, are characterized in that：Including following
Step：
1】Water purification region and sloot region in situ are divided according to the distribution situation of main stem and main stem shoal；
2】River water head site water cleaning systems in situ on a large scale are built in water purification region in situ；
2.1】Build the first clean water area：Within the scope of the first clean water area of delimitation, vertical stifled arrangement and method for construction is attacked and occupied using both sides,
Big grain size rubble and concrete pentahedron component are jettisoninged, the place of closing up sets steel-pipe pile, and reinforced gabion river bottom protection is met after dam body perforation
The water surface is held one's breath with tailing debris, and the earthwork is filled behind follow-up dam in time, completes building for the first clean water area.
2.2】Build the second clean water area：The soil body within the scope of third clean water area and sloot is excavated, and is filled out and is overlying on
Soil body surface layer is carried out smooth and is rolled compacting, continued to fill out and cover by the second clean water area within the scope of the second clean water area of delimitation
The soil body simultaneously rolls compacting until soil body top is higher by 1-5 meters than main stem water level；With muddy water pour it is smooth after soil body surface layer, cover
After covering the loess of 20-50 cm thicks, arable layer is formed；
2.3】Third clean water area is built in digging：The soil body is excavated within the scope of third clean water area, until level of ground water ensures that third is net
It pool can water storage；Turn over structure water to third clean water area bottom soil body and plough curing layer and forms the suitable aquatic plants growth soil body
Structure；
2.4】Sloot is built in digging：In conjunction with main stem tendency, the sloot that cross section is concave structure is excavated.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention has built extensive original on the basis of original dykes and dams build demand
Position water cleaning systems strictly divide water purification on the shoal made of the long-term swash of wave of main stem and administer region, and the hydrology based on river is special
Topography of seeking peace feature carries out lateral seepage purified in situ processing, the construction of river dykes and dams itself is relied on and be utilized, in river former address
It is purified without still further addressing, not only solves transport transmission problem, and improve treating capacity and treatment effeciency,
Really realize the scale purified treatment in situ at heavy metal pollution water source.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the extensive water cleaning systems schematic diagram in situ of present pre-ferred embodiments.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to Fig. 1, the extensive water cleaning systems in situ of present pre-ferred embodiments include by main stem 1 to sloot 2
The first clean water area 3, the second clean water area 4 and the third clean water area 5 set gradually；Sloot 2 is drinking water source area；
Close to main stem 1, the first clean water area 3 is that heap is built on itself shoal of main stem 1 for first clean water area, 3 side
Conduct dam body, the top of conduct dam body is higher by 3-6 meters than main stem mean water；Conduct dam body top is substantially higher by main stem
Mean water can effectively prevent influencing purifying water effect because flood season level covers water cleaning systems.Conduct dam body bottom soil body compared with
To be closely knit, main stem silt and tiny particles content can be retained during main stem flow side is oozed.
Second clean water area 4 is located at the other side of the first clean water area 3, and the second clean water area 4 includes filling out to be overlying on main stem sand successively
Solum 41 on continent and arable layer 42,42 bottom end of arable layer are higher by 1-5 meters than main stem mean water, the thickness of arable layer 42
It is 20-50 centimetres.Filling out for solum 41 is covered and can be supplemented by the excavation of the soil body of third clean water area and sloot.Arable layer 42
It is fill out covering by the natural soil rich in indigenous microorganism, some green plantss can be planted, on the one hand can utilizes micro- life
Object and the biological degradation function of plant in lateral seepage stream heavy metal classes pollutant or organic pollution carry out absorption degradation,
On the other hand root system of plant can be utilized to fasten soil, preferably plays the role of filtering contaminants.When ploughing for the second clean water area
Make (such as thickness be 1-3 meters when) when layer thickness is laid with shallower, landscape plant can be planted in arable layer 42, when the second water purification
When the farming layer thickness in area is laid with deeper (such as thickness is 3-5 meters), then landscape forest, economy can be planted in arable layer
Crop or cereal crops (such as rice, rape etc., can be depending on specific soil property environment difference).
Between the second clean water area 4 and sloot 2, third clean water area 5 includes that water ploughs curing layer 51 for third clean water area 5
With the bright water layer in field face 52；Bright 52 top of water layer in field face is 2-3 meters lower than main stem mean water；The thickness of the bright water layer in field face 52 is 5-
30 centimetres；The thickness that water ploughs curing layer 51 is 30-40 centimetres.Since third clean water area is less than main stem mean water, deposit
In deep or shallow bright pool.Various water plants (such as lotus rhizome, reed, algae etc.) can be planted in bright water area, it is aquatic
Plant can further absorb the organic pollution and heavy metal contaminants in degradation lateral seepage.
Isolation dam 6 is additionally provided between third clean water area 5 and sloot 2；The top of isolation dam 6 is more flat than sloot
Equal water level is higher by 2-3 meters, after monitoring and comparing main stem water level and sloot SEA LEVEL VARIATION, regulates and controls sloot in time
Height of water level.
River water head site provided by the invention process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, includes the following steps：
1】Water purification region and sloot region in situ are divided according to the distribution situation of main stem and main stem shoal；
2】River water head site water cleaning systems in situ on a large scale are built in water purification region in situ；
2.1】Build the first clean water area：Within the scope of the first clean water area of delimitation, vertical stifled arrangement and method for construction is attacked and occupied using both sides,
Big grain size rubble and concrete pentahedron component are jettisoninged, the place of closing up sets steel-pipe pile, and reinforced gabion river bottom protection is met after dam body perforation
The water surface is held one's breath with tailing debris, and the earthwork is filled behind follow-up dam in time, completes building for the first clean water area；
2.2】Build the second clean water area：The soil body within the scope of third clean water area and sloot is excavated, and is filled out and is overlying on
Soil body surface layer is carried out smooth and is rolled compacting, continued to fill out and cover by the second clean water area within the scope of the second clean water area of delimitation
The soil body simultaneously rolls compacting until soil body top is higher by 1-5 meters than main stem water level；With muddy water pour it is smooth after soil body surface layer, cover
After covering the loess of 20-50 cm thicks, arable layer is formed；
2.3】Third clean water area is built in digging：The soil body is excavated within the scope of third clean water area, until level of ground water ensures that third is net
It pool can water storage；Turn over structure water to third clean water area bottom soil body and plough curing layer and forms the suitable aquatic plants growth soil body
Structure；
2.4】Sloot is built in digging：In conjunction with main stem tendency, the sloot that cross section is concave structure is excavated.
Water cleaning systems in situ obtain river water head site provided by the invention in the trial operation of the Yellow River part section on a large scale
Significant effect.According to the hydrological characteristics of the section the Yellow River and topography feature, water quality is carried out using the arable land ecosystem net
Change.
As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, have on every Testing index by the water quality in purified sloot and obviously change
Kind, the especially heavy metal contaminants content such as chromium, arsenic declines to a great extent, and the wherein content of chromium is from 0.017mg L-1It drops to
0.001mg L-1, copper drops to 0.008mg L from 0.016-1, zinc drops to 0.022mg L from 0.066-1, content is from symbol
It closes《Water environment quality standard》The II class limit value of GB3838-2002 is improved to meeting I class limit value.Especially it is local at present
Lower water fluoride content severely exceeds, and human and livestock health is seriously endangered as drinking water source.And extensive purified in situ is implemented to the Yellow River
Afterwards, fluorine content meets complete I class limit value, can be used as people and animals with water good water sources.This engineering can be in Hancheng to Heyang one
Line forms the clear water reserves of ten thousand sides of 600-1200, forms clear water deliverability (water quality close to I grade water) of the day for ten thousand sides of 40-80,
The water supply problem that northern more than the 10 a cities (county town) in Weihe can thoroughly be solved, makes 5,000,000 masses take leave of unclean Drinking Water Problem, improves local
The insufficient present situation of water resource simultaneously promotes local economy and social development.
The extensive front and back water quality situation comparison of water cleaning systems purification in situ of table 1
The extensive front and back water quality situation comparison of water cleaning systems purification in situ of table 2
Claims (5)
1. a kind of river water head site process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, it is characterised in that：Include the following steps：
1】Water purification region and sloot region in situ are divided according to the distribution situation of main stem and main stem shoal；
2】River water head site water cleaning systems in situ on a large scale are built in water purification region in situ；The river water head site is in situ on a large scale
Water cleaning systems include the first clean water area, the second clean water area and the third clean water area set gradually by main stem to sloot；Institute
It is drinking water source area to state sloot；
Close to main stem, the first clean water area is conduct dam body made of heap is built on shoal, described for first clean water area side
The top of conduct dam body is higher by 3-6 meters than main stem mean water；
Second clean water area is located at the other side of the first clean water area, and the second clean water area includes filling out to be overlying on ploughing on main stem shoal
Make layer, the arable layer bottom end is higher by 1-5 meters than main stem mean water, and the thickness of the arable layer is 20-50 centimetres；
Between the second clean water area and sloot, third clean water area includes being set after excavating the shoal soil body for the third clean water area
The water set ploughs curing layer, excavates the level of ground water after the shoal soil body and ensures that the cultivated curing layer of water can water storage；The water ploughs curing layer
Thickness is 30-40 centimetres, ploughs the bright water layer of curing layer surface self-assembling formation 5-30 cm thicks in water, bright water layer top is than main river
Road mean water is 2-3 meters low；
It is additionally provided with isolation dam between the third clean water area and sloot；The top of the isolation dam is more flat than sloot
Equal water level is higher by 2-3 meters；
2.1】Build the first clean water area：Within the scope of the first clean water area of delimitation, vertical stifled arrangement and method for construction is attacked and occupied using both sides, it will be big
Grain size rubble and concrete pentahedron component are jettisoninged, and the place of closing up sets steel-pipe pile, reinforced gabion river bottom protection, upstream face after dam body perforation
It is held one's breath with tailing debris, the earthwork is filled behind follow-up dam in time, completes building for the first clean water area；
2.2】Build the second clean water area：The soil body within the scope of third clean water area and sloot is excavated, and is filled out and is overlying on second
Soil body surface layer is carried out smooth and is rolled compacting, continues to fill out earthing body by clean water area within the scope of the second clean water area of delimitation
And compacting is rolled until soil body top is higher by 1-5 meters than main stem water level；With muddy water pour it is smooth after soil body surface layer, covering
After the loess of 20-50 cm thicks, arable layer is formed；
2.3】Third clean water area is built in digging：The soil body is excavated within the scope of third clean water area, until level of ground water ensures third clean water area
It can water storage；Turn over structure water to third clean water area bottom soil body and plough curing layer and forms suitable aquatic plants growth soil body knot
Structure；
2.4】Sloot is built in digging：In conjunction with main stem tendency, the sloot that cross section is concave structure is excavated.
2. river water head site according to claim 1 process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, it is characterised in that：Second water purification
The arable layer bottom end in area is higher by 1-3 meters than main stem mean water, and landscape plant is planted in the arable layer.
3. river water head site according to claim 1 process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, it is characterised in that：Second water purification
The arable layer bottom end in area is higher by 3-5 meters than main stem mean water, plantation landscape forest in the arable layer, industrial crops and/
Or cereal crops.
4. river water head site according to any one of claims 1 to 3 process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, it is characterised in that：It is described
The water of third clean water area ploughs curing layer planting aquatic plants.
5. river water head site according to claim 4 process for purifying water in situ on a large scale, it is characterised in that：The water ploughs curing
Layer is turn over building by third clean water area bottom soil body being formed.
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| KR100710859B1 (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2007-04-25 | 주식회사 아썸 | Constructed wetland system for nonpoint source polluted water treatment |
| CN101824811A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-09-08 | 河海大学 | Multi-stage water power aerobic ecological wetland type slope protection device |
| CN103395930A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-20 | 武汉大学 | Ecological slope protection type sewage land infiltration system and ecological slope protection type sewage land infiltration method |
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