CN106011396A - Quenching method for improving mechanical property of large forging - Google Patents
Quenching method for improving mechanical property of large forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN106011396A CN106011396A CN201610546701.4A CN201610546701A CN106011396A CN 106011396 A CN106011396 A CN 106011396A CN 201610546701 A CN201610546701 A CN 201610546701A CN 106011396 A CN106011396 A CN 106011396A
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- Prior art keywords
- forging
- cooling
- quenching
- oil
- water
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention provides a quenching method for improving the mechanical property of a large forging. The forging is precooled for 2-3 mins in air after thermal treatment and heat preservation are completed, then the forging is vertically put into a quenching tank containing clean water for water cooling, after water cooling is completed, the surface temperature of the forging is measured with a temperature measuring gun, the surface temperature is between 220-250 DEG C, then the forging is subjected to oil cooling, in which N15 engine oil is adopted, the temperature of the forging is equal to or less than 180 DEG C after oil cooling is completed, and the forging is put into a furnace for high temperature tempering after oil cooling. According to the invention, the water quenching and oil cooling method is adopted for quenching treatment, so that the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the forging is decreased, the impact toughness of the forging is improved, the comprehensive mechanical property of the forging is higher, the strength and toughness matching are better, the quality of the forging is better, the defects of cracking and the like do not exist, the quenching method of water quenching and oil cooling is also applicable to large forgings at the same type, and the efficiency of industrial production is greatly improved.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the process for quenching of forging, particularly to a kind of quenching improving large forgings mechanical performance
Method.
[background technology]
Large forgings refers to the open die forgings needing more than 1000t hydraulic forging press to produce.Large forgings is due to chi
Very little big, weight big, heat treatment has effective thickness to increase the most therewith, and the thermal capacity of workpiece is very big, therefore at heat
Hardly result in bigger firing rate and rate of cooling during reason, make large forgings produce in heating and cooling procedure
Raw huge surface and the temperature difference in heart portion, and the asynchronism of structural transformation, thus cause in workpiece powerful
Internal stress, easily cause distortion and the cracking of workpiece.
Modifier treatment i.e. quenches and increases temperature the Technology for Heating Processing of tempering, and the quenched performance that can make steel obtains the biggest
The adjustment of degree, its intensity, plasticity and toughness are all preferable, have good comprehensive mechanical performance.Quenched heat
Process is the common method that large forgings obtains excellent mechanical properties.Conventional hardening media have water, saline,
Aqueous alkali and mineral oil, commonly use in commercial production is water and mineral oil.The cooling capacity of water is very big, but cooling
Characteristic is bad；The cooling characteristics of oil is preferable, but cooling capacity is the lowest.The application is for during quenched
Process for quenching, in conjunction with specifically producing reality, works out a kind of process for quenching being applicable to large-scale alloy steel forging.
[summary of the invention]
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of raising large forgings machinery
The process for quenching of performance, it is possible to be obviously improved the impact flexibility of large forgings.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of process for quenching improving large forgings mechanical performance,
Forging after heat treatment insulation terminates, first pre-cooling 2～3 minutes the most in atmosphere, more vertically put into equipped with clear water
Carrying out water cooling in quenching tank, water cooling measures forging surface temperature with temperature-measuring gun after terminating, and surface temperature should
Between 220 DEG C～250 DEG C, then proceeding to oil cooling, oil cooling uses N15 machine oil, after oil cooling terminates
The temperature of forging answers≤180 DEG C, and oil cooling is put into stove and carried out high tempering after terminating.
As preferably, described oil cooling terminates the time interval between high tempering and answers≤2h.
As preferably, the time of described pre-cooling in atmosphere is 2.5 minutes, water cooling terminate after surface temperature
Degree is 235 DEG C.
As preferably, blender during described water cooling, is used to be stirred heat radiation.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention uses water quenching and oil-cooling method to carry out Quenching Treatment, reduces forging
Ductile-brittle transition temperature, improves the impact flexibility of forging, and forging comprehensive mechanical performance is higher, intensity and toughness
Coupling is preferable, and forging quality is preferable, and without defects such as crackings, the process for quenching of water quenching and oil-cooling is also applied for it
His same type of large forgings, substantially increases industrial efficiency.
Inventive feature and advantage will combine accompanying drawing by embodiment and be described in detail.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the ideal quench cooling curve schematic diagram of steel；
Fig. 2 is the cooling curve schematic diagram of various process for quenching.
[detailed description of the invention]
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention of greater clarity, below by accompanying drawing and enforcement
Example, is further elaborated to the present invention.However, it should be understood that specific embodiment described herein
Only in order to explain the present invention, it is not limited to the scope of the present invention.Additionally, in the following description, save
Omit the description to known features and technology, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring idea of the invention.
Refering to Fig. 1, for the ideal quench cooling curve of steel.More than 650 DEG C should Slow cooling, with reduce quench
Burning hot stress；Should quickly cool down between 650 DEG C～400 DEG C, with the district the most stable by overcooling austenite
Territory, it is to avoid pearlite or bainite transformation occur.But M below 400 DEG CSTemperature province near point, should
The structural stress produced when Slow cooling is to reduce martensite transfor mation as far as possible.
The application propose water quenching and oil-cooling method be first by the workpiece of austenitic state in the water that cooling capacity is strong cold
But to during close to the temperature of Ms point, then cooling in the oil that cooling capacity is more weak is proceeded to immediately, until completing geneva
Body changes.
In Fig. 2, A1 is the equilibrium temperature of austenite and pearlite.No. 1 curve is the cooling song of single quenching method
Line, is the process for quenching put into by the workpiece of austenitic state and be cooled to room temperature in a kind of hardening media always,
This method is simple to operate, but easily makes bigger workpiece be deformed or ftracture.No. 3 curves are aus-bay quenchings
Cooling curve, be first the workpiece of austenitic state to be quenched in the salt bath of Ms point of slightly above steel or alkaline bath furnace
Middle insulation, after workpiece internal and external temperature is uniform, then taking-up air cooling is to room temperature from liquid furnace, and this method operates
More complicated.No. 4 curves are the cooling curves of isothermal hardening, it be by austenitizing after workpiece quench into Ms point
In certain temperature salt bath, isothermal keeps the sufficiently long time above, is allowed to be changed into lower bainite tissue, then in
The process for quenching of cooling in air, but it is only applicable to the workpiece that size is less.No. 2 curves are the application methods
Cooling curve, the method takes full advantage of that water is fast in high-temperature region rate of cooling and oil is in low-temperature space rate of cooling
Slow advantage, both can ensure that workpiece obtained martensitic structure, and improve workpiece strength and hardness, can reduce again work
Part, in the rate of cooling of martensitic regions, reduces structural stress, thus prevents workpiece deformation or cracking.
Water quenching and oil-cooling method must strictly control the workpiece time of staying in water in implementation process, it is ensured that workpiece from
Temperature when proceeding in oil in water is near Ms point, and the highest meeting of temperature causes the decomposition of austenite, causes quenching
Hardness is inadequate, and temperature is the lowest, and workpiece has occurred martensite transfor mation in water, causes the increase of structural stress,
Thus lose the meaning of water quenching and oil-cooling.
The application, as a example by Steam Turbine Rotor 28CrMoNiV and generator amature 34CrMo1A, have studied
Water quenching and oil-cooling application in the industrial production.The M of 28CrMoNiV and 34CrMo1ASPoint respectively may be about 370 DEG C
With 350 DEG C, therefore workpiece be first cooled in water surface temperature be proceed to again in oil when 220 DEG C～250 DEG C cold
But.Heat treatment quenching equipment parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: quenching process basic equipment parameter
Forging insulation terminate after first pre-cooling 2～3 minutes the most in atmosphere, to reduce thermal stress, more vertically put into and quench
Fire groove cooling, wherein water is common clear water, and oil is N15 machine oil.In cooling procedure, stirring system is opened
Peak power, accelerates heat and sheds.Water-cooled measures forging surface temperature, surface temperature with temperature-measuring gun after terminating
Should between 220 DEG C～250 DEG C, then proceed to oil cools down.After oil cold junction bundle, the temperature of forging answers≤180 DEG C.
I.e. entering stove high tempering after oil cold junction bundle, wherein oil cold junction bundle answers≤2h to the time interval between tempering.
The contrast of forging difference process for quenching of the same race: be object of study by Steam Turbine Rotor 28CrMoNiV,
Under identical quenched and temperature, cold with oil continuously respectively and two kinds of process for quenching coolings of water quenching and oil-cooling,
To work out more excellent process for quenching.Table 2 lists the basic parameter of several rotor quenching.Table 3 is at this
On the basis of the mechanical performance experimental result made.
The basic parameter of table 2:28CrMoNiV rotor quenching
Table 3:28CrMoNiV rotor mechanical performance compares
As can be seen from the above table, to obtain the impact flexibility of forging the lowest for the method for the continuous oil quenching of 1# and 2#
In 3# and the 4# impact flexibility of water quenching and oil-cooling method, other intensity level is then distinguished not quite.And shrend oil
Cold method also reduces the ductile-brittle transition temperature of forging.It can be said that the cooling means of bright water quenching and oil-cooling can
To improve the mechanical performance of large forgings, it is better than the method that oil is cold continuously.
Large forgings process for quenching is studied: the method for water quenching and oil-cooling is applied to other materials and larger forging
Part, all has good effect.Table 4 lists Steam Turbine Rotor 28CrMoNiV and generator amature
Basic parameter in 34CrMo1A forging quenching process.
4: two kinds of large forgings quenching basic parameters of table
Adding suitable tempering process by the cooling means of above-mentioned water quenching and oil-cooling, the mechanical performance of gained workpiece is such as
Shown in table 5.
The mechanical performance of 5: two kinds of large forgings of table
Research shows that the forging comprehensive mechanical performance after water quenching and oil-cooling is higher, and intensity and toughness coupling preferably, and are forged
Part quality is preferable, without defects such as crackings.
The result of study of process for quenching quenched to large rotor forging 28CrMoNiV and 34CrMo1A shows, water
Oil cooling method of quenching takes full advantage of water and the cooling characteristics of oil, preferably meets ideal quench cooling curve.Adjust
After matter, the impact flexibility of forging is higher, and ductile-brittle transition temperature is relatively low, has good comprehensive mechanical performance.
The process for quenching of water quenching and oil-cooling is also applied for other same type of large forgings, substantially increases commercial production
Efficiency.
These are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all the present invention's
Any amendment, equivalent or the improvement etc. made within spirit and principle, should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of protecting.
Claims (4)
1. the process for quenching improving large forgings mechanical performance, it is characterised in that: forging is at heat treatment insulation knot
Shu Hou, first pre-cooling 2 the most in atmosphere～3 minutes, more vertically put into equipped with the quenching tank of clear water carries out water-cooled
But, water cooling measures forging surface temperature with temperature-measuring gun after terminating, and surface temperature should be at 220 DEG C～250 DEG C
Between, then proceeding to oil cooling, oil cooling uses N15 machine oil, and oil cooling terminates the temperature of rear forging should
≤ 180 DEG C, oil cooling is put into stove and is carried out high tempering after terminating.
A kind of process for quenching improving large forgings mechanical performance the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described oil cooling terminates the time interval between high tempering and answers≤2h.
A kind of process for quenching improving large forgings mechanical performance the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The time of described pre-cooling in atmosphere is 2.5 minutes, and the surface temperature after water cooling terminates is 235 DEG C.
A kind of process for quenching improving large forgings mechanical performance the most as claimed any one in claims 1 to 3,
It is characterized in that: during described water cooling, use blender to be stirred heat radiation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610546701.4A CN106011396A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Quenching method for improving mechanical property of large forging |
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| CN201610546701.4A CN106011396A (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2016-07-08 | Quenching method for improving mechanical property of large forging |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107779566A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-09 | 山东伊莱特重工股份有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method of high-intensity high-tenacity 40CrNiMo forging |
| CN108754096A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-11-06 | 燕山大学 | A kind of electrochemistry for large forgings quickly expands hydrogen methods |
| CN109055863A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-21 | 中石化四机石油机械有限公司 | A kind of the low-carbon alloy Steel material and heat treatment method of oil drilling hook |
| CN111876562A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-03 | 湖南泰安锻造有限公司 | Water quenching oil cooling treatment method for heat treatment production line |
| WO2021114394A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | 王宁 | Isothermal quenching technology with oil or oil atmosphere as cooling medium |
| WO2024012036A1 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-18 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for controlling alv55 alloy oxide film at back end |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102586571A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-18 | 重庆宗学重工机械股份有限公司 | Quenching processing method for main shaft of fan |
| CN103266212A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-28 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Thermal treatment technology for improving low-temperature impact toughness of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel forging |
| CN104946870A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 杭州汽轮动力集团有限公司 | Heat treatment method for strength of 28CrMoNiV steel capable of improving industrial steam turbine rotor forge piece |
-
2016
- 2016-07-08 CN CN201610546701.4A patent/CN106011396A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102586571A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-18 | 重庆宗学重工机械股份有限公司 | Quenching processing method for main shaft of fan |
| CN103266212A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-08-28 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Thermal treatment technology for improving low-temperature impact toughness of 25Cr2Ni4MoV steel forging |
| CN104946870A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 杭州汽轮动力集团有限公司 | Heat treatment method for strength of 28CrMoNiV steel capable of improving industrial steam turbine rotor forge piece |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107779566A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-09 | 山东伊莱特重工股份有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method of high-intensity high-tenacity 40CrNiMo forging |
| CN108754096A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-11-06 | 燕山大学 | A kind of electrochemistry for large forgings quickly expands hydrogen methods |
| CN109055863A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-21 | 中石化四机石油机械有限公司 | A kind of the low-carbon alloy Steel material and heat treatment method of oil drilling hook |
| WO2021114394A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | 王宁 | Isothermal quenching technology with oil or oil atmosphere as cooling medium |
| CN111876562A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2020-11-03 | 湖南泰安锻造有限公司 | Water quenching oil cooling treatment method for heat treatment production line |
| WO2024012036A1 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-18 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for controlling alv55 alloy oxide film at back end |
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Application publication date: 20161012 |
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