CN106010616B - 一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置 - Google Patents

一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置 Download PDF

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CN106010616B
CN106010616B CN201610414917.5A CN201610414917A CN106010616B CN 106010616 B CN106010616 B CN 106010616B CN 201610414917 A CN201610414917 A CN 201610414917A CN 106010616 B CN106010616 B CN 106010616B
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付鹏
李艳美
李宁
李志合
易维明
李永军
马骁轩
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Shandong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置，属于可再生能源利用技术领域，其中第一热载体储仓进料口与热载体提升装置喂入端相连，出料口经热载体流量控制阀连通循环流化床燃烧器，生物质粉料喂料机连通循环流化床燃烧器下部进料口，燃烧器底部采用管路与气体混合控制器连接，上部高温烟气出口以管路依次连接气固分离器、灰粉分离器和高温引风机，气固分离器底部连接有第二热载体储仓，灰粉分离器顶部烟气出口接高温引风机排空，底部设有灰箱。该装置能充分利用循环流化床燃烧器燃烧辐射热和高温烟气余热，实现热载体温度的迅速升高，换热效率高、加热时间短、成本低。

Description

一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置
技术领域
本发明提供一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置，属于可再生能源利用技术领域。
背景技术
液体燃料是当今社会经济发展和民众生活不可或缺的关键能源产品，然而，随着能源资源短缺问题的加剧，液体燃料需求与供给的矛盾更显突出。同时，化石交通燃料过度使用导致的环境污染，尤其是城市雾霾日益加重。和其他可再生能源相比，生物质作为唯一的含碳有机能源，具有可以大规模替代石油制备液体燃料和化学品的潜力。我国具有丰富的生物质能资源，发展可替代石油基的生物质基液体燃料与化学品等高端产品，有助于缓解我国石油短缺的局面，保障国家能源安全，改善生态环境，符合我国重大战略需求。生物质热解液化技术能够使生物质由松散型的固态转化为比重1.2左右的液体产物—生物油，然后通过高值化转化方式和手段把生物油转化为高品位液体燃料和高价值化学品，从而与现有的相关应用无缝接轨，具有良好的发展潜力和应用前景。
通过固体热载体与生物质颗粒间温差传热实现生物质颗粒快速升温裂解，是一种新型生物质热解工艺，相对于传统流化床工艺，该工艺无需引入其他惰性气体介质，不但节约成本，而且大大降低了冷却系统的负荷，节约了能耗。生物质热解所需热量主要来源于固体热载体，首先要将热载体加热到合适温度（550℃～700℃），才能保证生物质热解液化装置的正常运行。传统热载体加热通常采用间接换热方式，采用燃烧后产生的高温烟气与热载体进行间接换热，之后流入热解反应器中与生物质粉混合，期间生物质受热发生热解反应。国内的如公告号为CN 102206496 B的作为一种生物质热解液化工艺系统的具体形式，其主要缺陷是热载体的加热采取间接换热方式，换热效率低，陶瓷蓄热球升温速率慢，尾气余热浪费严重，造成生物质热解液化成本偏高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以陶瓷球为热载体、采用循环流化床燃烧器燃烧辐射热与高温烟气余热直接加热陶瓷球的一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置。
本发明采用的具体技术方案是：
一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置，其特征是，包括生物质粉料喂料机、循环流化床燃烧器、热载体流量控制阀、第一热载体储仓、气固分离器、第二热载体储仓、灰粉分离器、灰箱、气体混合控制器和高温引风机，其特征在于，第一热载体储仓的进料口与热载体提升装置的喂入端相连，出料口经热载体流量控制阀连通循环流化床燃烧器，生物质粉料喂料机连通循环流化床燃烧器下部的进料口，燃烧器底部采用管路与气体混合控制器连接，上部高温烟气出口以管路依次连接气固分离器、灰粉分离器和高温引风机，气固分离器底部连接有第二热载体储仓，灰粉分离器顶部烟气出口接高温引风机排空，底部设有灰箱。
所述循环流化床燃烧器包括上下同心轴焊接的长方形筒体和圆柱形筒体，其中长方形筒体内部设有角度可调的热载体挡板若干个，热载体挡板与筒体内壁的夹角为α，其中α为10～75度；底部通过焊接与多孔筛板连接，其中筛板开孔孔径小于陶瓷球的球径，防止陶瓷球掉入到燃烧区域。
为了实现热载体挡板角度可调，采用螺杆机构和铰链连接方式实现热载体挡板与长方形筒体内壁夹角α变化。
为了使陶瓷球热载体满足热解反应器中的温度需求，通过调节热载体流量控制阀及改变挡板的个数和角度，可以控制陶瓷球的流量和运动速度，实现陶瓷蓄热球加热温度的精确可控。
其工作流程是：陶瓷蓄热球在热载体挡板和多孔筛板的作用下经循环流化床燃烧器进入气固分离器，可充分利用循环流化床燃烧器的燃烧辐射热和高温烟气余热，实现热载体温度的迅速升高，换热效率高。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点是：
1.采用螺杆机构和铰链连接方式实现热载体挡板角度可调。
2.通过调节热载体流量控制阀及改变挡板的个数和角度，可以控制陶瓷球的流量和运动速度，实现陶瓷蓄热球加热温度的精确可控。
3.采用循环流化床燃烧器对陶瓷球热载体进行直接加热，充分利用燃烧辐射热和高温烟气余热，换热效率高、加热时间短、成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明装置A处放大图；
图3是本发明装置的B处螺杆机构的放大图；
图4是图1的C—C截面图。
图中，1-生物质粉料喂料机，2-循环流化床燃烧器，3-螺杆机构，4-热载体流量控制阀，5-第一热载体储仓，6-热载体挡板，7-多孔筛板，8-气固分离器，9-第二热载体储仓，10-布风板，11-气体混合控制器，12-灰箱，13-灰粉分离器，14-高温引风机。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置，包括生物质粉料喂料机1、循环流化床燃烧器2、热载体流量控制阀4、第一热载体储仓5、气固分离器8、第二热载体储仓9、灰粉分离器13、灰箱12、气体混合控制器11和高温引风机14，其特征在于，第一热载体储仓5的进料口与热载体提升装置的喂入端相连，出料口经热载体流量控制阀4连通循环流化床燃烧器2，生物质粉料喂料机1连通循环流化床燃烧器2下部的进料口，燃烧器2底部采用管路与气体混合控制器11连接，上部高温烟气出口以管路依次连接气固分离器8、灰粉分离器13和高温引风机14，气固分离器8底部连接有第二热载体储仓9，灰粉分离器13顶部烟气出口接高温引风机14排空，底部设有灰箱12。

Claims (2)

1.一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置，其特征是，包括生物质粉料喂料机、循环流化床燃烧器、热载体流量控制阀、第一热载体储仓、气固分离器、第二热载体储仓、灰粉分离器、灰箱、气体混合控制器和高温引风机，其特征在于，第一热载体储仓的进料口与热载体提升装置的喂入端相连，出料口经热载体流量控制阀连通循环流化床燃烧器，生物质粉料喂料机连通循环流化床燃烧器下部的进料口，燃烧器底部采用管路与气体混合控制器连接，上部高温烟气出口以管路依次连接气固分离器、灰粉分离器和高温引风机，气固分离器底部连接有第二热载体储仓，灰粉分离器顶部烟气出口接高温引风机排空，底部设有灰箱；
所述循环流化床燃烧器包括上下同心轴焊接的长方形筒体和圆柱形筒体，其中长方形筒体内部设有角度可调的热载体挡板若干个，热载体挡板与筒体内壁的夹角为α，其中α为10～75度；底部通过焊接与多孔筛板连接，其中筛板开孔孔径小于陶瓷球的球径，防止陶瓷球掉入到燃烧区域。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种生物质热解液化用陶瓷球热载体直接加热装置，其特征是，采用螺杆机构铰链连接方式实现热载体挡板与长方形筒体内壁夹角α变化。
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