CN106006641A - Method for preparing calcium carbide - Google Patents
Method for preparing calcium carbide Download PDFInfo
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- CN106006641A CN106006641A CN201610430278.1A CN201610430278A CN106006641A CN 106006641 A CN106006641 A CN 106006641A CN 201610430278 A CN201610430278 A CN 201610430278A CN 106006641 A CN106006641 A CN 106006641A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing calcium carbide. The method comprises the steps that a carbon-contained raw material, a calcium-contained raw material and an additive are subjected to fine grinding so that carbon-contained raw material particles, calcium-contained raw material particles and additive particles can be obtained, wherein the additive contains lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride, the calcium-contained raw material is quick lime, and the carbon-contained raw material is coal or semi coke; the carbon-contained raw material particles, the calcium-contained raw material particles and the additive particles are mixed so that a mixed material can be obtained; the mixed material is smelted so that the calcium carbide can be obtained. According to the method, on one hand, due to the fact that the additive containing the lithium carbonate and the calcium fluoride is added in the smelting process, the purpose of producing the calcium carbide under the low-temperature condition in a smelting mode is achieved; on the other hand, the raw materials are subjected to fine grinding, the specific area of the raw materials is improved, the contact area of the two kinds of raw materials is increased, the mass transferring efficiency and the heat transferring efficiency of the raw materials are improved, the reaction rate is increased, and the reaction temperature and the process energy consumption of calcium carbide smelting are reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to prepare the method for carbide.
Background technology
Carbide is important Coal Chemical Industry product and basic chemical industry raw material, mainly for the production of acetylene and ethynylation chemical product,
Being particularly useful for producing polrvinyl chloride, be once described as " mother of organic synthesis industry ", it is mainly composed of CaC2, the most industrial
Produce carbide and all use electrothermal way.
Electrothermal way technique mainly use electric furnace produce carbide, specially granularity 5～30mm carbonaceous material and calcic material at electricity
In stove by electric arc heated to 2000 DEG C more than, under hot environment carbon reduction-oxidation calcium generate CaC2Product, the carbide of liquid
Material is interrupted from furnace bottom discharges.Though this production technology experience the updating and optimize of many decades, still suffer from problems with:
1) using high-quality carbon raw (coke, anthracite etc.), production cost is higher；2) produce in use block carbon raw material and
Calx, mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency are low, and reaction rate is relatively low；3) using electric arc heated, the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of power generation process is only
Being about 40%, general power consumption is 3200～3600kwh/t carbides, and smelting cycle is long, and energy consumption is higher；4) carbide produced
Product is liquid, and the erosion for stove, electrode is serious；In addition the process of liquid carbide needs the cooling of carbide crucible, the demoulding, breaks
The operation such as broken, complex process, environmental pollution is serious.
Thus, the method preparing carbide haves much room for improvement.
Summary of the invention
It is contemplated that at least solve one of technical problem present in prior art.To this end, it is an object of the present invention to carry
Going out to prepare the method for carbide, the method is by adding containing lithium carbonate and the additive of calcium fluoride in smelting process, it is achieved that
Smelting under cryogenic conditions and produce carbide, and the energy consumption of the method is little, production capacity is high.
It should be noted that the present invention is following work based on inventor and completes:
The fusing point of lithium carbonate is 723 DEG C, melting liquid under high temperature, forms liquid phase between carbon raw and calcio raw material, compares solid
Body carbon and CaO solid-state diffusion to each other, the mobility of lithium carbonate liquid phase is more preferable, effectively accelerates diffusion, promotes carbide reaction
Carry out.Meanwhile, Li+Calcium oxide lattice can be entered as alkali metal ion, cause distortion of lattice to produce defect, also can reach
To promoting that producing carbide reaction is carried out.
The fusing point of calcium fluoride is relatively low, is 1423 DEG C, is also liquid under test temperature, former at carbon raw and calcio equally
Form liquid phase diffusion admittance between material, accelerate carbon and CaO diffusion to each other.Additionally, calcium fluoride is possible not only to provide calcium source,
F simultaneously-As anion, the ionic radius of its ionic radius and oxygen is more or less the same, and can enter CaO lattice, makes lattice activate,
Be conducive to carbon and the diffusion inside of CaO, reduce the activation energy producing carbide reaction simultaneously, make the carbide can be at a lower temperature
Produce.
The studies above based on inventor, inventor adds lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride in the reaction prepare carbide, can effectively facilitate
Carbide reaction is carried out at low ambient temperatures, improves carbide quality.
Thus, according to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method preparing carbide.Enforcement according to the present invention
Example, the method includes: carbon raw material, calcic raw material and additive are carried out fine grinding process, in order to obtain carbon raw material granule,
Calcic feed particles and additive granules, wherein, described additive contains lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride, and described calcic raw material is calculogenesis
Ash, described carbon raw material is coal or semi-coke；By described carbon raw material granule, described calcic feed particles and described additive granules
Carry out mixed processing, in order to obtain mixed material；And described mixed material is carried out metallurgy, in order to obtain carbide.
The method preparing carbide according to embodiments of the present invention, on the one hand by adding containing lithium carbonate and fluorination in smelting process
The additive of calcium, it is achieved that smelt under cryogenic and produce carbide, on the other hand, raw material is carried out fine grinding process, improve former
Material specific surface area, increases the contact area of two kinds of raw materials, improves raw material mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency, improves reaction rate, reduces
Carbide smelts reaction temperature and process energy consumption.Additionally, smelting reaction temperature is low, the requirement to equipment thermostability reduces further,
Thus reduce equipment investment cost.
It addition, the method preparing carbide according to the above embodiment of the present invention can also have a following additional technical characteristic:
According to embodiments of the invention, described carbon raw material granule, described calcic feed particles and described additive granules average
Particle diameter is 10～30 μm.
According to embodiments of the invention, in described mixed material, described carbon raw material, described calcic raw material, described lithium carbonate and
Described calcium fluoride (82～98): 100:(1～10 in mass ratio): (1～6) mix.
According to embodiments of the invention, the carbon content of described carbon raw material is not less than 75 mass %.Preferred according to the present invention
Embodiment, the carbon content of described carbon raw material is not less than 80 mass %.
According to embodiments of the invention, the calcium oxide content of described calcic raw material is not less than 88 mass %.
According to embodiments of the invention, the temperature of described metallurgy is 1600～1800 DEG C, and the time is 30～90 minutes.
According to embodiments of the invention, described metallurgy is carried out under an argon atmosphere.
According to embodiments of the invention, the method farther includes: before described metallurgy, moistens described mixed material
Mill processes, in order to obtain the mixed material after profit mill.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will part be given in the following description, and part will become bright from the following description
Aobvious, or recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage the accompanying drawings below description to embodiment will be apparent from from combining and
Easy to understand, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic flow sheet of the method preparing carbide according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic flow sheet of the method preparing carbide according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, and the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings.Retouch below with reference to accompanying drawing
The embodiment stated is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method preparing carbide.With reference to Fig. 1, according to the present invention's
Embodiment, explains this method preparing carbide, and the method includes:
S100 fine grinding processes
According to embodiments of the invention, carbon raw material, calcic raw material and additive are carried out fine grinding process, obtains carbon raw material
Grain, calcic feed particles and additive granules, wherein, additive contains lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride.The effect to additive at this
Being specifically described, the fusing point of lithium carbonate is 723 DEG C, melting liquid under high temperature, forms liquid between carbon raw and calcio raw material
Phase, compares solid carbon and CaO solid-state diffusion to each other, and the mobility of lithium carbonate liquid phase is more preferable, effectively accelerates diffusion, promotees
Enter carbide reaction to carry out.Meanwhile, Li+Calcium oxide lattice can be entered as alkali metal ion, cause distortion of lattice to produce scarce
Fall into, also can reach to promote that producing carbide reaction is carried out.The fusing point of calcium fluoride is relatively low, is 1423 DEG C, under test temperature also
For liquid, between carbon raw and calcio raw material, form liquid phase diffusion admittance equally, accelerate carbon and CaO diffusion to each other.
Additionally, calcium fluoride is possible not only to provide calcium source, simultaneously F-As anion, the ionic radius of its ionic radius and oxygen is more or less the same,
CaO lattice can be entered, make lattice activate, beneficially carbon and the diffusion inside of CaO, reduce the work producing carbide reaction simultaneously
Change energy, make carbide to produce at a lower temperature.Thus, on the one hand by adding containing lithium carbonate and fluorine in raw materials for metallurgy
Change the additive of calcium, it is achieved that smelt under cryogenic and produce carbide, on the other hand, by raw material is carried out fine grinding process,
Improve raw material specific surface area, increase the contact area of two kinds of raw materials, improve raw material mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency, improve reaction rate,
Reduce carbide reaction temperature and process energy consumption.Additionally, smelting reaction temperature is low, the requirement to equipment thermostability reduces further,
Thus reduce equipment investment cost.Meanwhile, raw material particle size is little, make raw material be obtained by the most completely, it is to avoid in traditional handicraft
The problem that raw material less than 5mm cannot be applied, reduces cost of material.
According to embodiments of the invention, carbon raw material is coal or semi-coke, and wherein, coal is common coal.Thus, with coal or orchid
Charcoal, as carbon raw material, instead of the coke of high cost, significantly reduces carbide production cost.According to a particular embodiment of the invention,
It is quick lime containing calcium oxide raw material.Thus, the reactant activity of carbide reaction is high, promotes the carrying out of carbide reaction, carbide quality
Good.Wherein it is desired to explanation, the additive of the embodiment of the present invention, i.e. can be made up of pure lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride, also
Other compound can be contained.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the mean diameter of carbon raw material granule, calcic feed particles and additive granules is
10～30 μm.Inventor finds through numerous studies, when the mean diameter of reaction raw materials is 10～30 μm, and raw material specific surface
Long-pending height, the contact area of two kinds of raw materials is big, and raw material mass transfer and heat transfer efficiency are high, and reaction rate is fast.Additionally, traditional handicraft is medium and small
Raw material in 5mm is abandoned, and causes the wasting of resources, and the raw material particle size that the method for the embodiment of the present invention uses is little, makes raw material several
It is obtained by completely, reduces cost of material.
According to embodiments of the invention, in mixed material, the ratio of each component is not particularly limited, as long as reaction can be prepared by carbide
?.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, carbon raw material, calcic raw material, lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride (82～98) in mass ratio:
100:(1～10): (1～6) mix.Thus, carbide is smelted the excellent catalytic effect of reaction by additive, and smelting temperature is low,
Time is short, and carbon raw material and calcic raw material fully react, it is to avoid the reactant waste that reactant excess causes, the product of carbide
Matter is good.
According to embodiments of the invention, the carbon content of carbon raw material is not particularly limited, if can with containing calcium oxide raw material reaction
Generation carbide.According to some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon content of carbon raw material is not less than 75 mass %.Thus,
The carbon content of carbon raw material is suitable, and carbide quality is good.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carbon content of described carbon raw material is
Not less than 80 mass %.Thus, the carbon content of carbon raw material is preferably, and carbide quality is good.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the calcium oxide content containing calcium oxide raw material is not less than 88 mass %.Thus, oxygen-containing
The calcium oxide content changing calcium raw material is high, and impurity is few, carbide quality better.
S200 mixed processing
According to embodiments of the invention, carbon raw material granule, calcic feed particles and additive granules are carried out mixed processing,
To mixed material.Thus, make reaction raw materials dispersed, the quality better of the carbide prepared.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method farther includes: be pressed process by mixed material, obtains thing
Dough block.Thus, the particle diameter of raw material is suitable, it is simple to follow-up carry out metallurgy.
S300 metallurgy
According to embodiments of the invention, mixed material is carried out metallurgy, it is thus achieved that carbide.Utilize this mixed material, it is only necessary to low
Temperature smelts the carbide that can prepare high-quality.According to some embodiments of the present invention, the carbide that profit is obtained by the present invention
For the gas forming amount solid-state carbide more than 270L/kg.
According to embodiments of the invention, material agglomerate is put into graphite batch can carries out metallurgy again.Enforcement according to the present invention
Example, the temperature of metallurgy is 1600～1800 DEG C, and the time is 30～90 minutes.Thus, the temperature of reaction is low, the time is short,
Energy consumption cost is few.Meanwhile, the requirement to smelting equipment thermostability also reduce further, thus the cost of investment of smelting equipment is more
Low.
According to embodiments of the invention, metallurgy is carried out under an argon atmosphere so that smelts atmosphere in stove and remains non-oxygen
Activating QI atmosphere, reduces the scaling loss of cigarette carbon content in coal, simultaneously facilitates generation carbide.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, metallurgy is
Carry out under high-purity argon gas atmosphere.Thus, the scaling loss of cigarette carbon content in coal is less, the beneficially preparation of carbide.With reference to Fig. 2, root
According to embodiments of the invention, the method farther includes:
S400 profit mill processes
Before described metallurgy, described mixed material is carried out moistens mill and processes, in order to obtain the mixed material after profit mill.Pass through
Raw material carries out moisten mill process, improve raw material specific surface area, increase the contact area of two kinds of raw materials, improve raw material mass transfer and heat transfer
Efficiency, improves reaction rate, reduces carbide reaction temperature and process energy consumption.
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be described, it should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative,
And be not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
Preparing carbide with powdery semi-coke and Calx for raw material, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) semi-coke and Calx being dried and levigate process, levigate rear Task-size Controlling is in 10 μm～30 μm.With lithium carbonate and
Calcium fluoride is additive, and the two granularity also controls in 10 μm～30 μ m.
(2) take semi-coke 80 parts, 100 parts of Calx, then add 4 parts of lithium carbonate and 2 parts of calcium fluoride mix as additive
Material, more compressing after profit mill.
(3) compressing material is put in graphite batch can, place in high-temperature roasting furnace, roasting 40min at 1800 DEG C,
Roasting process is passed through high-purity argon gas and carries out atmosphere protection.Smelting is taken out carbide after terminating and is carried out gas forming amount mensuration, getting angry of carbide
Amount is 283L/kg.
Embodiment 2
Preparing carbide with powdery semi-coke and Calx for raw material, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) semi-coke and Calx being dried and levigate process, levigate rear Task-size Controlling is in 10 μm～30 μm.With lithium carbonate and
Calcium fluoride is additive, and the two granularity also controls in 10 μm～30 μ m.
(2) take semi-coke 88 parts, 100 parts of Calx, then add 4 parts of lithium carbonate and 4 parts of calcium fluoride mix as additive
Material, more compressing after profit mill.
(3) compressing material is put in graphite batch can, place in high-temperature roasting furnace, roasting 60min at 1800 DEG C,
Roasting process is passed through high-purity argon gas and carries out atmosphere protection.Smelting is taken out carbide after terminating and is carried out gas forming amount mensuration, getting angry of carbide
Amount is 288L/kg.
Embodiment 3
Preparing carbide with powdered abthracite and Calx for raw material, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) anthracite and Calx being dried and levigate process, levigate rear Task-size Controlling is in 10 μm～30 μm.With lithium carbonate
Being additive with calcium fluoride, the two granularity also controls in 10 μm～30 μ m.
(2) take 85 parts of anthracite, 100 parts of Calx, then add 6 parts of lithium carbonate and 4 parts of calcium fluoride mix as additive
Material, more compressing after profit mill.
(3) compressing material is put in graphite batch can, place in high-temperature roasting furnace, roasting 30min at 1800 DEG C,
Roasting process is passed through high-purity argon gas and carries out atmosphere protection.Smelting is taken out carbide after terminating and is carried out gas forming amount mensuration, getting angry of carbide
Amount is 276L/kg.
Embodiment 4
Preparing carbide with powdered abthracite and Calx for raw material, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) anthracite and Calx being dried and levigate process, levigate rear Task-size Controlling is in 10 μm～30 μm.With lithium carbonate and
Calcium fluoride is additive, and the two granularity also controls in 10 μm～30 μ m.
(2) take 82 parts of anthracite, 100 parts of Calx, then add 7 parts of lithium carbonate and 5 parts of calcium fluoride mix as additive
Material, more compressing after profit mill.
(3) compressing material is put in graphite batch can, place in high-temperature roasting furnace, roasting 90min at 1600 DEG C,
Roasting process is passed through high-purity argon gas and carries out atmosphere protection.Smelting is taken out carbide after terminating and is carried out gas forming amount mensuration, getting angry of carbide
Amount is 272L/kg.
Embodiment 5
Preparing carbide with semi-coke and Calx for raw material, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) semi-coke and Calx being dried and levigate process, levigate rear Task-size Controlling is in 10 μm～30 μm.With lithium carbonate and
Calcium fluoride is additive, and the two granularity also controls in 10 μm～30 μ m.
(2) take semi-coke 82 parts, 100 parts of Calx, then add 9 parts of lithium carbonate and 4 parts of calcium fluoride mix as additive
Material, more compressing after profit mill.
(3) compressing material is put in graphite batch can, place in high-temperature roasting furnace, roasting 90min at 1600 DEG C,
Roasting process is passed through high-purity argon gas and carries out atmosphere protection.Smelting is taken out carbide after terminating and is carried out gas forming amount mensuration, getting angry of carbide
Amount is 278L/kg.
In the description of this specification, reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example ",
Or specific features, structure, material or the feature bag that the description of " some examples " etc. means to combine this embodiment or example describes
It is contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, the schematic representation of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referred to
Be identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can be at any one
Or multiple embodiment or example combine in an appropriate manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: without departing from this
These embodiments can be carried out multiple change in the case of the principle of invention and objective, revise, replace and modification, the present invention's
Scope is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. the method preparing carbide, it is characterised in that including:
Carbon raw material, calcic raw material and additive are carried out fine grinding process, in order to obtain carbon raw material granule, calcic feed particles
And additive granules, wherein, described additive contains lithium carbonate and calcium fluoride, and described calcic raw material is quick lime, described carbon containing
Raw material is coal or semi-coke；
Described carbon raw material granule, described calcic feed particles and described additive granules are carried out mixed processing, in order to mixed
Compound material；And
Described mixed material is carried out metallurgy, in order to obtain carbide.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described carbon raw material granule, described calcic feed particles
It is 10～30 μm with the mean diameter of described additive granules.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described mixed material, described carbon raw material, described
Calcic raw material, described lithium carbonate and described calcium fluoride (82～98): 100:(1～10 in mass ratio): (1～6) mix.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the carbon content of described carbon raw material is not less than 75 mass %,
Preferably, for not less than 80 mass %.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the calcium oxide content of described calcic raw material is not less than 88 matter
Amount %.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature of described metallurgy is 1600～1800 DEG C,
Time is 30～90 minutes.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described metallurgy is carried out under an argon atmosphere.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that farther include:
Before described metallurgy, described mixed material is carried out moistens mill and processes, in order to obtain the mixed material after profit mill.
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