CN105990651A - Dual polarization antenna - Google Patents

Dual polarization antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105990651A
CN105990651A CN201510099048.7A CN201510099048A CN105990651A CN 105990651 A CN105990651 A CN 105990651A CN 201510099048 A CN201510099048 A CN 201510099048A CN 105990651 A CN105990651 A CN 105990651A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
oscillator
polarized antenna
network
feed
dual
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Withdrawn
Application number
CN201510099048.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
宗柏青
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to CN201510099048.7A priority Critical patent/CN105990651A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2015/090356 priority patent/WO2016138763A1/en
Publication of CN105990651A publication Critical patent/CN105990651A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual polarization antenna which comprises a radiation unit, a feed network and a grounding plate, wherein the radiation unit is used for radiating energy into a space and comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, the first oscillator is perpendicular to the second oscillator, the second oscillator is parallel to the grounding plate, the first oscillator is arranged between the second oscillator and the grounding plate, the feed network is used for feeding the first oscillator, and the first oscillator is used for forming a double-polarization port.

Description

Dual-polarized antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna technology, in particular to a dual-polarized antenna.
Background
An antenna is a converter that converts a guided wave propagating on a transmission line into an electromagnetic wave propagating in an unbounded medium (usually free space), or vice versa.
In cellular mobile communication systems, base station antennas are transducers in communication equipment between circuit signals and radiated electromagnetic waves in space. The base station antenna is one of the key hardware devices of the mobile communication system, and the performance of the base station antenna directly affects the overall performance of the whole wireless network. In the engineering design of a mobile communication network, an appropriate base station antenna needs to be designed according to various factors such as the coverage requirement of the network, the traffic distribution, the anti-interference requirement, the network service quality and the like.
The polarization of an antenna is one of the main parameters affecting the performance of the antenna and is an important parameter to consider in designing the antenna. The polarization of the antenna refers to the direction of the electric field intensity formed when the antenna radiates, and the antenna can be divided into a single-polarization antenna and a dual-polarization antenna according to the number of the polarization directions; in practical applications, the single-polarized antenna can form a dual-polarized antenna by combination. Generally, mutually orthogonal dual-polarized antennas simultaneously operate in a transceiving duplex mode, which has the most prominent advantage of saving the number of antennas of a single directional base station. Moreover, the requirement of erection and installation of the dual-polarized antenna is not high, and an antenna tower does not need to be built in a land acquisition manner, for example, only one iron column with the diameter of 20cm can be erected, and the dual-polarized antenna is fixed on the iron column according to the corresponding coverage direction, so that the capital investment can be saved, the layout of the base station is more reasonable, and the site of the base station is easier to select. However, the existing dual-polarized antenna still has certain defects, such as: the existing dual-polarized antenna has complex and single structure and high manufacturing cost, and can not meet the use requirements of various environments, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide a dual polarized antenna, which has a simple structure and a low manufacturing cost, and is applicable to various environments.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a dual-polarized antenna, which comprises a radiation unit, a feed network and a ground plate, wherein the feed network is connected with the ground plate; wherein,
the radiating unit is used for radiating energy to a space and comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, the first oscillator is perpendicular to the second oscillator, the second oscillator is parallel to the ground plate, and the first oscillator is arranged between the second oscillator and the ground plate;
the feed network is used for feeding the first oscillator, and the first oscillator is used for forming a dual-polarized port.
In the above scheme, the first vibrator includes an electric vibrator, the second vibrator includes a magnetic vibrator, and the radiation unit is an electromagnetic coupling vibrator radiation unit.
In the above scheme, the radiation unit includes four first oscillators and one second oscillator, and the four first oscillators are uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle.
In the above scheme, the first oscillator further includes a loading metal wafer and a feeding metal cylinder, the loading metal wafer and the feeding metal cylinder are respectively disposed at two ends of the electric oscillator, and the feeding metal cylinder is vertically mounted on the ground plate.
In the above scheme, the loaded metal wafer is parallel to the second vibrator, and the distance between the loaded metal wafer and the second vibrator is equal to the thickness of the second vibrator.
In the above scheme, the feed network is configured to differentially feed a pair of oscillators formed by two first oscillators corresponding to each other in the four first oscillators;
the four first oscillators are used for forming a + 45-degree polarization port and a-45-degree polarization port.
In the above scheme, the second oscillator is annular and the circumference of the outer ring is equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave.
In the above scheme, the feed network includes a feed-forward network and a feed-backward network fixed on the feed metal cylinder, the feed-forward network is disposed on one side of the ground plate close to the second oscillator, and the feed-backward network is disposed on one side of the ground plate far from the second oscillator.
In the above-mentioned scheme, the dual-polarized antenna further includes a reflecting wall, and the radiation unit, the feed network and the ground plate are all disposed in a space surrounded by the reflecting wall.
In the above scheme, the ground plate is a square metal plate, and the length of the bottom edge of the reflecting wall is equal to the perimeter of the ground plate.
According to the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first oscillator and the second oscillator are arranged, the first oscillator is perpendicular to the second oscillator, the second oscillator is parallel to the ground plate, and the first oscillator is arranged between the second oscillator and the ground plate, so that the dual-polarized antenna has the advantages of simple structure, few elements and low manufacturing cost, the size of the antenna can be reduced by simplifying the structure of the dual-polarized antenna and reducing the use of the elements, and the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can meet the use requirements of various different environments.
In addition, the loaded metal wafer is arranged to be parallel to the second oscillator, and the loaded metal wafer can be used as a director to direct the energy radiated to the space to a radiation target direction, so that the standing-wave ratio of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be improved, and the directivity can be improved; the distance between the loading metal wafer and the second oscillator is equal to the thickness of the second oscillator, so that the energy radiated to the space can be maximized, and the radiation efficiency of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention is improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second oscillator is set to have the circumference of the outer ring equal to the wavelength of the radiation electromagnetic wave, so that the second oscillator can realize low profile on the grounding plate through a magnetic mirror image principle, and the radiation efficiency can be improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the reflection wall is arranged, so that part of electromagnetic waves radiated to the periphery can be reflected to the radiation target direction, and therefore, the standing-wave ratio of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be further improved, and the directivity can be improved.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the feeding networks arranged at the two sides of the grounding plate can conveniently provide protection such as relevant leakage, overcurrent and quick disconnection; the feed network can effectively suppress common-mode current on the surface of the conductor through differential excitation, so that the polarization purity of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a return loss curve diagram of the dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment of the invention, the dual-polarized antenna comprises a radiation unit, a feed network and a ground plate; the radiating unit is used for radiating energy to a space and comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, wherein the first oscillator is perpendicular to the second oscillator, the second oscillator is parallel to the ground plate, and the first oscillator is arranged between the second oscillator and the ground plate; the feed network is used for feeding the first oscillator, and the first oscillator is used for forming a dual-polarized port.
In the dual-polarized antenna, the first oscillator may be an electric oscillator, and the second oscillator may be a magnetic oscillator; accordingly, the radiating element may be an electromagnetically coupled oscillator radiating element.
The radiating unit may include four first oscillators and one second oscillator, and the four first oscillators may be uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle. In practical applications, a plurality of first oscillators are required to be uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle in pairs, so that the number of the first oscillators needs to be an even number, preferably four.
The first oscillator may further include a loading metal wafer and a feeding metal cylinder, the loading metal wafer and the feeding metal cylinder may be respectively disposed at two ends of the first oscillator, and the feeding metal cylinder may be vertically mounted on the ground plate.
The loading metal wafer may be parallel to the second vibrator, and a distance from the loading metal wafer to the second vibrator is equal to a thickness of the second vibrator.
The feed network can feed the oscillator pair formed by two first oscillators corresponding to each other in the four first oscillators differentially, and the four first oscillators can form a + 45-degree polarization port and a-45-degree polarization port. In other words, four first oscillators form two polarized ports, one polarized port is +45 degrees, and the other polarized port is-45 degrees; it can also be said that four of the first elements form two sub-antennas, the two sub-antennas are perpendicular to each other, one sub-antenna is +45 °, and the other sub-antenna is-45 °.
Further, the second oscillator may be a circular ring and a circumference of the outer ring is equal to a wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave.
Further, the feeding network may include a feed-forward network and a feed-backward network fixed to the feeding metal cylinder, the feed-forward network is disposed on a side of the ground plate close to the second oscillator, and the feed-backward network is disposed on a side of the ground plate far from the second oscillator.
Further, the dual-polarized antenna may further include a reflecting wall, and the radiation unit, the feeding network, and the ground plate are disposed in a space surrounded by the reflecting wall.
The ground plate may be a square metal plate, and the length of the bottom edge of the reflective wall is equal to the perimeter of the ground plate.
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a dual-polarized antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the dual-polarized antenna in this embodiment includes a radiating element, a feeding network (not shown), and a ground plate 4; the radiating unit comprises a first vibrator and a second vibrator 2, and the second vibrator 2 can be a magnetic vibrator;
the first vibrator comprises an electric vibrator 1, a loading metal wafer 3 and a feeding metal cylinder 5, wherein the loading metal wafer 3 and the feeding metal cylinder 5 are respectively arranged at two ends of the electric vibrator 1; the second vibrator 2 is parallel to the ground plate 4, and the electric vibrator 1 is arranged between the second vibrator 2 and the ground plate 4 and is vertical to the second vibrator 2; the ground plate 4 is provided with a circular hole 41, and the feed metal cylinder 5 is vertically mounted on the ground plate 4 through the circular hole 41.
The feed network is arranged on the grounding plate 4 and used for feeding the first oscillator, the first oscillator forms a dual-polarized port, and energy is radiated to space through an electromagnetic coupling oscillator radiation unit formed by the first oscillator and the second oscillator 2.
In one embodiment, the loading metal wafer 3 is preferably disposed in parallel with the second element 2, and can be used as a director to direct the energy radiated to the space to the target direction of radiation, thereby improving the standing wave ratio and increasing the directivity of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the loading metal disc 3 is further preferably arranged at a distance equal to the thickness of the second element 2 from the second element 2, and by such arrangement, the energy radiated to the space can be maximized, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first oscillator provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, four first oscillators are uniformly arranged, each first oscillator includes an electric oscillator 1, a loading metal wafer 3, and a feeding metal cylinder 5, where the feeding metal cylinder 5 is vertically installed on a ground plate 4, the loading metal wafer 3 and the feeding metal cylinder 5 are respectively arranged at two ends of the electric oscillator 1, and the loading metal wafer 3 is parallel to the ground plate 4.
Each first oscillator on the grounding plate 4 has variable characteristic impedance and impedance transformation effect, and four first oscillators uniformly arranged can form a dual-polarized port.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second oscillator according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the second oscillator 2 may be a magnetic oscillator and is arranged in a circular ring shape, and the second oscillator 2 arranged in this way is not only simple in structure, but also convenient for connection with other elements.
In one embodiment, the second vibrator 2 is preferably arranged such that the circumference of the outer ring is equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave, which enables the second vibrator 2 to achieve a low profile on the ground plate 4 by the principle of magnetic mirroring and to improve radiation efficiency.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, the radiation unit includes four first oscillators and four second oscillators 2, each of the first oscillators includes an electric oscillator 1, a loading metal wafer 3, and a feeding metal cylinder 5, where the feeding metal cylinder 5 is vertically installed on a ground plate 4, the loading metal wafer 3 and the feeding metal cylinder 5 are respectively disposed at two ends of the electric oscillator 1, and the loading metal wafer 3 is disposed parallel to the ground plate 4. The second vibrator 2 is disposed parallel to the ground plate 4, and the electric vibrator 1 is disposed between the second vibrator 2 and the ground plate 4 and perpendicular to the second vibrator 2. The second element 2 may be a magnetic element, the first element and the second element 2 may form an electromagnetic coupling element radiating unit, and electromagnetic coupling feeding has a broadband characteristic, so that the dual-polarized antenna provided by each embodiment of the present invention can be applied to various wireless communication systems as a base station antenna.
In one embodiment, the four first vibrators are preferably uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle, each first vibrator on the ground plate 4 has variable characteristic impedance and impedance transformation effect, and the four first vibrators can form a +45 ° polarized port and a-45 ° polarized port.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a dual-polarized antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the dual-polarized antenna in this embodiment further includes a reflective wall 7, a feed-forward electric network 6, and a feed-backward electric network 8, compared with the dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
Wherein the radiating element, the feeding network and the ground plane 4 are arranged in a space enclosed by said reflecting wall 7. The reflecting wall 7 can reflect part of the electromagnetic waves radiated to the periphery to the radiation target direction, so that the standing wave ratio of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be further improved, and the directivity can be improved.
As shown in fig. 5, the feeding network further comprises a feed-forward network 6 and a feed-back network 8 fixed on the feeding metal cylinder 5, the feed-forward network 6 is arranged on one side of the grounding plate 4 close to the second oscillator 2, and the feed-back network 8 is arranged on one side of the grounding plate 4 far from the second oscillator 2, and related leakage, overcurrent, quick-break and other protection can be conveniently provided through the arrangement.
In one embodiment, the four first oscillators are preferably uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle, and the feeding network is configured to differentially feed the oscillator pair composed of two first oscillators corresponding to each other among the four first oscillators uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle, so as to form differential excitation. Each first element on the ground plate 4 has variable characteristic impedance and impedance transformation effect, the four first elements can form a + 45-degree polarization port and a-45-degree polarization port, the orthogonality of the + 45-degree polarization and the-45-degree polarization can ensure that the isolation between the + 45-degree and-45-degree two pairs of antennas formed by the four first elements meets the requirement of intermodulation on the antenna spacing, and the space spacing is small, so that the space volume of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention is reduced.
Further, common-mode current on the surface of the conductor can be effectively suppressed through differential excitation, and therefore polarization purity of the dual-polarized antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention can be improved.
In one embodiment, the ground plate 4 is preferably provided as a square metal plate, and the bottom side of the reflecting wall 7 has the same length as the circumference of the ground plate 4.
Fig. 6 shows a return loss curve of a dual-polarized antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the abscissa is frequency and the unit is GHz; the ordinate is the return loss in dB.
The return loss is a parameter indicating the signal reflection performance. The return loss indicates that a portion of the incident power is reflected back to the signal source. The frequency band with return loss less than-10 dB is generally defined as the working frequency band in engineering. Fig. 6 specifically shows a return loss curve of the dual-polarized antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention at an operating frequency band of 2.5-2.65GHz, where the first port is a +45 ° polarized port, the second port is a-45 ° polarized port, a curve S (1,1) shows a return loss of the first port when the second port is matched, and a curve S (2,2) shows a return loss of the second port when the first port is matched.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A dual polarized antenna, characterized in that the antenna comprises a radiating element, a feed network and a ground plate; wherein,
the radiating unit is used for radiating energy to a space and comprises a first oscillator and a second oscillator, the first oscillator is perpendicular to the second oscillator, the second oscillator is parallel to the ground plate, and the first oscillator is arranged between the second oscillator and the ground plate;
the feed network is used for feeding the first oscillator, and the first oscillator is used for forming a dual-polarized port.
2. The dual polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the first element comprises an electric element, the second element comprises a magnetic element, and the radiating element is an electromagnetically coupled element radiating element.
3. The dual polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating element comprises four of the first elements and one of the second elements, the four first elements being uniformly arranged on the circumference of the same circle.
4. The dual polarized antenna of claim 2, wherein the first element further comprises a loading metal disc and a feeding metal cylinder, the loading metal disc and the feeding metal cylinder are respectively disposed at two ends of the electric element, and the feeding metal cylinder is vertically mounted on the ground plate.
5. The dual polarized antenna of claim 4, wherein the loaded metal wafer is parallel to the second element and is spaced from the second element by a distance equal to a thickness of the second element.
6. The dual polarized antenna of claim 3, wherein the feed network is configured to differentially feed a pair of elements formed by two first elements corresponding to each other among the four first elements;
the four first oscillators are used for forming a + 45-degree polarization port and a-45-degree polarization port.
7. The dual polarized antenna of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second element is circular and the perimeter of the outer ring is equal to the wavelength of the radiated electromagnetic wave.
8. The dual polarized antenna of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the feeding network comprises a feed forward network and a feed backward network fixed on the feeding metal cylinder, the feed forward network being disposed on a side of the ground plate close to the second element, the feed backward network being disposed on a side of the ground plate far from the second element.
9. The dual polarized antenna of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising reflective walls, wherein the radiating elements, the feeding network and the ground plane are disposed in a space enclosed by the reflective walls.
10. The dual polarized antenna of claim 9, wherein the ground plane is a square metal plate, and the bottom edge of the reflective wall is equal to the perimeter of the ground plane.
CN201510099048.7A 2015-03-05 2015-03-05 Dual polarization antenna Withdrawn CN105990651A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510099048.7A CN105990651A (en) 2015-03-05 2015-03-05 Dual polarization antenna
PCT/CN2015/090356 WO2016138763A1 (en) 2015-03-05 2015-09-23 Dual-polarized antenna

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201510099048.7A CN105990651A (en) 2015-03-05 2015-03-05 Dual polarization antenna

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WO2020233478A1 (en) * 2019-05-22 2020-11-26 维沃移动通信有限公司 Antenna unit and terminal device

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CN106229668B (en) * 2016-09-27 2023-08-18 华南理工大学 Broadband polarization reconfigurable base station antenna
CN109119753A (en) * 2018-08-29 2019-01-01 国网思极神往位置服务(北京)有限公司 A kind of wideband zero phase center high-precision antenna of butterfly oscillator structure
CN110197950B (en) * 2019-06-06 2024-01-02 昆山瀚德通信科技有限公司 Dual polarized antenna
CN110380188A (en) * 2019-06-27 2019-10-25 无锡凯施智联软件科技有限公司 A kind of ultrathin type high-gain narrow beam antenna and antitheft carpet
CN112003027B (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-06-21 南京国睿防务系统有限公司 SSR general four-unit forming column feeder
CN112054303A (en) * 2020-09-24 2020-12-08 上海增信电子有限公司 Broadband low-profile 4X4 array dual-polarized directional antenna
CN112510373A (en) * 2020-10-30 2021-03-16 西安方元明科技股份有限公司 Log-periodic antenna for receiving front end of jammer
CN112886215A (en) * 2021-03-26 2021-06-01 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司 Antenna, wireless signal processing equipment and unmanned aerial vehicle

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