CN116073113A - Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment - Google Patents

Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116073113A
CN116073113A CN202111298549.XA CN202111298549A CN116073113A CN 116073113 A CN116073113 A CN 116073113A CN 202111298549 A CN202111298549 A CN 202111298549A CN 116073113 A CN116073113 A CN 116073113A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
frequency
radiating
plate
antenna
radiation
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Application number
CN202111298549.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
章秀银
张志杰
廖志强
薛成戴
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111298549.XA priority Critical patent/CN116073113A/en
Publication of CN116073113A publication Critical patent/CN116073113A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The application provides a multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment. The multi-frequency antenna comprises a reflecting plate, a first radiating unit and a second radiating unit, wherein the first radiating unit and the second radiating unit are arranged on one side of the reflecting plate, and the first radiating unit is located between the reflecting plate and the second radiating unit. The first radiating unit comprises a first radiating part and a metal plate, and the metal plate is positioned between the first radiating part and the second radiating unit. The second radiating unit comprises a second radiating part and a metal ring, and the metal ring is positioned between the second radiating part and the metal plate. When adopting above-mentioned structure, can reduce the holistic size of multifrequency antenna, and make possess higher isolation between first frequency channel and the second frequency channel, guarantee that two frequency channels can each independent operation, can satisfy the miniaturized demand of multifrequency antenna common antenna face, antenna job stabilization, efficiency is higher.

Description

Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment.
Background
The evolution of base station antennas towards multiple frequencies, multiple polarizations, to meet the needs of individual operators, or the common needs of multiple operators, is a current trend. However, in the practical implementation process of the conventional multi-frequency antenna, the size of the space between the antennas is generally large in order to meet the requirements of the indicators such as isolation and directional patterns. Once the space between the antennas is small, the mutual influence between the frequency bands becomes significantly large, and the index is significantly deteriorated.
Taking a dual-band antenna as an example, the existing dual-band antenna generally adopts a side-by-side (SBS) arrangement mode, and the distance between radiating oscillators in two frequency bands is generally greater than 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency in the lower frequency band, so that the requirements of isolation degree and directional diagram non-distortion of the two frequency bands can be met. However, this also results in a substantial increase in the width of the antenna array. In order to reduce the size of the dual-band antenna, the radiating element of the dual-band antenna also adopts a wideband design, and two sub-bands are separated by a combiner, so that two independent frequency bands are realized on a port. However, due to the introduction of the combiner and its connection lines, the insertion loss on the signal path increases significantly and passive intermodulation (passive intermodulation, PIM) interference occurs on the transmit signal path, resulting in a reduced signal-to-noise ratio of the overall antenna system.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment to realize the face design of face double-frequency band antenna altogether of critical frequency under the small-size.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a multi-frequency antenna, including a reflecting plate, a first radiating element and a second radiating element, the first radiating element and the second radiating element are disposed on one side of the reflecting plate, and the first radiating element is located between the reflecting plate and the second radiating element. The first radiating unit comprises a first radiating part and a metal plate, and the metal plate is positioned between the first radiating part and the second radiating unit. The second radiating unit comprises a second radiating part and a metal ring, and the metal ring is positioned between the second radiating part and the metal plate.
According to the technical scheme, the first radiating part is used as the radiating functional element of the first radiating unit, corresponds to radiate and receive the first frequency band, the second radiating part is used as the radiating functional element of the second radiating unit, corresponds to radiate and receive the second frequency band, the first radiating part and the second radiating part are arranged in a laminated mode, the whole width of the multi-frequency antenna can be reduced, and the metal plate and the metal ring are arranged between the first radiating part and the second radiating part, wherein the metal plate can be arranged at the far end of the first frequency band to generate a resonant standing wave zero point, the metal ring can be arranged at the near end of the second frequency band to generate a resonant standing wave zero point, so that a higher isolation degree is achieved between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, the isolation degree requirement between the first frequency band and the second frequency band is met, the mutual interference between the first radiating part and the second radiating part is weakened, the first radiating part and the second radiating part are decoupled, the two frequency bands can work independently, and the distance between the first frequency band and the second frequency band can be smaller. In whole, the multifrequency antenna has less width and height, and the overall dimension is less to have higher isolation, can realize the decoupling of temporary frequency band, can regard as temporary frequency dual-frenquency antenna (the isolated bandwidth of two frequency channels is less than 5% antenna array) to use, can satisfy the miniaturized demand of dual-frenquency antenna common antenna face, and does not have PIM and interfere, and antenna job stabilization, efficiency is higher, and manufacturing process is simpler.
In a specific embodiment, the first radiating portion has a first through hole. The second radiation unit further comprises a balun, the second radiation part is arranged on the reflecting plate through the balun, and the balun is connected with the reflecting plate through the first radiation part by the first through hole. The arrangement of the first through holes can realize the coaxial arrangement of the first radiation part and the second radiation part, the overall size of the multi-frequency antenna can be reduced, the existence of the first through holes can generate a resonant standing wave zero point at the near end of the first frequency band, the isolation between the first frequency band and the second frequency band is improved, and the mutual interference between the first frequency band and the second frequency band is weakened.
When the first through hole is specifically formed, the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are arranged in a stacked mode along the first direction, the first direction and the reflecting plate are arranged at an included angle, and the circumference of the first through hole in the section perpendicular to the first direction is larger than 1/10 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency of the radiation frequency band of the first radiation unit. The first frequency band can generate a resonant standing wave zero outside the highest frequency point, namely, a resonant standing wave zero can be generated at the near end of the first frequency band, so that the first frequency band and the second frequency band have higher isolation.
In a specific embodiment, the side walls of the metal plate perpendicular to the first direction have second through holes, through which the balun passes. The coaxial arrangement of the metal plate and the second radiation part can be realized, so that the coaxial arrangement of the first radiation part and the metal plate and the second radiation part can be realized, namely the coaxial arrangement of the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit can be realized, and the overall size of the multi-frequency antenna can be reduced.
In a specific embodiment, the side of the metal plate facing the second radiation portion has an extension plate. The extension plate can increase the reflection area of the metal plate, so that the metal plate has a larger reflection area under the condition of smaller space occupation, and the constraint on the electromagnetic waves of the second frequency band can be enhanced.
When the metal plate is specifically arranged, the height of the extension plate along the first direction is greater than 1/12 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency of the radiation frequency band of the first radiation unit. A resonant standing wave null may be generated at the distal end of the first frequency band, increasing the isolation bandwidth between the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
In a specific embodiment, the metal ring is sleeved outside the balun, and the metal ring is fixedly connected with the second radiation part. The fixing of the metal ring is facilitated.
In a specific embodiment, the circumference of the metal ring in a plane perpendicular to the first direction is greater than 1/2 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the radiating band of the second radiating element. The near end of the second frequency band generates a resonant standing wave zero point, so that the isolation bandwidth between the second frequency band and the first frequency band can be increased, the isolation between the second frequency band and the first frequency band is improved, and the mutual influence between the second frequency band and the first frequency band is weakened.
In a specific embodiment, the second radiating element further comprises a mounting plate, the second radiating portion is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate, and the metal ring is fixedly connected to the other side of the mounting plate. The setting of mounting panel is convenient for the fixed of second radiation portion, also is convenient for the fixed of metal ring.
In a specific embodiment, a feeding pin is disposed on a side of the reflecting plate facing the first radiating portion, and the feeding pin is electrically connected to the first radiating portion. The first radiation part is fed, and the work is stable.
In a specific embodiment, the first direction is perpendicular to the reflective plate. The first radiating element and the second radiating element are vertically stacked along the reflecting plate, so that the antenna is compact in overall structure and small in space occupation.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a communication device, including a radio frequency processing unit and a multi-frequency antenna as described above, where the radio frequency processing unit is electrically connected to the multi-frequency antenna.
According to the technical scheme, the multi-frequency antenna can achieve the design of the temporary-frequency dual-band antenna common antenna surface under the small size, the overall size of the antenna is small, the two frequency bands can work independently, the multi-frequency antenna enables the communication equipment to stably achieve wireless communication on the two frequency bands, when the number of the multi-frequency antennas is multiple, the wireless communication on more than two frequency bands can be stably achieved, and the working efficiency of the communication equipment is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture applicable to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna feed system of a base station according to an embodiment shown in the above drawings;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a front view of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a second radiation unit according to one possible embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an application of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals:
10-antennas; 20-holding pole; 30-an antenna adjustment bracket; 40-radome; 50-a radio frequency processing unit; a 60-signal processing unit;
70-cable wires; 12-a reflecting plate; a 3-feed network; 31-a transmission component; 32-a calibration network; 33-term shifter;
34-combiner; a 35-filter; 100-a first radiating element; 200-a second radiating element; 101-a first radiating portion;
102-a metal plate; 103-a first via; 104-a second through hole; 105-feeding pins; 106-extending the plate; 201-balun;
202-a second radiating portion; 203-a metal ring; 204-mounting plate.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
For ease of understanding, before describing the multifrequency antenna provided in the embodiments of the present application, some concepts related to antennas will be described first:
isolation degree: the ratio of the signal transmitted by one antenna to the signal power received by the other antenna. Certain isolation requirements (the isolation between two frequency bands is usually more than 15 dB) are required to be met between the frequency bands so as to realize independent work of each frequency band;
isolation bandwidth: the difference between the lowest frequency of the high frequency band minus the highest frequency of the low frequency band divided by the center frequency of the spacing band. The smaller the isolation bandwidth between the frequency bands, the smaller the isolation between the frequency bands;
a temporary frequency double-frequency array: an antenna array with isolation bandwidths of less than 5% for two frequency bands.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a system architecture, as shown in fig. 1, applicable to the embodiment of the present application, where a radio access network communication device and a terminal may be included in the system architecture, including, but not limited to, a base station shown in fig. 1. Wireless communication may be implemented between the communication device and the terminal. The communication device may be located in a base station subsystem (base btation bubsystem, BBS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (evolved universal terrestrial radio access, E-UTRAN) for cell coverage of radio signals to enable a connection between a terminal device and a radio frequency end of a radio network. Specifically, the base station may be a base station (base transceiver station, BTS) in a GSM or CDMA system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (cloud radio access network, CRAN) scenario, or a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a base station in a 5G network, or a base station in a PLMN network that evolves in the future, for example, a new radio base station.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structure of an antenna feed system of a base station of one embodiment as shown in the above figures. The antenna feed system of the base station may generally include the structures of an antenna 10, a pole 20, an antenna adjustment bracket 30, and the like. The antenna 10 of the base station includes a radome 40, and the radome 40 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance, and can withstand the influence of external severe environments in terms of mechanical performance, so as to play a role in protecting an antenna system from the external environment. Radome 40 may be mounted to mast 20 or iron tower via antenna adjustment brackets 30 to facilitate the reception or transmission of signals from antenna 10.
In addition, the base station may further include a radio frequency processing unit 50 and a signal processing unit 60. For example, the rf processing unit 50 may be configured to perform frequency selection, amplification and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 10, and convert the signal into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal, and send the intermediate frequency signal or the baseband signal to the signal processing unit 60, or the rf processing unit 50 may be configured to perform up-conversion and amplification processing on the signal processing unit 60 or the intermediate frequency signal, and convert the signal into an electromagnetic wave through the antenna 10 and send the electromagnetic wave. The signal processing unit 60 may be connected to the feeding structure of the antenna 10 through the rf processing unit 50, and is configured to process an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal transmitted by the rf processing unit 50.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the radio frequency processing unit 50 may be integrally provided with the antenna 10, and the signal processing unit 60 is located at the distal end of the antenna 10. In other embodiments, the rf processing unit 50 and the signal processing unit 60 may also be located at the distal end of the antenna 10. The radio frequency processing unit 50 and the signal processing unit 60 may be connected by a cable 70.
More specifically, reference may be made to fig. 2 and fig. 3 together, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application. The antenna 10 of the base station may be connected to the feed network 3. The feed network 3 is typically formed by a controlled impedance transmission line, and the feed network 3 may feed signals to the antenna 10 with a certain amplitude, phase or send received signals to the signal processing unit 60 of the base station with a certain amplitude, phase. In addition, the feed network 3 may implement different radiation beam directives by means of the transmission member 31 or be connected to a calibration network 32 to obtain the calibration signals required by the system. A shifter 33 may be included in the feed network 3 for changing the maximum direction of the antenna signal radiation. A combiner 34 (which can be used to combine signals with different frequencies into one path and transmit the signals through the antenna 10, or can be used to divide the signals received by the antenna 10 into multiple paths according to different frequencies and transmit the multiple paths to the signal processing unit 50 for processing) and a filter 35 (which is used to filter interference signals) and other modules for expanding the performance may be further disposed in the feed network 3.
The antenna is a core component for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves on the base station, and currently, more and more antennas are available on the base station, and the available space is limited, so that a multi-frequency antenna integrating antenna arrays with multiple frequency bands gradually becomes a main development direction of the antenna. In the existing multi-frequency antenna, when the radiation units adopt a Side By Side (SBS) arrangement mode, in order to meet the requirements of isolation of adjacent frequency bands and no distortion of a directional diagram, the distance between the radiation vibrators of the adjacent frequency bands needs to be larger than 0.5 times of the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency of a lower frequency band, so that the width of the antenna array is greatly increased. When the radiating element of the multi-frequency antenna adopts a broadband design, although the size of the antenna is reduced, due to the introduction of a combiner and a connecting wire thereof, the insertion loss on a signal channel can be obviously increased, and a passive intermodulation (passive intermodulation, PIM) signal can be generated on a transmitting signal channel, and the signal can interfere with a receiving end, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the whole antenna system is reduced.
Based on this, the embodiment of the application provides a multi-frequency antenna to realize the co-antenna design of the adjacent-frequency dual-band antenna under the small size.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5 together, fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application, and fig. 5 is a front view of the multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, as one possible embodiment of the present application, the multi-frequency antenna includes a reflection plate 12, a first radiation unit 100, and a second radiation unit 200. The reflecting plate 12 may be referred to as a bottom plate, an antenna panel, or a metal reflecting surface, etc., where the reflecting plate 12 may reflect and collect antenna signals at a receiving point, and the first radiating unit 100 and the second radiating unit 200 may be disposed on one side of the reflecting plate 12, so as to enhance the receiving and transmitting capability of the antenna signals, and in addition, may also function to block and shield interference of other electromagnetic waves from the back surface of the reflecting plate (in this application, the back surface of the reflecting plate 12 refers to the side opposite to the side of the reflecting plate 12 where the first radiating unit 100 and the second radiating unit 200 are disposed) on the antenna signal receiving. In a specific arrangement, the first and second radiating elements 100 and 200 may be stacked in a first direction to reduce the overall width of the multi-frequency antenna. The first direction may be a vertical direction of the reflection plate 12, i.e., the first and second radiation units 100 and 200 may be arranged from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the reflection plate 12. It is understood that the first direction may also be a direction having other angles with the reflective plate 12, for example, the first direction may be a direction having angles of 80 °, 70 ° with the reflective plate 12, etc.
The first radiating unit 100 may include a first radiating part 101 and a metal plate 102, and both the first radiating part 101 and the metal plate 102 may be fixedly connected with the reflecting plate 12. Further, the first radiation portion 101 and the metal plate 102 may be stacked in the first direction, and the metal plate 102 may be located between the first radiation portion 101 and the second radiation unit 200 in the first direction.
As a possible embodiment, the first radiating portion 101 may be a patch antenna, which is a plate-shaped directional antenna, has a radiating function, and occupies a small space. The patch antenna can be manufactured into a structural form of a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB), and particularly can comprise a metal layer and a dielectric layer, wherein the metal layer is fixed on the dielectric layer, and the metal layer realizes a radiation function.
In a specific arrangement, the first radiation portion 101 may be fed by the feeding pin 105, the feeding pin 105 may be fixed on a side of the reflection plate 12 facing the first radiation portion 101, and the feeding pin 105 is electrically connected to the first radiation portion 101. In practical applications, the feeding pin 105 may be an L-shaped feeding pin, so as to implement single-polarized differential feeding. The number of the feeding pins 105 may be four, and the first radiation portion 101 may be fed together, so that four-point feeding may be realized, and feeding may be performed corresponding to two polarizations.
The feeding needle 105 may not only feed the first radiation portion 101, but also play a role of supporting the first radiation portion 101, that is, the first radiation portion 101 may be fixedly connected with the reflecting plate 12 through the feeding needle 105, and at this time, the first radiation portion 101 and the feeding needle 105 may be electrically connected through direct contact. Of course, the first radiation portion 101 and the feeding pin 105 may be electrically connected in a coupling manner, and at this time, the first radiation portion 101 and the feeding pin 105 are not directly contacted, and a gap exists between them, and the first radiation portion 101 may be fixedly connected with the reflecting plate 12 through other non-conductive structural members.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 shows a structural split schematic of fig. 4. As shown in fig. 6, in an implementation, the first radiation portion 101 may have a first through hole 103, and the first through hole 103 may be located at a central region of the first radiation portion 101. For the purpose of describing the function of the first through hole 103, the configuration of the second radiation element and the arrangement relationship of the second radiation element and the first radiation portion 101 will be described basically: the second radiation unit may include a balun 201 and a second radiation portion 202, the second radiation portion 202 may be connected to the balun 201, and the balun 201 may be connected to the reflection plate 12 through the first radiation portion 101 by the first through hole 103, whereby the second radiation portion 202 is connected to the reflection plate 12. The arrangement can realize the coaxial arrangement of the first radiation part 101 and the second radiation part 202 on the basis of the laminated arrangement of the first radiation part 101 and the second radiation part 202, so that the overall size of the multi-frequency antenna is further reduced. It should be noted that the coaxial arrangement described herein is intended to illustrate that the balun 201 connected to the second radiation portion 202 passes through the first radiation portion 101, and is not limited to the balun 201 having to be connected to the central region of the second radiation portion 202, nor to the balun 201 having to pass through the central region of the first radiation portion 101.
When the first through hole 103 is specifically provided, the shape of the first through hole 103 may be a circle, or may also be various regular or irregular polygons, or the like, and specifically may be adaptively adjusted according to actual needs, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
The perimeter of the first through hole 103 in a section perpendicular to the first direction may be greater than 1/10λ 1 Wherein lambda is 1 The wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the radiation frequency band of the first radiation unit 100, that is, the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the first frequency band, can enable the first frequency band to generate a resonant standing wave zero outside the highest frequency point, that is, generate a resonant standing wave zero at the near end of the first frequency band. Defining the perimeter of the cross section of the first through hole 103 as a, when actually arranged, optionally 1/10λ 1 ＜a＜2λ 1 . Illustratively, a may be λ 1 . The near end refers to the section where two working frequency bands are close to each otherThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For the first frequency band, the near end is near the high frequency band of the first frequency band. In addition, the application relates to the near end of the second frequency band, and for the second frequency band, the near end is close to the low frequency band of the second frequency band.
As one possible embodiment, the metal plate 102 may be made of a metal material. Alternatively, the plate body structure of the metal plate 102 may be made of a nonmetallic material, and in this case, the outer surface of the plate body structure is plated with a metal layer. The metal plate 102 may be fixedly coupled to the reflective plate 12 by a non-conductive structural member.
In a specific implementation, the side of the metal plate 102 facing the second radiation portion 202 may be provided with an extension plate 106, so that the reflection area of the metal plate 102 is increased, and thus the metal plate 102 has a larger reflection area with a smaller space occupation. The metal plate 102 may be disposed perpendicular to the first direction, and the extending direction of the extending plate 106 may be perpendicular to the metal plate 102, and it is exemplified in fig. 6 that the metal plate 102 and the extending plate 106 are integrally formed in a rectangular parallelepiped structure without a top wall in the first direction, that is, the metal plate 102 and the extending plate 106 are integrally formed in a rectangular parallelepiped structure with an opening at the top in the first direction. The metal plate 102 and the extension plate 106 may have a square structure or a cylindrical structure with an opening at the top. As shown in fig. 6, the bottom wall of the metal plate 102 in the first direction may have a second through hole 104, the second through hole 104 may be located in a central area of the bottom wall of the metal plate 102, and the balun 201 may pass through the metal plate 102 from the second through hole 104, so that coaxial arrangement of the metal plate 102 and the second radiation portion 202 may be achieved. In combination with the above, the embodiment of the present application may implement coaxial arrangement of the first radiation portion 101 and the metal plate 102 with the second radiation portion 202, that is, may implement coaxial arrangement of the first radiation unit 100 and the second radiation unit 200. Thus, the first radiating element 100 and the second radiating element 200 can be stacked and coaxially arranged, and the overall size of the multi-frequency antenna is small. It will be appreciated that the metal plate 102 may be provided with a plurality of extension plates 106 along the circumferential direction, and the adjacent extension plates 106 may be connected to each other, and the metal plate 102 and the extension plates 106 may be integrally formed as a rectangular parallelepiped without a top wall, or the adjacent extension plates 106 may not be connected to each other. It will be appreciated that the extension plate 106 may be unfolded to be at a small angle or level with the metal plate 102, and that, illustratively, the extension plate 106 may be unfolded to be level with the metal plate 102, with the metal plate 102 and the extension plate 106 being generally planar.
In practical use, on the one hand, the metal plate 102 may serve as a director of the first radiation portion 101, and by configuring the dimensions of the metal plate 102 and the extension plate 106, a resonant standing wave zero point may be generated at the distal end of the first frequency band, so as to increase the isolation bandwidth between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, and improve the isolation between the first frequency band and the second frequency band. Illustratively, the height of the extension plate 106 in the first direction may be greater than 1/12λ 1 I.e. the height of the extension plate 106 may be greater than 1/12 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the first frequency band, so that a resonant standing wave zero may be generated at the distal end of the first frequency band. Defining the height of the extension plate 106 in the first direction as b, optionally 1/12 lambda when actually arranged 1 ＜b＜1/4λ 1 . Illustratively, b may be 1/8λ 1 . It will be appreciated that in one embodiment, the height of the extension board 106 along the first direction may be slightly larger, or in another embodiment, when the height of the extension board 106 along the first direction is slightly smaller, then the width of the metal board 102 along the first direction may be appropriately increased, so as to ensure that a resonant standing wave zero may be generated at the distal end of the first frequency band, to function as an increase of the isolation bandwidth between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, and the height of the extension board 106 and the width of the metal board 102 may be flexibly configured according to simulation or practical test effects. On the other hand, the metal plate 102 may also be used as an auxiliary reflection plate of the second radiation portion 202, so as to restrict the electromagnetic wave radiation of the second radiation portion 202 from omnidirectional to be directional, thereby further improving the isolation between the first frequency band and the second frequency band; the extension plate 106 may also serve as an auxiliary reflection plate for the second radiation portion 202, and may further strengthen the confinement of electromagnetic waves in the second radiation portion 202.
With the above basic description of the second radiating element, the second radiating element is described in detail below, and referring again to fig. 4 and 5, the second radiating element 200 may include a metallic ring 203 in addition to the balun 201 and the second radiating portion 202. One end of the balun 201 may be fixedly connected to the reflection plate 12, and the other end of the balun 201 may be fixedly connected to the second radiation portion 202. The balun 201 may serve as a feed structure to transmit electrical signals to the second radiating section 202 and to transmit electrical signals from the second radiating section 202 to back-end equipment. The metal ring 203 is located between the second radiation portion 202 and the metal plate 102 in the first direction, and the metal ring 203 may be fixedly connected with the balun 201 or the second radiation portion 202.
As a possible embodiment, the second radiating portion 202 may be a half-wave element antenna, which is used as a radiating functional element of the second radiating element 200, and corresponds to radiating and receiving the second frequency band. Alternatively, the second radiation portion 202 may be a patch antenna.
In a specific implementation, the metal ring 203 may be made of a metal material. Alternatively, the annular structure of the metal ring 203 may be made of a non-metal material, and in this case, the outer surface of the annular structure is plated with a metal layer. The metal ring 203 is sleeved outside the balun 201, the metal ring 203 can be directly connected to the second radiation portion 202, or can be fixedly connected with the second radiation portion 202 through a non-conductive structural member, that is, the metal ring 203 and the second radiation portion 202 can be fixed in relative position through the non-conductive structural member. The metal ring 203 may be fixedly connected to the balun 201 by a non-conductive structural member, or the metal ring 203 may be fixedly connected to the reflecting plate 12 by a non-conductive structural member.
In practical applications, the plane of the metal ring 203 may be perpendicular to the first direction. The size of the metal ring 203 is adjusted, the circumference of the plane perpendicular to the first direction of the metal ring 203 may be greater than 1/2 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the radiation frequency band of the second radiation unit 200, that is, the circumference of the metal ring 203 may be greater than 1/2 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest operating frequency of the second frequency band, so that a resonant standing wave zero point is generated at the near end of the second frequency band, thereby increasing the isolation bandwidth between the second frequency band and the first frequency band, improving the isolation between the second frequency band and the first frequency band, weakening the interaction between the second frequency band and the first frequency band, and further weakening the mutual interference between the second radiation portion 202 and the first radiation portion 101, so as to decouple the first radiation portion 101 from the second radiation portion 202.
In combination with the above-described structure of the first radiation unit 100, the first radiation unit 100 and the second radiation unit 200 may be stacked in the first direction, the first radiation portion 101 and the metal plate 102 of the first radiation unit 100 may be stacked in the first direction, and the metal plate 102 may be located between the first radiation portion 101 and the second radiation portion 202 of the second radiation unit 200 in the first direction.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second radiating element of a multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 7, as a possible embodiment, the second radiation unit may further include a mounting plate 204 on the basis of the above embodiments, the mounting plate 204 may be fixedly connected to the balun 201, and the second radiation portion 202 may be fixedly connected to the mounting plate 204, thereby realizing the fixed connection of the second radiation portion 202 and the balun 201. Illustratively, the mounting plate 204 is fixedly connected to the balun 201, and a first side of the mounting plate 204 faces away from the first radiating element, a second side of the mounting plate 204 faces the first radiating element, the second radiating portion 202 may be fixedly connected to the first side of the mounting plate 204, and the metal ring 203 may be fixedly connected to the second side of the mounting plate 204.
In a specific implementation, the mounting board 204 may be a PCB, and the second radiating portion 202 is electrically connected to the balun 201 through the mounting board 204, and in actual use, the second radiating portion 202 is fed through the balun 201 and the mounting board 204. At this time, the second radiating portion 202 may be integrated on the mounting board 204, with the second radiating portion 202 being a part of the PCB. Similarly, the metal ring 203 may also be integrated on the mounting plate 204.
The shape of the mounting plate 204 may be rectangular or square, or may be circular or elliptical, and the specific shape may be adaptively set according to the size of the second radiation portion 202. For example, fig. 7 shows a case where the number of the second radiation portions 202 is two, and the two second radiation portions 202 are disposed perpendicular to each other, wherein each of the second radiation portions 202 may include two radiation arms that are butted against each other. When the lengths of the two second radiation portions 202 are equal, the shape of the mounting plate 204 may be square, the two second radiation portions 202 may be disposed in parallel with two sides of the mounting plate 204 perpendicular to each other, respectively, or the two second radiation portions 202 may be disposed along two diagonal lines of the mounting plate 204, respectively; alternatively, the shape of the mounting plate 204 may be circular, and the two second radiation portions 202 may be respectively disposed along two diameters of the mounting plate 204 perpendicular to each other. When the lengths of the two second radiation portions 202 are not equal, the shape of the mounting plate 204 may be rectangular, and the two second radiation portions 202 may be respectively disposed parallel to two sides perpendicular to each other of the mounting plate 204, which is shown in fig. 7; alternatively, the shape of the mounting plate 204 may be elliptical, and the two second radiation portions 202 may be disposed along two axes perpendicular to each other of the mounting plate 204, respectively.
The shape of the metal ring 203 is not limited to a circular ring shape, and may be a closed loop structure having a non-circular shape. For example, the shape of the metal ring 203 may be the same as or similar to the shape of the mounting plate 204, and when the mounting plate 204 is square, the metal ring 203 may also be square. Illustratively, the cross-sectional dimension of the metallic ring 203 in the first direction may be approximately 0.5-1.5 times the cross-sectional dimension of the mounting plate 204 in the first direction. Fig. 7 shows that the shape of the metal ring 203 is the same as the shape of the mounting plate 204, and that the size of the metal ring 203 is slightly smaller than the size of the mounting plate 204.
In combination with the above, in the multi-frequency antenna according to the embodiment of the present application, the first radiation portion is used as a radiation functional element of the first radiation unit, and corresponds to radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves in the first frequency band, and the second radiation portion is used as a radiation functional element of the second radiation unit, and corresponds to radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves in the second frequency band. The first radiation part and the second radiation part are arranged in a lamination manner, so that the whole width of the multi-frequency antenna can be reduced, and the first radiation part and the second radiation part are coaxially arranged, so that the whole size of the multi-frequency antenna can be further reduced. And be provided with metal sheet and metal ring between first radiation portion and the second radiation portion, wherein, as shown in fig. 8 (in the figure, the horizontal axis represents the frequency, and the vertical axis represents the decibel value), the setting of metal sheet can produce a resonant standing wave zero point in the distal end of first frequency channel, the setting of metal ring can produce a resonant standing wave zero point in the proximal end of second frequency channel for possess higher isolation between first frequency channel and the second frequency channel, can satisfy the isolation requirement between first frequency channel and the second frequency channel, the mutual interference of first radiation portion and second radiation portion weakens, realizes that first radiation portion and second radiation portion decouple, guarantees that two frequency channels can each independent operation, can regard as the dual-frenquency antenna of temporary frequency. In addition, the existence of the first through hole can additionally enable the first frequency band to generate a resonant standing wave zero outside the highest frequency point, namely, the resonant standing wave zero can be generated at the near end of the first frequency band, so that the passband of the first frequency band is steeper, and the isolation between the first frequency band and the second frequency band can be further improved.
In the multi-frequency antenna of the embodiment of the present application, for example, the first frequency band corresponding to the first radiating element may be 698-803MHz, and the second frequency band corresponding to the second radiating element may be 824-960MHz. The isolation bandwidth of the two frequency bands is less than 5%, and the requirement of the adjacent frequency dual-frequency array is met. In addition, as shown in fig. 9 (the horizontal axis in the figure represents frequency, and the vertical axis represents decibel value), the arrangement of the metal plate and the metal ring can make homopolar isolation and heteropolar isolation of two frequency bands more ideal, and the isolation of the two frequency bands can reach more than 15dB, so that the two frequency bands can work independently. Overall, the multi-frequency antenna of the embodiment of the application has smaller size, higher isolation, realization of decoupling of a temporary frequency band, capability of meeting the requirement of miniaturization of the common antenna surface of the multi-frequency antenna, no PIM interference, higher antenna efficiency, simpler process and lower cost.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an application of the multi-frequency antenna according to one possible embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 10, when the base station provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a plurality of multi-frequency antennas, the plurality of multi-frequency antennas may be tiled. Fig. 10 illustrates a case of a tiled arrangement of two multi-frequency antennas. It will be appreciated that each multifrequency antenna may have a separate reflector plate 12, or that multiple multifrequency antennas may share a reflector plate 12.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application.

Claims (12)

1. The utility model provides a multifrequency antenna, its characterized in that includes the reflecting plate, and set up in first radiating element and the second radiating element of reflecting plate one side, first radiating element is located between the reflecting plate with the second radiating element, wherein:
the first radiating unit comprises a first radiating part and a metal plate, and the metal plate is positioned between the first radiating part and the second radiating unit;
the second radiating element includes a second radiating portion and a metal ring located between the second radiating portion and the metal plate.
2. The multi-frequency antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first radiating portion has a first through hole;
the second radiation unit further comprises a balun, the second radiation portion is arranged on the reflecting plate through the balun, and the balun is connected with the reflecting plate through the first radiation portion by the first through hole.
3. The multi-frequency antenna of claim 2, wherein the first radiating element and the second radiating element are stacked along a first direction, the first direction being disposed at an angle to the reflector plate;
the perimeter of the cross section of the first through hole perpendicular to the first direction is larger than 1/10 of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest working frequency of the first radiation unit.
4. A multi-frequency antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein the metal plate has a second through hole, the balun passing through the metal plate by the second through hole.
5. The multi-frequency antenna according to claim 4, wherein a side of the metal plate facing the second radiation portion has an extension plate.
6. The multi-frequency antenna of claim 5, wherein a height of the extension plate along the first direction is greater than 1/12 of a wavelength corresponding to a lowest operating frequency of the first radiating element.
7. The multi-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the metal ring is sleeved outside the balun, and the metal ring is fixedly connected with the second radiation portion.
8. The multi-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a circumference of the metal ring in a plane perpendicular to the first direction is greater than 1/2 of a wavelength corresponding to a lowest operating frequency of the second radiating element.
9. The multi-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second radiating element further comprises a mounting plate, the second radiating portion is fixedly connected to one side of the mounting plate, and the metal ring is fixedly connected to the other side of the mounting plate.
10. The multi-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a feeding pin is provided at a side of the reflecting plate facing the first radiating portion, and the feeding pin is electrically connected to the first radiating portion.
11. The multifrequency antenna of any one of claims 3 to 10, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the reflecting plate.
12. A communication device comprising a radio frequency processing unit and a multi-frequency antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11, said radio frequency processing unit being electrically connected to said multi-frequency antenna.
CN202111298549.XA 2021-11-04 2021-11-04 Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment Pending CN116073113A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111298549.XA CN116073113A (en) 2021-11-04 2021-11-04 Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111298549.XA CN116073113A (en) 2021-11-04 2021-11-04 Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116073113A true CN116073113A (en) 2023-05-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111298549.XA Pending CN116073113A (en) 2021-11-04 2021-11-04 Multi-frequency antenna and communication equipment

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN116073113A (en)

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