CN105987544A - Absorption heat pump and evaporator and method thereof - Google Patents

Absorption heat pump and evaporator and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105987544A
CN105987544A CN201610488254.1A CN201610488254A CN105987544A CN 105987544 A CN105987544 A CN 105987544A CN 201610488254 A CN201610488254 A CN 201610488254A CN 105987544 A CN105987544 A CN 105987544A
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China
Prior art keywords
working medium
absorbent solution
absorption
heat
chamber
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CN201610488254.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
苏庆泉
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Beijing Lianliyuan Technology Co Ltd
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
Beijing Lianliyuan Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610488254.1A priority Critical patent/CN105987544A/en
Publication of CN105987544A publication Critical patent/CN105987544A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/02—Evaporators
    • F25B39/026—Evaporators specially adapted for sorption type systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
    • F25B2339/021—Evaporators in which refrigerant is sprayed on a surface to be cooled
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an absorption heat pump and an evaporator and a method thereof. The evaporator of the absorption heat pump comprises a flashing cavity, an evaporation heat exchanger, an evaporator condensation working medium spraying pipeline, an evaporator condensation working medium spraying pump and an evaporator condensation working medium spraying device, wherein the evaporation heat exchanger is arranged outside the flashing cavity, the evaporator condensation working medium spraying pipeline is connected to the cold fluid side of the evaporation heat exchanger, the evaporator condensation working medium spraying pump arranged on the evaporator condensation working medium spraying pipeline conveys working media inside the flashing cavity to the evaporator condensation working medium spraying device through the evaporator condensation working medium spraying pipeline after the working media undergo heat exchange by the evaporation heat exchanger, the evaporator condensation working medium spraying device sprays the working media into the flashing cavity, and parts of the working media become steam inside the flashing cavity in a flashing mode. According to the absorption heat pump and the evaporator and the method thereof, the heat transfer and mass transfer process of evaporation of the condensation working media of the evaporator can be reinforced, and the size of the evaporator can be reduced.

Description

Absorption heat pump and vaporizer thereof and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cycle operation field of Thermal Power Engineering, particularly to a kind of absorption heat pump and vaporizer thereof and method.
Background technology
Absorption heat pump, including absorption system, first-class absorption type heat pump system, second-kind absorption-type heat pump system and the absorption heat pump of other forms, it it is that a kind of utilization heat is as driving force, it is achieved the blood circulation that heat is pumped to high temperature heat source from low-temperature heat source.It is the efficient apparatus recycling low-temperature heat energy, has and save the energy, the dual function of protection environment.As it is shown in figure 1, absorption heat pump generally includes the parts such as vaporizer 100, absorber 200, generator 300, condenser 400, heat exchanger, pipeline and canned motor pump.Wherein, connected by the first refrigerant vapor passage 700 between vaporizer 100 with absorber 200, connected by the second refrigerant vapor passage 800 between generator 300 with condenser 400, it is provided with evaporating heat exchanger 102 in the evaporation chamber 101 of vaporizer 100, it is provided with absorption heat-exchange device 202 in the absorption chamber 201 of absorber 200, it is provided with generation heat exchanger 302 in the generation chamber 301 of generator 300, in the condensing chamber 401 of condenser 400, is provided with condensing heat exchanger 402.Evaporator condensation working medium, absorber absorbent solution, generator absorbent solution and condenser refrigerant vapor carry out heat exchange with outside evaporation thermal source, absorption thermal source, generation thermal source and condensation thermal source respectively by evaporating heat exchanger 102, absorption heat-exchange device 202, generation heat exchanger 302 and condensing heat exchanger 402.The heat exchanger entrance produced when heat release or heat absorption according to thermal source and the temperature difference of outlet, the thermal source used can be divided into temperature-variable heat source and constant temperature thermal source, generally, the heat exchanger entrance of thermal source and the temperature difference of the outlet thermal source less than 3 DEG C can be considered that the temperature difference of constant temperature thermal source, heat exchanger entrance and the outlet thermal source more than 3 DEG C is then temperature-variable heat source.In existing absorption heat pump, the evaporating heat exchanger 102 of vaporizer 100 is located in the evaporation chamber 101 of vaporizer 100, and condensation working medium is carried out heating evaporation.The evaporating heat exchanger 102 of existing absorption heat pump is owing to using pipe shell type heat exchange, it is difficult to improves heat transfer intensity and reduces heat transfer temperature difference, thus causes the volume of vaporizer to increase and cost increase.
In order to solve the problem that above-mentioned existing absorption heat pump vaporizer exists, evaporating heat exchanger is moved to evaporate the outside of chamber by the present invention, carry out spraying flash distillation by the condensation working medium of vaporizer flash chamber in vaporizer after described evaporating heat exchanger with evaporation thermal source heat exchange by evaporator condensation working medium spray pump, with the heat and mass transfer process of notable strengthening condensation working medium evaporation.Under conditions of thermic load is certain, the biggest required condensation working medium spray flow of alternating temperature amplitude of evaporation thermal source is the least, and the power needed for described evaporator condensation working medium spray pump is the least.Therefore, present invention is particularly suitable for the absorption heat pump of the evaporation thermal source using alternating temperature amplitude big.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides the vaporizer of a kind of absorption heat pump, main purpose is the heat and mass transfer process of enhanced water evaporation device condensation working medium evaporation, thus reduces the volume of vaporizer, and makes the shape and size of vaporizer can be designed according to the concrete condition of erecting bed.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, present invention generally provides following technical scheme:
On the one hand, embodiments provide the vaporizer of a kind of absorption heat pump, including flash chamber, evaporating heat exchanger, evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, evaporator condensation working medium spray pump and evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment, described evaporating heat exchanger is located at outside flash chamber, described evaporating heat exchanger and evaporator condensation working medium spray pump are located on described evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, working medium in flash chamber is delivered to evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment by evaporator condensation working medium spray piping after evaporating heat exchanger heat exchange by the evaporator condensation working medium spray pump being located on evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, working medium is sprayed in flash chamber by described evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment, the flash distillation in described flash chamber of described working medium is steam.
As preferably, described evaporating heat exchanger is contra-flow heat exchanger.
As preferably, the container body forming flash chamber is cylindrical shape.
nullOn the one hand，Embodiments provide a kind of absorption heat pump，Including vaporizer、Absorber、Generator and condenser，The flash chamber of described vaporizer and the absorption chamber of absorber are by the first refrigerant vapor channel connection，The condensing chamber of described condenser and the absorbent solution spray chamber of generator are by the second refrigerant vapor channel connection，Connected by the first solution circulating line and the second solution circulating line between described generator and absorber，Absorbent solution is delivered to the absorption chamber of absorber by described first solution circulating line by the absorbent solution flash chamber of generator，Absorbent solution is delivered to generator by absorber by described second solution circulating line，Described first solution circulating line and the second solution circulating line are provided with solution heat exchanger，In first solution circulating line and the second solution circulating line, the absorbent solution of conveying carries out heat exchange by solution heat exchanger，Described vaporizer and condenser are connected by working medium pipeline，Working medium in described condenser is delivered to vaporizer by described working medium pipeline，Described vaporizer is the vaporizer described in above-described embodiment.
As preferably, described vaporizer and described absorber share same container body, the flash chamber of vaporizer is formed at the top of described container body inner cavity chamber, the absorption chamber of absorber is formed at bottom, the top of the flash chamber of described vaporizer is located at by described evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment, the bottom of described flash chamber is provided with working medium receptor, described working medium receptor is connected with evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, forms the first refrigerant vapor passage between outer wall and the inwall of flash chamber of described working medium receptor.More preferably, described container body is cylindrical shape.
As preferably, described flash chamber includes first paragraph and second segment, wherein the internal diameter of first paragraph is less than the internal diameter of second segment, second segment is located at by described working medium receptor, first paragraph is located at by described evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment, and the diameter of described working medium receptor is more than or equal to the internal diameter of the first paragraph of flash chamber.
As preferably, the lower end of described first paragraph is provided with working medium flow-guiding structure, and the working medium on described first paragraph inwall is imported in working medium receptor by described working medium flow-guiding structure.
As preferably, described working medium flow-guiding structure is working medium deflector, and described working medium deflector is downwardly extended by the lower end of described first paragraph and forms, and described working medium deflector stretches into the space below first paragraph.
As preferably, described working medium pipeline is connected with evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment.
As preferably, described absorber includes absorption chamber, absorption heat-exchange device and the first absorbent solution spray equipment, described absorption heat-exchange device is located at outside absorption chamber, the first absorbent solution spray piping it is provided with outside described absorption chamber, described absorption heat-exchange device is located on the first absorbent solution spray piping, described first absorbent solution spray piping connects absorption chamber and the first absorbent solution spray equipment, described first absorbent solution spray piping is provided with the first absorbent solution spray pump, absorbent solution in absorption chamber is delivered to the first absorbent solution spray equipment by the first absorbent solution spray piping after absorption heat-exchange device heat exchange by the first absorbent solution spray pump, absorbent solution is sprayed in absorption chamber by described first absorbent solution spray equipment, described absorbent solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor that described vaporizer produces.
As preferably, described absorption heat-exchange device is contra-flow heat exchanger.
As preferably, described first solution circulating line connects described first absorbent solution spray equipment.
As preferably, described condenser includes condensing chamber, condensing heat exchanger, condenser condensation working medium spray equipment, condenser condensation working medium spray piping and condenser condensation working medium spray pump, described condenser condensation working medium spray equipment is located in condensing chamber, described condenser condensation working medium spray piping is located at outside condensing chamber, described condensing heat exchanger and condenser condensation working medium spray pump are located on the condenser condensation working medium spray piping being positioned at outside condensing chamber, described condenser condensation working medium spray pump is delivered to condenser condensation working medium spray equipment after the condensation working medium in condensing chamber is condensed the condensed heat exchanger of working medium spray piping by condenser, condenser condensation working medium spray piping is connected with the hot-fluid side of described condensing heat exchanger, the cold flow side of cooling heat exchanger is connected with condensation heating agent pipeline.
As preferably, described condensing heat exchanger is contra-flow heat exchanger,
As preferably, the container body forming condensing chamber is cylindrical shape.
As preferably, described generator and described condenser share same container body, the condensing chamber that top is condenser of described container body inner cavity chamber, the absorbent solution flash chamber of generator is formed at the bottom of described container body inner cavity chamber, the bottom of described condensing chamber is provided with condensation working medium receptor, the second refrigerant vapor passage is formed between outer wall and the inwall of described container body of described condensation working medium receptor, described condensation working medium receptor is connected with working medium pipeline, the condensing heat exchanger of described condenser is connected with condensation heating agent pipeline, condensation heating agent carries out heat exchange by condensing heat exchanger, absorb working medium condensation heat.
As preferably, the container body that described generator and described condenser share is cylindrical vessel body.
As preferably, described condensing chamber includes first paragraph and second segment, wherein the internal diameter of first paragraph is less than the internal diameter of second segment, second segment is located at by condensation working medium receptor, first paragraph is located at by condenser condensation working medium spray equipment, and the diameter of condensation working medium receptor is more than or equal to the internal diameter of the first paragraph of flash chamber.
As preferably, the lower end of the first paragraph of described condensing chamber is provided with condensation working medium flow-guiding structure, and the condensation working medium on first paragraph inwall is imported in condensation working medium receptor by condensation working medium flow-guiding structure.
As preferably, described condensation working medium flow-guiding structure is condensation working medium deflector, and condensation working medium deflector is downwardly extended by the lower end of first paragraph and forms, and condensation working medium deflector stretches into the space below first paragraph.
As preferably, described generator includes absorbent solution flash chamber, there is heat exchanger and the second absorbent solution spray equipment, heat exchanger is occurred to be located at the outside of absorbent solution flash chamber, top in absorbent solution flash chamber is provided with the second absorbent solution spray equipment, second absorbent solution spray equipment is connected with the second absorbent solution spray piping being located at outside absorbent solution flash chamber, absorbent solution in absorbent solution flash chamber is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment and sprays by the second absorbent solution spray piping, second absorbent solution spray piping is provided with the second absorbent solution spray pump, second absorbent solution spray piping is connected with the cold flow side that heat exchanger occurs, the heating agent pipeline that occurs that thermal source occurs is connected with the hot-fluid side that heat exchanger occurs.
As preferably, described generation heat exchanger is contra-flow heat exchanger.
As preferably, described generator also includes equipment for separating liquid from solid, when absorbent in absorbent solution in the absorbent solution flash chamber of described generator crystallizes, described absorbent solution is separated into containing absorbent crystallization and the two parts without absorbent crystallization by described equipment for separating liquid from solid, wherein the absorbent solution without absorbent crystallization is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment through the second absorbent solution spray piping, and the absorbent solution containing absorbent crystallization is delivered in absorber by the first solution circulating line.
As preferably, described equipment for separating liquid from solid includes:
Liquid barrier, it is connected with the internal face of the container body of the formation absorbent solution flash chamber of generator, forming interlayer between the absorbent solution flash chamber internal face of liquid barrier and generator, the absorbent solution in absorbent solution flash chamber is entered in interlayer by the interlayer entrance of the lower end of liquid barrier；
Overflow launder, in the outside wall surface of the container body being formed at generator, for accommodating by the absorbent solution overflowed in interlayer；
Overfall, on the sidewall of the container body being opened in generator, overfall connection interlayer and overflow launder；
Second absorbent solution spray piping connects with overflow launder, and the first solution circulating line connects with the bottom of absorbent solution flash chamber；Wherein
When the absorbent of absorbent solution crystallizes, the bottom of generator is fallen in absorbent crystallization along the container body internal face of liquid barrier and generator, the absorbent crystallization falling bottom is delivered to absorber with absorbent solution by the first solution circulating line, absorbent solution is entered in interlayer by liquid barrier lower end, interlayer internal upper part divides the absorbent solution not containing absorbent crystallization to enter overflow launder from overfall, and is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment by the second absorbent solution spray piping.
As preferably, the cross section of the bottom of the absorbent solution flash chamber of described generator is gradually reduced, and in infundibulate, described liquid barrier is obliquely installed.
As preferably, the container body of the formation absorbent solution flash chamber of described generator is cylindrical shape.
As preferably, described absorption heat pump is second-kind absorption-type heat pump, and described second solution circulating line is provided with choke valve, and described choke valve is located between absorber and described solution heat exchanger.Thus can avoid causing choke valve Crystallization Plugging due to absorbent solution cooling.
On the other hand, a kind of absorption heat pump cycle method is embodiments provided, including vaporizer link, absorber link, generator link and condenser link, wherein
Vaporizer link, working medium in the flash chamber of vaporizer exports via evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, the condensation working medium of evaporator condensation working medium spray piping conveying is by being located at the evaporating heat exchanger outside flash chamber and evaporation heating agent heat exchange, the evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment being delivered to be positioned at the flash chamber of vaporizer from the working medium of evaporation heating agent absorption heat sprays, a part for the working medium sprayed out flash distillation in flash chamber is refrigerant vapor, and described refrigerant vapor is transported in absorber；
Absorber link, absorbent solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor that vaporizer generates the absorption heat discharging high temperature, and described absorption heat exports to outside by flowing through the absorption heating agent of absorption heat-exchange device, and the absorbent solution in absorber is transported in generator；
Generator link, by there is heat exchanger and heating agent heat exchange occurring in absorbent solution, after absorbing the heat that thermal source occurs, a part of working medium in absorbent solution is converted into steam, and the absorbent solution after evaporation and concentration is delivered to absorber；
Condenser link, the refrigerant vapor producing generator carries out condensation absorption condensation heat, and described condensation heat is taken away by the condensation heating agent flowing through condensing heat exchanger；The condensation working medium condensing formation within the condenser is transported to vaporizer via working medium pipeline.
As preferably, described absorber link, absorbent solution in the absorption chamber of absorber exports via the first absorbent solution spray piping, the absorbent solution of the first absorbent solution spray piping conveying is delivered to be positioned at the first absorbent solution spray equipment of the absorption chamber of absorber after absorption heat-exchange device heat exchange and sprays, the absorbent solution sprayed out absorbs the refrigerant vapor that vaporizer generates the absorption heat discharging high temperature in absorption chamber, and the described absorption heating agent absorbing the heat cold flow side by absorption heat-exchange device exports to outside.
As preferably, generator the absorbent solution carried is delivered to the first absorbent solution spray equipment and sprays.
As preferably, described condenser link, condensation working medium in condensing chamber is delivered to condenser condensation working medium spray equipment by condenser condensation working medium spray piping after external condensing heat exchanger by described condenser condensation working medium spray pump, the refrigerant vapor after condensation working medium condensed device condensation working medium spray equipment spray produced generator carries out condensation absorption condensation heat, absorbing the condensation working medium of condensation heat by after external condensing heat exchanger and condensation heating agent heat exchange, described condensation heat is taken away by the condensation heating agent flowing through condensing heat exchanger.
As preferably, described generator link, absorbent solution after heating up is sprayed by the second absorbent solution spray equipment on the absorbent solution flash chamber top being positioned at generator, makes the fine drop of absorbent solution carry out vacuum insulation flash distillation in the absorbent solution flash chamber of generator；The refrigerant vapor that flash distillation produces is delivered to condenser；In flash process, absorbent solution obtains evaporation and concentration and cooling；Absorbent solution after flash distillation falls the bottom of absorbent solution flash chamber, a part of absorbent solution enters through the second absorbent solution spray pump and is located at the generation heat exchanger outside generator, by occurring the heating agent in heat exchanger to absorb the outside heat that thermal source occurs, the absorbent solution after intensification is transported to the second absorbent solution spray equipment；A part of absorbent solution the first absorbent solution spray equipment in solution circulation pump is delivered to absorber sprays.
As preferably, described absorbent solution is from the heat occurring heating agent to absorb occurred heat exchanger, and it is industrial exhaust heat, underground heat or solar heat etc. that thermal source i.e. occurs.
As preferably, the heat that described working medium evaporation heating agent from evaporating heat exchanger absorbs, i.e. evaporation thermal source are the heat of industrial exhaust heat, underground heat, solar heat or air conditioner coolant, or air source, water source, the heat etc. in source.
As preferably, equipment for separating liquid from solid it is provided with in generator, when absorbent solution evaporation and concentration and cooling in flash process, when absorbent generation supersaturation and partial crystallization go out tiny and crystalline particle that is that have mobility, absorbent solution in generator carries out solid-liquid separation by equipment for separating liquid from solid, absorbent solution containing absorbent crystalline particle is transported to absorber by solution circulation pump, the absorbent solution not containing absorbent crystallization is carried by the second absorbent solution spray pump, is transported to the second absorbent solution spray equipment after there is heat exchanger.
As preferably, described working medium is water；Described absorbent is LiNO3, LiBr, LiCl and CaCl2In any one or the mixture of at least two；Described vaporizer link, absorber link, generator link and condenser link are respectively adopted temperature-variable heat source；Described generation heating agent, condensation heating agent, evaporation heating agent and absorption heating agent are fluid liquid or gaseous fluid, fluid liquid includes water, aqueous solution, non-freezing solution, conduction oil etc., and gaseous fluid includes air, process gas, superheated steam or the steam etc. containing on-condensible gas.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
Evaporating heat exchanger is moved to the outside of vaporizer by the vaporizer of the embodiment of the present invention, heat and mass transfer process by the condensation working medium evaporation of enhanced water evaporation device, the volume of vaporizer can be reduced, and be more beneficial for using high viscosity or the situation of the evaporation heating agent containing fouling product, thus improve performance and the economy of heat pump further.
nullEspecially for utilizing in alternating temperature low-temperature heat source and alternating temperature temperature-heat-source to produce the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of alternating temperature high temperature heat source、Utilize alternating temperature high temperature heat source and alternating temperature low-temperature heat source to produce the first-class absorption type heat pump system of temperature-heat-source in alternating temperature、And utilize in alternating temperature high temperature heat source and alternating temperature temperature-heat-source to produce the absorption type refrigeration circulating system of alternating temperature low-temperature heat source，The spray flash distillation in conjunction with absorbent solution or condensing working medium and spray-absorption mode，By generator、Condenser、The heat exchanger of vaporizer and absorber moves to outside，By using adverse current plate heat exchanger，Heat transfer intensity can be significantly improved and reduce heat transfer temperature difference，And make simplifying the structure of heat pump，And be more beneficial for using high viscosity or the situation of the absorbent solution containing absorbent crystallization，Thus improve the performance of heat pump further and reduce manufacturing cost，And more easily safeguard.
Also have, owing to the present invention is external by heat exchanger, the shape and size making generator, condenser, vaporizer and absorber are no longer limited by heat-exchanging tube bundle size, thus can design the shape and size of generator, condenser, vaporizer and absorber according to the space that user installation is on-the-spot.Simultaneously, owing to the heat and mass speed of flash process in vaporizer flash chamber of spray-absorption process in condenser condensing chamber of absorbent solution flash process in generator flash chamber, condensation working medium, condensation working medium and absorbent solution spray-absorption process in absorber absorption chamber is exceedingly fast, thus it is significantly reduced the volume of generator, condenser, vaporizer and absorber, thus it is substantially reduced the volume that heat pump is overall, thus it is more beneficial for the popularization and application of absorption type heat pump system.
As external generation heat exchanger, condensing heat exchanger, evaporating heat exchanger or absorption heat-exchange device, the present invention is for easily causing the generation heating agent of fouling or blocking, condensation heating agent, evaporation heating agent or absorbing heating agent, by using dismountable plate type heat exchanger, the maintenance of heat exchanger can be made to become simple.
Have again, owing to have employed spray flash distillation or the mode of spray-absorption of condensation working medium or absorbent solution so that the inhibition of the heat and mass of generating process, condensation process, evaporation process and absorption process is significantly reduced by the on-condensible gas in generator, condenser, vaporizer and absorber.During in particular by cylindrical vessel, it is greatly decreased due to the welding capacity of containment structure material and container is internal without heat exchange material so that the generation amount of etching extent and then on-condensible gas substantially reduces.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing second-kind absorption-type heat pump system.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of the embodiment of the present invention 4.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of the embodiment of the present invention 5.
Fig. 7 is first-class absorption type heat pump and the structural representation of absorption system of the embodiment of the present invention 6.
Fig. 8 is first-class absorption type heat pump and the structural representation of absorption system of the embodiment of the present invention 7.
Fig. 9 is first-class absorption type heat pump and the structural representation of absorption system of the embodiment of the present invention 8.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.In the following description, what different " embodiments " or " embodiment " referred to is not necessarily same embodiment.Additionally, special characteristic, structure or feature in one or more embodiment can be combined by any suitable form.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 6 is the example structure schematic diagram of the second-kind absorption-type heat pump that the present invention provides respectively.Fig. 7 to Fig. 9 is the example structure schematic diagram of the first-class absorption type heat pump that the present invention provides respectively.nullRefer to the evaporator section of Fig. 2 to Fig. 9,The vaporizer 100 of absorption heat pump，Including flash chamber 101、Evaporating heat exchanger 102、Evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105、Evaporator condensation working medium spray pump 104 and evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103，It is outside that evaporating heat exchanger 102 is located at flash chamber 101，Evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105 is connected with the cold flow side of evaporating heat exchanger 102，Working medium in flash chamber 101 is delivered to evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103 by evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105 after evaporating heat exchanger 102 heat exchange by the evaporator condensation working medium spray pump 104 being located on evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105，Working medium is sprayed in flash chamber 101 by evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103，Flash chamber 101 is flash distillation chamber，Working medium flash distillation in flash chamber 101 is steam.
Evaporating heat exchanger 102 is moved to the outside of flash chamber 101 by the vaporizer 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, simplifying the structure of heat pump can be made, and be more beneficial for using high viscosity or the situation of the evaporation heating agent containing fouling product, thus improve performance and the economy of heat pump further.Especially for the absorption heat pump utilizing alternating temperature to evaporate thermal source, in conjunction with spray flash distillation so that working medium rapid evaporation.Evaporating heat exchanger 102 can reduce heat transfer temperature difference for contra-flow heat exchanger.Evaporating heat exchanger 102 in the present embodiment uses adverse current plate heat exchanger, can realize countercurrent flow completely, thus improves heat transfer intensity and reduce heat transfer temperature difference.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the container body forming flash chamber 101 is cylindrical shape.In the present embodiment, the container body of vaporizer 100 uses cylindrical shape, improves the compressive property of vaporizer 100.And in prior art, owing to evaporating heat exchanger 102 is built-in, the heat transfer effect of working medium Yu evaporating heat exchanger 102 in order to improve spray, need to use the shell-and-tube heat exchanger of square arrangement, the container body of vaporizer 100 to be typically only capable to use cuboid, compressive property is poor.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of absorption heat pump, sees Fig. 2 to Fig. 9, and this absorption heat pump includes vaporizer 100, absorber 200, generator 300 and condenser 400；nullThe flash chamber 101 of vaporizer 100 is connected by the first refrigerant vapor passage 700 with the absorption chamber 201 of absorber 200，The condensing chamber 401 of condenser 400 is sprayed chamber 301 with the absorbent solution of generator 300 and is connected by the second refrigerant vapor passage 800，Realized the circulation of absorbent solution by solution circulating line between generator 300 and absorber 200，Wherein absorbent solution is delivered to absorber 200 by generator 300 by the first solution circulating line 510，Absorbent solution is delivered to generator 300 by absorber 200 by the second solution circulating line 520，First solution circulating line 510 and the second solution circulating line 520 are provided with solution heat exchanger 530，In first solution circulating line 510 and the second solution circulating line 520, the absorbent solution of conveying carries out heat exchange by solution heat exchanger 530，Vaporizer 100 and condenser 400 are connected by working medium pipeline 610，Working medium in condenser 400 is delivered to vaporizer 100 by working medium pipeline 610，Wherein，Vaporizer 100 is the vaporizer described in above-described embodiment.
Evaporating heat exchanger 102 is moved to the outside of the flash chamber 101 of vaporizer 100 by the absorption type heat pump system of the embodiment of the present invention, make simplifying the structure of heat pump, and be more beneficial for using high viscosity or the situation of the evaporation heating agent containing fouling product, thus improve performance and the economy of heat pump further.Especially for the absorption heat pump utilizing alternating temperature to evaporate thermal source, in conjunction with the spray flash distillation of condensation working medium so that working medium rapid evaporation, enhance the heat and mass transfer process of vaporizer.
In above-described embodiment NM, for system circulation necessary flow valve and liquid pump etc., those skilled in the art should know, or obtains from the prior art.As in second-kind absorption-type heat pump, working medium pipeline 610 is provided with working medium pump 620, in order to from condenser, working medium is delivered to vaporizer by working medium pipeline 610；First solution circulating line 510 is provided with absorbent solution circulating pump 550, and the second solution circulating line 520 is provided with choke valve 540.And for first-class absorption type heat pump system or absorption system, owing to the liquid in outer loop pipeline flows to contrary with second-kind absorption-type heat pump, therefore, working medium pipeline 610 by working medium when condenser is delivered to vaporizer, need not working medium pump 620, working medium pipeline 610 has only to arrange throttling valve 630；Choke valve 540 and absorbent solution circulating pump 550 then need transposition, i.e. choke valve 540 to be located on the first solution circulating line 510, and absorbent solution circulating pump 550 is located on the second solution circulating line 520.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, see Fig. 3 to Fig. 9, wherein, absorber 200 includes absorption chamber 201, absorption heat-exchange device 202 and the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203, it is outside that absorption chamber 201 is located at by absorption heat-exchange device 202, absorption heat-exchange device 202 is contra-flow heat exchanger, absorption chamber 201 is outside is provided with the first absorbent solution spray piping 205, absorption heat-exchange device 202 is located on the first absorbent solution spray piping 205, first absorbent solution spray piping 205 connects absorption chamber 201 and the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203, first absorbent solution spray piping 205 is provided with the first absorbent solution spray pump 204.Absorbent solution in absorption chamber 201 is delivered to the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203 by the first absorbent solution spray piping 205 after absorption heat-exchange device 202 heat exchange by the first absorbent solution spray pump 204, absorbent solution is sprayed in absorption chamber 201 by the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203, the refrigerant vapor that absorbent solution produces in absorbing flash chamber.The present embodiment, on the basis of evaporating heat exchanger 102 is external, by the most external for absorption heat-exchange device 202, enhances the heat and mass transfer process of absorber part, improves the performance of whole heat pump further.In second-kind absorption-type heat pump, the first absorbent solution spray piping 205 is connected with the hot-fluid side of absorption heat-exchange device 202, and the cold flow side of absorption heat-exchange device 202 is connected with absorbing heating agent pipeline.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, sees Fig. 4 to Fig. 9, and the cross section bottom absorption chamber 201 is gradually reduced.When the container body of absorber 200 uses cylindrical shape, the bottom of absorption chamber 201 is turbination.Being effectively reduced the recoverable amount of liquid, so that the startup time of system is shorter, cost is lower, and compressive resistance and corrosion resistance are higher simultaneously.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the first solution circulating line 510 connects the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203.The present embodiment is on the basis of above-described embodiment, first solution circulating line 510 is connected with the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203, so that the absorbent solution that carries with the first absorbent solution spray piping 205 of absorbent solution of the first solution circulating line 510 conveying mixes and delivers to the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203 and spray.Power loss can be reduced further.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, see Fig. 4 to Fig. 9, wherein, vaporizer 100 and absorber 200 share same container body, this container body is cylindrical shape, the flash chamber 101 of vaporizer 100 is formed at the top of container body inner cavity chamber, the absorption chamber 201 of absorber 200 is formed at bottom, the top of the flash chamber 101 of vaporizer is located at by evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103, the bottom of flash chamber 101 is provided with working medium receptor 106, working medium receptor 106 is used for accommodating unevaporated condensation working medium, working medium receptor 106 is connected with evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105, the first refrigerant vapor passage 700 is formed between outer wall and the inwall of flash chamber 101 of working medium receptor 106.In the present embodiment, vaporizer 100 and absorber 200 share same container body, and this container body is cylindrical shape, have the feature that compressive property is high, and simple in construction.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, see Fig. 4 to Fig. 9 flash chamber 101 and include first paragraph and second segment, wherein the internal diameter of first paragraph is less than the internal diameter of second segment, second segment is located at by working medium receptor 106, first paragraph is located at by evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103, and the diameter of working medium receptor 106 is more than or equal to the internal diameter of the first paragraph of flash chamber.Two sections different by arranging internal diameter of the present embodiment, make the working medium of spray entirely fall in working medium receptor 106.It addition, utilize the heat and mass speed characteristic more than the heat and mass speed of generating process of condensation process, make the volume volume less than flash chamber of condensing chamber, thus reach to reduce installing space, reduce materials'use amount and the purpose of cost.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the lower end of first paragraph is provided with working medium flow-guiding structure 109, and the working medium on first paragraph inwall is imported in working medium receptor 106 by working medium flow-guiding structure 109.By arranging working medium flow-guiding structure 109, make spray working medium on first paragraph inwall can entirely fall in working medium receptor 106.The specific configuration of working medium flow-guiding structure 109 does not limits, and the working medium of spray is all imported in working medium receptor 106 as long as utilizing.Present embodiments provide a kind of simple in construction, it is easy to the working medium flow-guiding structure of manufacture, this working medium flow-guiding structure is working medium deflector, and working medium deflector is downwardly extended by the lower end of first paragraph and forms, and working medium deflector stretches into the space below first paragraph.So, the working medium on first paragraph inwall can fall in working medium receptor 106 along working medium deflector.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, working medium pipeline 610 is connected with evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103.The working medium that the working medium of working medium pipeline 610 conveying carries with evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105 is sprayed by evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment 103 after mixing.Further reduce the flow in evaporator condensation working medium spray piping 105, relatively working medium pipeline 610 and directly in working medium input evaporation chamber 101, more save power.
nullPreferred as above-described embodiment，In the present embodiment，Generator 300 includes absorbent solution flash chamber 301、There is heat exchanger 302 and the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303，Heat exchanger 302 is occurred to be located at the outside of absorbent solution flash chamber 301，Top in absorbent solution flash chamber 301 is provided with the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303，Second absorbent solution spray equipment 303 is connected with the second absorbent solution spray piping 305 being located at outside absorbent solution flash chamber 301，Absorbent solution in absorbent solution flash chamber 301 is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303 and sprays by the second absorbent solution spray piping 305，Second absorbent solution spray piping 305 is provided with the second absorbent solution spray pump 304，Second absorbent solution spray piping 305 is connected with the cold flow side that heat exchanger 302 occurs，The heating agent pipeline that occurs that thermal source occurs is connected with the hot-fluid side that heat exchanger 302 occurs.
The outside that the absorption heat pump that the present embodiment proposes will occur heat exchanger 302 to be located at absorbent solution flash chamber 301, after the absorbent solution of the second absorbent solution spray piping 305 conveying is via occurring heat exchanger 302 heat exchange to heat up, it is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303 and sprays in the absorbent solution flash chamber 301 of generator 300.Principle based on vacuum insulation flash distillation, makes to carry out vacuum insulation flash distillation in the fine drop of the absorbent solution absorbent solution flash chamber 301 in generator 300.Cross-current heat exchanger tube than prior art, generation heat exchanger 302 in the present embodiment uses adverse current plate heat exchanger, countercurrent flow completely can be realized, thus improve heat transfer intensity and reduce heat transfer temperature difference, and can be more efficient utilize temperature-variable heat source, the heating agent of employing includes water, aqueous solution, non-freezing solution, conduction oil, air, process gas, superheated steam and containing the steam etc. of on-condensible gas.The second-kind absorption-type heat pump that have employed the generator that the embodiment of the present invention provides can use high-concentration absorbent solution.Even if absorbent solution obtains evaporation and concentration and cooling, make absorbent generation supersaturation and partial crystallization goes out crystalline particle, tiny crystalline particle owing to producing can flow with absorbent solution, therefore, after partially crystallizable is delivered to heat exchanger 302 by the second absorbent solution spray piping 305, through heat exchange, crystallization can be dissolved.Do not deposit the problems such as because of crystallization, heat-transfer surface in the prior art causes that heat and mass is obstructed.It addition, the second-kind absorption-type heat pump that have employed the generator of above-described embodiment is suitable for using the generation thermal source with temperature-variable heat source characteristic.The present embodiment causes heat and mass obstacle owing to absorbent can be avoided to crystallize on the heat-transfer surface that heat exchanger occurs, all second-kind absorption-type heat pumps circulations being particularly advantageous in working under high-concentration absorbent solution condition.
The absorption heat pump of the present invention also can work under conditions of absorber absorbent solution concentration is higher than generator absorbent solution concentration, therefore can realize utilizing more low-grade generation thermal source, obtain bigger industrial exhaust heat (also including underground heat and solar heat etc.) temperature grade to promote, thus be allowed to be more convenient for recycling, it is thus possible to bring significant energy-saving effect and economic benefit to user.
By making absorbent crystalline particle tinyization of supersaturation partial crystallization and there is mobility, the blockage problem that heat exchanger heat transfer mass transfer obstacle and pipeline etc. occur that the present invention can be faced efficiently against existing second-kind absorption-type heat pump, that caused by absorbent crystallization.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the interface that generator 300 is connected with the first solution circulating line 510 is less than the interface with the second absorbent solution spray piping 305.So, when the absorbent in the absorbent solution in generator 300 crystallizes, absorbent crystalline particle can be delivered to absorber with absorbent solution by the first solution circulating line 510 as far as possible.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, absorbent by solving further to use high-concentration absorbent solution to be likely to result in crystallizes the problem brought, generator 300 in the embodiment of the present invention also includes equipment for separating liquid from solid, when the absorbent in the absorbent solution in absorbent solution flash chamber 301 crystallizes, absorbent solution is separated into containing absorbent crystallization and the two parts without absorbent crystallization by equipment for separating liquid from solid, wherein the absorbent solution without absorbent crystallization is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303 through the second absorbent solution spray piping 305, absorbent solution containing absorbent crystallization is delivered in absorber 200 by the first solution circulating line 510.By arranging equipment for separating liquid from solid in the present embodiment, the absorbent in absorbent solution is crystallized and separates, reduce the absorbent crystallization impact on generator 300 work further.It addition, by arranging equipment for separating liquid from solid, make output carry out in the absorbent solution sprayed and do not contain or few containing crystallization, the absorption heat pump of the embodiment of the present invention can be made to use the generation thermal source of lower temperature grade.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, sees Fig. 4, and in the present embodiment, equipment for separating liquid from solid includes:
Liquid barrier 371, it is connected with the internal face of the container body of the formation absorbent solution flash chamber 301 of generator 300, forming interlayer 374 between absorbent solution flash chamber 301 internal face of liquid barrier 371 and generator 300, the absorbent solution in absorbent solution flash chamber 301 is entered in interlayer by the interlayer entrance 375 of the lower end of liquid barrier 371；
Overflow launder 373, in the outside wall surface of the container body being formed at generator 300, for accommodating by the absorbent solution overflowed in interlayer 374；
Overfall 372, on the sidewall of the container body being opened in generator 300, overfall 372 connects interlayer 374 and overflow launder 373；
Second absorbent solution spray piping 305 connects with overflow launder 373, and the first solution circulating line 510 connects with the bottom of absorbent solution flash chamber 301；Wherein
nullWhen the absorbent of absorbent solution crystallizes，Absorbent crystallizes along liquid barrier 371 to whereabouts，When liquid barrier 371 lower end is fallen in absorbent crystallization，Partially absorb agent crystallization to flow up along interlayer with absorbent solution，Enter into the crystallization of the absorbent in interlayer again to fall in action of gravity，And the bottom of generator 300 is fallen along the container body internal face of generator，Absorbent solution in interlayer realizes solid-liquid separation，The absorbent solution on interlayer top is substantially free of crystallization，Absorbent crystallization is delivered to absorber 200 with absorbent solution by the first solution circulating line 510，Absorbent solution is entered in interlayer by liquid barrier 371 lower end，Interlayer internal upper part divides the absorbent solution not containing absorbent crystallization to enter overflow launder 373 from overfall 372，And it is delivered to the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303 by the second absorbent solution spray piping 305.The equipment for separating liquid from solid simple in construction of the present embodiment, good separating effect.Absorbent solution after flash distillation carries out solid-liquid separation in described equipment for separating liquid from solid, then will be sent to absorber containing the absorbent solution of absorbent crystalline particle；Owing to absorbent crystalline particle is tiny and has mobility, because of without causing absorbent solution circulating pump the 550, first absorbent solution spray equipment 203 and the blocking of the first solution circulating line 510；Owing to absorbent is in the relatively low temperature of generator 300, i.e. partial crystallization under relatively low dissolubility, and in the higher temperature of absorber 200, i.e. dissolve under higher dissolubility, absorber is made to be able to the concentration absorbent solution higher than generator absorbent solution concentration, it is even possible that with at or approximately at the saturated concentration at a temperature of absorbing, thus industrial exhaust heat can be made to obtain bigger temperature grade under conditions of relatively low generation heat source temperature grade and promote, it is allowed to be more convenient for recycling, it is thus possible to bring significant energy-saving effect and economic benefit to user.Liquid barrier 371 should be obliquely installed, to improve separating effect.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the cross section of the bottom of the absorbent solution flash chamber 301 of generator 300 is gradually reduced, in infundibulate.The bottom funneling of the absorbent solution flash chamber 301 of generator 300 is (when container body is cylindrical shape, the bottom of absorbent solution flash chamber 301 is turbination), also absorbent crystalline deposit is played a role even if being not provided with liquid barrier 371.It addition, the cross section of the bottom of absorbent solution flash chamber 301 is gradually reduced the recoverable amount being effectively reduced liquid, so that the startup time of system is shorter, cost is lower, and compressive resistance and corrosion resistance are higher simultaneously.Meanwhile, absorbent can be made to crystallize the first absorbent solution spray equipment 203 being delivered in absorber 200 by the first solution circulating line 510.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, first solution circulating line 510 and the second solution circulating line 520 are provided with solution heat exchanger 530, and in the first solution circulating line 510 and the second solution circulating line 520, the absorbent solution of conveying carries out heat exchange by solution heat exchanger 530.By arranging solution heat exchanger 530 on the solution circulating line of absorbent solution circulation between absorber 200 and generator 300 in the present embodiment, it is achieved that absorbent solution carries out heat exchange in cyclic process, improve the thermal efficiency of heat pump further.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, absorbent solution circulating line is provided with choke valve 540, and choke valve 540 is located between absorber 200 and solution heat exchanger 530.In second-kind absorption-type heat pump system, choke valve 540 is located on the second solution circulating line 520.In first-class absorption type heat pump system or absorption system, choke valve 540 is located on the first solution circulating line 510.Particularly in second-kind absorption-type heat pump, the present embodiment can prevent choke valve 540 because temperature reduce and Crystallization Plugging.The outlet 531 of the solution heat exchanger 530 on the second solution circulating line 520 is arranged at generator 300.The absorbent solution of the i.e. second solution circulating line 520 conveying, should be with in the shortest distance input to generator 300 after solution heat exchanger 530 exports.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, see Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, generator 300 and condenser 400 share same container body, the top of the chamber in this container body is the condensing chamber 401 of condenser 400, the bottom of this container body inner cavity chamber is the absorbent solution flash chamber 301 of generator 300, in condensing chamber 401, bottom is provided with condensation working medium receptor 406, forming the second refrigerant vapor passage 800 between outer wall and the inwall of container body of condensation working medium receptor 406, condensation working medium receptor 406 is connected with working medium pipeline 610.The condensing heat exchanger of condenser is connected with condensation heating agent pipeline, and condensation heating agent carries out heat exchange by condensing heat exchanger, absorbs working medium condensation heat.Absorbent solution flash distillation in absorbent solution flash chamber 301 through the second absorbent solution spray equipment 303 spray, the working medium of evaporation condenses in condensing chamber 401, the liquid working substance that refrigerant vapor condensation is formed accepted by condensation working medium receptor 406, and the liquid working substance that condensation working medium receptor 406 is accepted is delivered to vaporizer 100 by working medium pipeline 610.Condenser 400 and generator 300 share a container body, and container body internal upper part forms condensing zone, formation flash zone, bottom, further increase performance and reduce cost.
In the case of generator 300 and condenser 400 share same cylindrical vessel body, condensing heat exchanger can built-in also can be external.Wherein when condensing heat exchanger is built-in, condensing heat exchanger 402 is positioned at the top of condensation working medium receptor 406.The condensed heat exchanger of refrigerant vapor 402 produced in the absorbent solution flash chamber 301 of generator 300 cools down, and is condensed into liquid, and falls in condensation working medium receptor 406.
When condensing heat exchanger 402 is external, condenser 400 includes condensing chamber 401, condensing heat exchanger 402, condenser condensation working medium spray equipment 403, condenser condensation working medium spray piping 405, condenser device condensation working medium spray pump 404 and condensation working medium receptor 406, condenser condensation working medium spray equipment 403 is located in condensing chamber 401, being positioned at above condensation working medium receptor 406, condenser condensation working medium spray piping 405 is connected with condensation working medium receptor 406.By external for condensing heat exchanger 402 in the present embodiment, working medium can be realized in cooling heat exchanger 402, carry out countercurrent flow.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, condensing chamber 401 includes first paragraph and second segment, wherein the internal diameter of first paragraph is less than the internal diameter of second segment, second segment is located at by condensation working medium receptor 406, first paragraph is located at by condenser condensation working medium spray equipment 403, and the diameter of condensation working medium receptor 406 is more than or equal to the internal diameter of the first paragraph of flash chamber.Two sections different by arranging internal diameter of the present embodiment, make condensation working medium entirely fall in condensation working medium receptor 406.Additionally, in the case of condenser and generator share a container, the internal diameter of absorbent solution flash chamber 301 is consistent with the internal diameter of condensing chamber 401 second segment, utilize the heat and mass speed characteristic more than the heat and mass speed of generating process of condensation process, make the volume volume less than flash chamber of condensing chamber, thus reach to reduce installing space, reduce materials'use amount and the purpose of cost.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the lower end of the first paragraph of condensing chamber 401 is provided with condensation working medium flow-guiding structure 409, and the condensation working medium on first paragraph inwall is imported in condensation working medium receptor 406 by condensation working medium flow-guiding structure 409.By arranging condensation working medium flow-guiding structure 409, make spray condensation working medium on first paragraph inwall can entirely fall in condensation working medium receptor 406.The specific configuration of condensation working medium flow-guiding structure 409 does not limits, and the working medium of spray is all imported in condensation working medium receptor 406 as long as utilizing.Present embodiments provide a kind of simple in construction, easily fabricated condensation working medium flow-guiding structure, this condensation working medium flow-guiding structure is condensation working medium deflector, and condensation working medium deflector is downwardly extended by the lower end of first paragraph and forms, and condensation working medium deflector stretches into the space below first paragraph.So, the condensation working medium on first paragraph inwall can fall in condensation working medium receptor 406 along condensation working medium deflector.
For utilizing alternating temperature low-temperature heat source to produce the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of alternating temperature high temperature heat source, in conjunction with the spray flash distillation of big flow and spray-absorption mode, the heat exchanger of condenser, vaporizer and absorber is moved to outside, simplifying the structure of heat pump can be made, and be more beneficial for using high viscosity or the situation of the absorbent solution containing absorbent crystallization, thus improve performance and the economy of heat pump further.
The absorption type heat pump system that the embodiment of the present invention provides can avoid absorbent to crystallize on the heat-transfer surface that heat exchanger occurs and cause heat and mass obstacle, is particularly advantageous in the second-kind absorption-type heat pump circulation worked under high-concentration absorbent solution condition.Contra-flow heat exchanger can be used again, it is thus possible to more efficient utilizes alternating temperature generation thermal source, including water, hot-air, conduction oil, superheated steam and the steam etc. containing on-condensible gas due to the generation heat exchanger of the embodiment of the present invention.
The second-kind absorption-type heat pump using the generator of the embodiment of the present invention also can be in absorber absorbent solution concentration higher than generator absorbent solution concentration, even can or close to absorb at a temperature of saturated concentration under conditions of work, thus can realize utilizing more low-grade generation thermal source, obtain bigger industrial exhaust heat (also including underground heat and solar heat etc.) temperature grade to promote, thus be allowed to be more convenient for recycling, it is thus possible to bring significant energy-saving effect and economic benefit to user.
By making absorbent crystalline particle tinyization of supersaturation partial crystallization and there is mobility, the blockage problem that heat exchanger heat transfer mass transfer obstacle and pipeline etc. occur that the present invention can be faced efficiently against existing second-kind absorption-type heat pump, that caused by absorbent crystallization.Further, using conical lower portion to be then effectively reduced the absorbent solution recoverable amount of system, so that the startup time of system is shorter, cost is lower, and compressive resistance and corrosion resistance are higher simultaneously.
nullHave again，Especially for utilizing in alternating temperature low-temperature heat source and alternating temperature temperature-heat-source to produce the second-kind absorption-type heat pump of alternating temperature high temperature heat source、Utilize alternating temperature driving heat source and alternating temperature low-temperature heat source to produce the first-class absorption type heat pump system of temperature-heat-source in alternating temperature、And utilize in alternating temperature driving heat source and alternating temperature temperature-heat-source to produce the absorption type refrigeration circulating system of alternating temperature cold，The spray flash distillation in conjunction with absorbent solution or condensing working medium and spray-absorption mode，By condenser、The heat exchanger of vaporizer and absorber moves to outside，By using adverse current plate heat exchanger，Heat transfer intensity can be improved and reduce heat transfer temperature difference，Make simplifying the structure and reducing volume of heat pump，And be more beneficial for using high viscosity or the situation of the absorbent solution containing absorbent crystallization，Thus improve the performance of heat pump further and reduce manufacturing cost，And more easily safeguard.
Also have, owing to the present invention is external by heat exchanger, the shape and size making generator, condenser, vaporizer and absorber are no longer limited by heat-exchanging tube bundle size, thus the shape and size of generator, condenser, vaporizer and absorber can be designed according to the space that user installation is on-the-spot, thus it is more beneficial for the popularization and application of absorption type heat pump system.
Contra-flow heat exchanger all can be used as external generation heat exchanger, condensing heat exchanger, evaporating heat exchanger or absorption heat-exchange device, and for easily causing the generation heating agent of fouling or blocking, condensation heating agent, evaporation heating agent or absorbing heating agent, dismountable plate type heat exchanger can be used, so that the maintenance of heat exchanger becomes simple.
On the other hand, embodiments provide a kind of absorption heat pump cycle method, refer to Fig. 2 to Fig. 9 and the above-mentioned description about absorption heat pump, the absorption heat pump cycle method that the embodiment of the present invention provides includes vaporizer link, absorber link, generator link and condenser link, wherein
Vaporizer link, working medium in the flash chamber of vaporizer exports via evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, the working medium of evaporator condensation working medium spray piping conveying is by being located at the evaporating heat exchanger outside flash chamber and evaporation heating agent heat exchange, the evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment being delivered to be positioned at the flash chamber of vaporizer from the working medium of evaporation heating agent absorption heat sprays, a part for the working medium sprayed out flash distillation in flash chamber is refrigerant vapor, and described refrigerant vapor is transported in absorber；
Absorber link, absorbent solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor that vaporizer generates the absorption heat discharging high temperature, and described absorption heat exports to outside by flowing through the absorption heating agent of absorption heat-exchange device, and the absorbent solution in absorber is transported in generator；
Generator link, by there is heat exchanger and heating agent heat exchange occurring in absorbent solution, after absorbing the heat that thermal source occurs, a part of working medium in absorbent solution is converted into steam, is delivered to absorber through the absorbent solution of evaporation and concentration；
Condenser link, the refrigerant vapor producing generator carries out condensation absorption condensation heat, and described condensation heat is taken away by the condensation heating agent flowing through condensing heat exchanger；The liquid working substance condensing formation within the condenser is transported to vaporizer via working medium pipeline.
In the absorption heat pump cycle method that the embodiment of the present invention provides, working medium in evaporation link flash chamber is exported by evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, and carry out countercurrent flow through external evaporating heat exchanger, the evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment being then sent to be positioned at flash chamber sprays, a part for the working medium sprayed out flash distillation in flash chamber is steam, and is absorbed by absorbent solution in the first refrigerant vapor passage is delivered to absorption chamber under the strong absorption of absorbent solution in absorber.In the present embodiment, the circulation of other parts can be same as the prior art.The evaporation link of the present embodiment enhances heat and mass transfer process, thus reduces the volume of vaporizer.
Absorber link, generator link and condenser link in above-described embodiment can be same as the prior art, or combining each embodiment of above-mentioned absorption type heat pump system, each link in the absorption heat pump cycle method that the embodiment of the present invention provides all can change accordingly.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, in conjunction with the embodiment that absorption heat-exchange device in absorption type heat pump system is external, absorber link, absorbent solution in the absorption chamber of absorber exports via the first absorbent solution spray piping, the absorbent solution of the first absorbent solution spray piping conveying is delivered to be positioned at the first absorbent solution spray equipment of the absorption chamber of absorber after absorption heat-exchange device heat exchange and sprays, the absorbent solution sprayed out absorbs the refrigerant vapor that vaporizer generates the absorption heat discharging high temperature in absorption chamber, the described heat that absorbs is exported to outside by the heating agent on the cold flow side of absorption heat-exchange device as high temperature heat source.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, generator the absorbent solution carried is delivered to the first absorbent solution spray equipment and sprays.The present embodiment can reduce outer loop flow further, reduces power loss.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, in conjunction with the embodiment that condensing heat exchanger in absorption type heat pump system is external, condenser link therein, condenser condensation working medium spray pump is delivered to condenser condensation working medium spray equipment after the condensation working medium in condensing chamber is condensed the condensed heat exchanger of working medium spray piping by condenser, the refrigerant vapor after condensation working medium condensed device condensation working medium spray equipment spray produced generator condenses and discharges condensation heat, and condensation heat is taken away by the condensation heating agent in condensing heat exchanger.The present embodiment strengthens the heat and mass transfer process of whole system further.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, in conjunction with the embodiment that generation heat exchanger in absorption type heat pump system is external, generator link therein is specific as follows, absorbent solution after heating up is sprayed by the second absorbent solution spray equipment on the absorbent solution flash chamber top being positioned at generator, makes the fine drop of absorbent solution carry out vacuum insulation flash distillation in the absorbent solution flash chamber of generator；The refrigerant vapor that flash distillation produces is delivered to condenser；In flash process, absorbent solution obtains evaporation and concentration and cooling；Absorbent solution after flash distillation falls the bottom of absorbent solution flash chamber, a part of absorbent solution enters through the second absorbent solution spray pump and is located at the generation heat exchanger outside generator, by occurring the heating agent in heat exchanger to absorb the outside heat that thermal source occurs, the absorbent solution after intensification is transported to the second absorbent solution spray equipment；A part of absorbent solution the first absorbent solution spray equipment in solution circulation pump is delivered to absorber sprays.The present embodiment not only enhances heat and mass transfer process, and solves and use high-concentration absorbent solution to crystallize the problem caused.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the heat that working medium evaporation heating agent from evaporating heat exchanger absorbs is industrial exhaust heat or underground heat or solar heat or the heat of air conditioner coolant.The system and method for the embodiment of the present invention can use more low-grade generation thermal source, obtain bigger industrial exhaust heat (also including underground heat and solar heat etc.) temperature grade to promote, thus be allowed to be more convenient for recycling, it is thus possible to bring significant energy-saving effect and economic benefit to user.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, the absorbent solution in absorber after choke valve throttles, enter in solution heat exchanger be transported in generator after the absorbent solution heat exchange of generator.
Preferred as above-described embodiment, absorbent solution carries out heat exchange by solution heat exchanger in cyclic process between absorber and generator.
Preferred as upper embodiment, equipment for separating liquid from solid it is provided with in generator, when absorbent solution evaporation and concentration and cooling in flash process, when absorbent generation supersaturation and partial crystallization go out tiny and crystalline particle that is that have mobility, absorbent solution in generator carries out solid-liquid separation by equipment for separating liquid from solid, absorbent solution containing absorbent crystalline particle is transported to absorber by solution circulation pump, the absorbent solution not containing absorbent crystallization is carried by the second absorbent solution spray pump, is transported to the second absorbent solution spray equipment after there is heat exchanger.
In preferred as above-described embodiment, absorption heat pump that the embodiment of the present invention provides and round-robin method thereof, the working medium used is water；The absorbent used can be selected from following LiBr, LiNO3, LiCl and CaCl2In at least one；It is fluid liquid or gaseous fluid that heating agent, condensation heating agent, evaporation heating agent and absorption heating agent occur, wherein fluid liquid includes water, aqueous solution, non-freezing solution, conduction oil etc., and gaseous fluid includes air, process gas, superheated vapor and the steam etc. containing on-condensible gas.
By the various embodiments described above and the description of preferred embodiment, and combine accompanying drawing and understand, vaporizer 100, absorber 200, generator 300 and the condenser 400 in the embodiment of the present invention can be used for absorption system, first-class absorption type heat pump system with, the absorption heat pump of second-kind absorption-type heat pump other forms of system.
Absorption heat pump and round-robin method that the embodiment of the present invention provides can realize the mode of operation that existing second-kind absorption-type heat pump cannot realize.It is illustrated by the temperature curve of the saturated vapour pressure of absorbent solution, the generator of existing second-kind absorption-type heat pump is to work on a point of the temperature curve of the saturated vapour pressure at an absorbent unsaturation solution, and absorber is less than working on a point on the temperature curve of the saturated vapour pressure of the absorbent unsaturation solution of one, generator venting scope in another concentration, the temperature of absorber operating point is higher than the temperature of generator operating point.By contrast, the generator of the absorption heat pump of the present invention is under absorbent saturated concentration, i.e. work on a point of the temperature curve of the saturated vapour pressure of absorbent saturated solution, and absorber is to work on another aspect of (or close to this curve) on the temperature curve of the saturated vapour pressure of same saturated solution, the temperature of absorber operating point is higher than the temperature of generator operating point.Owing to the saturation solubility of temperature more high-selenium corn agent is the biggest, so the heat pump of the present invention is to run under conditions of the concentration of absorber absorbent solution is higher than the concentration of generator absorbent solution.Therefore, the present invention can utilize more low-grade generation thermal source, obtain bigger industrial exhaust heat (also including underground heat and solar heat etc.) temperature grade to promote, thus be allowed to be more convenient for recycling, it is thus possible to bring significant energy-saving effect and economic benefit to user.Additionally, by making absorbent crystalline particle tinyization of supersaturation partial crystallization and there is mobility in the embodiment of the present invention, the blockage problem that heat exchanger heat transfer mass transfer obstacle and pipeline etc. occur that can be faced efficiently against existing second-kind absorption-type heat pump, that caused by absorbent crystallization.
The above; being only the detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any those familiar with the art is in the technical scope that the invention discloses; change can be readily occurred in or replace, all should contain within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with described scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

1. the vaporizer of absorption heat pump, it is characterised in that include flash chamber, evaporation and heat-exchange Device, evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, evaporator condensation working medium spray pump and evaporator condensation Working medium spray equipment, described evaporating heat exchanger is located at outside flash chamber, described evaporating heat exchanger It is located on described evaporator condensation working medium spray piping with evaporator condensation working medium spray pump, described Condensation working medium in flash chamber is sprayed by evaporator condensation working medium spray pump by evaporator condensation working medium Shower pipe road delivers to evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment, described evaporation after evaporating heat exchanger heat exchange Working medium is sprayed in flash chamber by device condensation working medium spray equipment, a part for described working medium exists In described flash chamber, flash distillation is steam.
The vaporizer of absorption heat pump the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute The evaporating heat exchanger stated is contra-flow heat exchanger.
3. absorption heat pump, including vaporizer, absorber, generator and condenser, described steaming Sending out device and absorber passes through the first refrigerant vapor channel connection, described condenser and generator pass through Second refrigerant vapor channel connection, is circulated by the first solution between described generator and absorber Pipeline and the second solution circulating line connection, described first solution circulating line by absorbent solution by Generator is delivered to absorber, and described second solution circulating line is defeated by absorber by absorbent solution Delivering to generator, described first solution circulating line and the second solution circulating line are provided with solution In heat exchanger, the first solution circulating line and the second solution circulating line, the absorbent solution of conveying is led to Cross solution heat exchanger to carry out heat exchange, described vaporizer and condenser and connected by working medium pipeline, Working medium in described condenser is delivered to vaporizer by described working medium pipeline, it is characterised in that institute Stating vaporizer is the vaporizer described in claim 1 or 2.
Absorption heat pump the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described vaporizer Sharing same container body with described absorber, vaporizer is formed at the top of described container body inner cavity chamber Flash chamber, bottom formed absorber absorption chamber, described evaporator condensation working medium spray Device is located at the top of the flash chamber of described vaporizer, and the bottom of described flash chamber is provided with work Matter receptor, described working medium receptor is connected with evaporator condensation working medium spray piping, described work The first refrigerant vapor passage is formed between outer wall and the inwall of flash chamber of matter receptor.
Absorption heat pump the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described flash distillation chamber Room includes first paragraph and second segment, and wherein the internal diameter of first paragraph is less than the internal diameter of second segment, described Second segment is located at by working medium receptor, and first paragraph is located at by described evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment, The diameter of described working medium receptor is more than or equal to the internal diameter of the first paragraph of flash chamber.
Absorption heat pump the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described first paragraph Lower end be provided with working medium flow-guiding structure, described working medium flow-guiding structure is by described first paragraph inwall Working medium imports in working medium receptor.
Absorption heat pump the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described absorber Including absorption chamber, absorption heat-exchange device and the first absorbent solution spray equipment, described absorption heat-exchange Device is located at outside absorption chamber, is provided with the first absorbent solution spray piping outside described absorption chamber, Described absorption heat-exchange device is located on the first absorbent solution spray piping, described first absorbent solution spray Shower pipe road connects absorption chamber and the first absorbent solution spray equipment, described first absorbent solution spray Shower pipe road is provided with the first absorbent solution spray pump, and the first absorbent solution spray pump is by absorption chamber Interior absorbent solution is delivered to first by the first absorbent solution spray piping after absorption heat-exchange device heat exchange Absorbent solution spray equipment, described first absorbent solution spray equipment by absorbent solution at absorbing cavity Indoor spray, the refrigerant vapor that described absorbent solution produces in absorbing flash chamber.
8. absorption heat pump cycle method, including vaporizer link, absorber link, generator Link and condenser link, wherein
Vaporizer link, the working medium in the flash chamber of vaporizer is sprayed via evaporator condensation working medium Shower pipe road exports, and the working medium of evaporator condensation working medium spray piping conveying is by being located at flash chamber Outside evaporating heat exchanger and evaporation heating agent heat exchange, enter after evaporation heating agent absorbs heat and be positioned at Evaporator condensation working medium spray equipment in the flash chamber of vaporizer sprays, and sprays out A part for working medium flash distillation in flash chamber is refrigerant vapor, and described refrigerant vapor is transported to inhale Receive in device；
Absorber link, absorbent solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor of vaporizer generation and discharges high temperature Absorption heat, described absorb heat and export to outside by flowing through the absorption heating agent of absorption heat-exchange device, Absorbent solution in absorber is transported in generator；
Generator link, absorbent solution, by heat exchanger occurring and heating agent heat exchange occurring, absorbs After there is the heat of thermal source, a part of working medium in absorbent solution is converted into steam, dense through evaporation The absorbent solution of contracting is delivered to absorber；
Condenser link, the refrigerant vapor producing generator carries out condensation absorption condensation heat, Described condensation heat is taken away by the condensation heating agent flowing through condensing heat exchanger；Condense formation within the condenser Condensation working medium be transported to vaporizer via working medium pipeline.
Absorption heat pump cycle method the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that institute Stating absorber link, the absorbent solution in the absorption chamber of absorber is sprayed via the first absorbent solution Shower pipe road exports, and the absorbent solution of the first absorbent solution spray piping conveying is through being located at absorption chamber The first absorption entering the absorption chamber being positioned at absorber after outside absorption heat-exchange device heat exchange is molten Liquid spray equipment sprays, and it is raw that the absorbent solution sprayed out absorbs vaporizer in absorption chamber The refrigerant vapor become the absorption heat discharging high temperature, the described heat that absorbs is by absorption heat-exchange device The absorption heating agent on cold flow side exports to outside.
Absorption heat pump cycle method the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that Described vaporizer link, absorber link, generator link and condenser link are respectively adopted change Temperature-heat-source；Described generation heating agent, condensation heating agent, evaporation heating agent and absorption heating agent are liquid Fluid or gaseous fluid.
CN201610488254.1A 2016-06-28 2016-06-28 Absorption heat pump and evaporator and method thereof Pending CN105987544A (en)

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Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107677013A (en) * 2017-10-13 2018-02-09 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Continuous variable temperature distillation generator and absorption type circulating system
CN118517815A (en) * 2024-07-23 2024-08-20 安徽普泛能源技术有限公司 Absorption refrigeration system without circulating pump and operation method thereof

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CN1727810A (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-01 龚文浩 Multiple effective absorption type gas, liquid and solid circular sprinkled refrigeration system by using heat energy
CN2773566Y (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-04-19 龚文浩 Spraying multi-effect absorbing heat-energy refrigerator with gas-liquid-solid circulation
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CN206113423U (en) * 2016-06-28 2017-04-19 北京联力源科技有限公司 Absorption heat pump and evaporimeter thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3053055A (en) * 1960-03-02 1962-09-11 Carrier Corp Absorption refrigeration systems and control arrangements therefor
CN1727810A (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-01 龚文浩 Multiple effective absorption type gas, liquid and solid circular sprinkled refrigeration system by using heat energy
CN2773566Y (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-04-19 龚文浩 Spraying multi-effect absorbing heat-energy refrigerator with gas-liquid-solid circulation
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CN206113423U (en) * 2016-06-28 2017-04-19 北京联力源科技有限公司 Absorption heat pump and evaporimeter thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107677013A (en) * 2017-10-13 2018-02-09 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Continuous variable temperature distillation generator and absorption type circulating system
CN118517815A (en) * 2024-07-23 2024-08-20 安徽普泛能源技术有限公司 Absorption refrigeration system without circulating pump and operation method thereof

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