CN105986266B - Tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure - Google Patents
Tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure Download PDFInfo
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- CN105986266B CN105986266B CN201510986950.0A CN201510986950A CN105986266B CN 105986266 B CN105986266 B CN 105986266B CN 201510986950 A CN201510986950 A CN 201510986950A CN 105986266 B CN105986266 B CN 105986266B
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
Abstract
The invention belongs to laser melting and coating technique fields, and in particular to rare earth molten-salt electrolysis tungsten electrode laser multilayer renovation technique, the invention belongs to laser melting and coating technique fields, and in particular to a kind of tungsten cathode laser multilayer restorative procedure.Feature is：It clears up, tungsten electrode " necking down " position of polishing, oxide layer and corrosion layer is removed clean at room temperature；Then 4kW CO are used2Laser, numerical control table, NC table, using HUST IV type high-precisions powder feeder, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, under argon gas atmosphere protection, by-line cladding is on the surface of the workpiece line by line；Laser melting coating is carried out using single track plane SH wave mode, is obtained thick up to 6.0 ~ 10mm laminated coatings；Finally use carrying out flaw detection, it is ensured that cladding layer flawless, stomata, inclusion defect.This kind repairs, easy to operate, high temperature oxidation resistance and resistance to fused salt corrosion good advantage strong with associativity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to laser melting and coating technique fields, and in particular to a kind of tungsten cathode laser multilayer restorative procedure.
Background technology
Fused salt electrolysis process produces rare earth metal frequently with infusibility and noncorroding metal tungsten as cathode.Tungsten cathode is generally in electricity
1000 ~ 1100 DEG C, 5500 ~ 6000A of Faradaic current of matter electrolysis temperature is solved, decomposition voltage is to work under the operating mode of 10V.One
The service life of 80mm × 780mm tungsten cathodes is 6 ~ 7 months, and tungsten cathode loss most serious position is fused salt liquid level more than middle part
Position, this is mainly related with anodizing under high temperature.
In order to extend tungsten cathode service life, usually tungsten cathode is reversed end for end to install, the position to attenuate is placed on fused salt liquid level
It is continuing with below, but by the same token, entire tungsten cathode is still scrapped after 6 ~ 7 months, and service life is not still grown.
The Chinese utility model patent of publication number CN202011912 U,《Tungsten cathode for fused salt electrolysis》It proposes using water cooling
Protection, the visit method are in tungsten cathode outer cladding cooling protection circle, and cooling protection circle uses water-cooling pattern.
The Chinese utility model patent of publication number CN202671678 U,《Tungsten electrode stick protective device》This method is cloudy in tungsten
Stainless steel protection set is added on pole top, and protective case bottom is concordant with the liquid level of electrolyte.
Although above-mentioned technical proposal extends the service life of tungsten cathode, but oxidation corrosion problem still has, " necking down "
The reparation problem at position is not solved preferably.
Laser multilayer melting and coating technique is as a kind of functionally graded material and repairs re-manufacturing technology, has obtained in recent years rapid
Popularization and extensive use.
Laser multilayer cladding refers to precoating alloy powder or direct powder feeding on former cladding layer, repeats once or more
The technical process of secondary cladding, increases the thickness of cladding layer by multiple cladding, rapid parts manufacturing or to prepare gradient function new
Material.
It retrieves and investigates by applicant：The reparation at tungsten cathode " necking down " position, state are completed using laser multilayer melting and coating process
Interior industry does not see relevant report, at present, scientific research work difficult there are still some is processed using laser cladding method to metal hard to tolerate
Author needs further innovative research.
The content of the invention：
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to prior art difficult point, a kind of tungsten cathode laser is provided mostly into cladding restorative procedure, is somebody's turn to do
Method makes the tungsten electrode resistance to high temperature oxidation after reparation and anti-fused salt corrosion performance meets duty requirements, and realize laser cladding layer with
Base material bond strength is high, flawless when detecting.
Tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure, the coating material of multilayer cladding reparation use：Including：Carborundum SiC,
Tri- kinds of palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are the high purity granular sprills of -300 ~ 350 mesh, palladium granularity using grain
It is -200 ~ 300 mesh pure tungsten powders to spend for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree；By volume fraction SiC 20%-30%, Pd
0.5%-1.5%, remaining is W.
Further：By volume fraction SiC 20%-25%, Pd 0.5%-1%, remaining is W.
Further：By volume fraction SiC 25%, Pd 1%, remaining is W.
Tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure, it is as follows including step：
（a）At room temperature, clear up, tungsten cathode " necking down " position of polishing, " necking down " is surface portion fusion, by oxide layer
It is cleaned out with corrosion layer；
（b）Coating material：Tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are -300 ~ 350 mesh
High purity granular sprills, to use granularity for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree be that -200 ~ 300 mesh are pure to palladium granularity
Tungsten powder；
（c）By step（b）Coating material mixed-powder planetary high-energy ball mill in rotating speed 150-200r/min items
Under part, ball milling 8-10h is uniformly mixed in agate pot；
（d）Use 4kW CO2Laser, numerical control table, NC table are sprayed using HUST-IV type high-precisions powder feeder, coaxial powder-feeding
Mouth is tri- kinds of mixed-powders of SiC, Pd, W, and under argon gas atmosphere protection, by-line cladding is on the surface of the workpiece line by line；
（e）Detection：The size before and after cladding is detected by using micrometer, cladding thickness 10mm；Pass through flaw detection
Detection, it is ensured that cladding layer flawless, stomata, impurity defect.
Further：Cladding method is：
2.5 mm -3.0mm of spot diameter,
1500 ~ 2300W of laser power,
2 ~ 3mm/s of sweep speed,
Powder feeding rate 4.0-5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 150-200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.4-0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 15 ~ 20 layers.
Further：Cladding method is：
Spot diameter 3.0mm,
1500 ~ 2300W of laser power,
Sweep speed 2.5mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 4.5-5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 170-200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.45-0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 18 ~ 20 layers.
Further：Cladding method is：
Spot diameter 3.0mm,
1500 ~ 2300W of laser power,
Sweep speed 2.5mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 4.5-5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 170-200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.45-0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 18 ~ 20 layers.
The present invention is with conventional tungsten protection technics comparing, feature using 4kW CO2Laser is in tungsten cathode " contracting
Neck " position line by line by-line cladding have certain high-temperature oxidation resistant, erosion-resisting carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, from
The design of cladding material system, the optimization of melting and coating process and operating mode carry out the practice of system, and its advantage is：The overlay
Corrosion-resistant rate reach -4.8 × 10-4 g·h-1·cm-2~-5.5×10-4 g·h-1·cm-2；In air, 800 DEG C ~
850 DEG C of oxidations rate reach the g/10h of 0.0007 g/10h ~ 0.001；The technological operation is convenient, flexible.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1：
（a）At room temperature, clear up, tungsten cathode " necking down " position of polishing, " necking down " is surface portion fusion, by oxide layer
It is cleaned out with corrosion layer；
（b）Coating material：Tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are -300 ~ 350 mesh
High purity granular sprills, to use granularity for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree be that -200 ~ 300 mesh are pure to palladium granularity
Tungsten powder；
（c）By volume fraction SiC 20%, Pd 0.5%, remaining is turning for the mixed-powder planetary high-energy ball mill of W
Under the conditions of fast 150r/min, ball milling 10h is uniformly mixed in agate pot.
（d）Use 4kW CO2Laser, numerical control table, NC table are sprayed using HUST-IV type high-precisions powder feeder, coaxial powder-feeding
Mouth is mixed-powder, and under argon gas atmosphere protection, by-line cladding is on the surface of the workpiece line by line；
（e）Detection：The size before and after cladding is detected by using micrometer, cladding thickness 10mm；Pass through flaw detection
Detection, it is ensured that cladding layer flawless, stomata, impurity defect.
Further：Cladding method is：
2.5 mm of spot diameter,
Laser power 1700W,
Sweep speed 2.5mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 4.0g/min,
Powder throughput 180L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 20 layers.
The corrosion-resistant rate of the overlay reaches -5.5 × 10-4 g·h-1·cm-2；In air, 800 DEG C of oxidations rate
Reach 0.001 g/10h.
Embodiment 2：
（a）At room temperature, clear up, tungsten cathode " necking down " position of polishing, " necking down " is surface portion fusion, by oxide layer
It is cleaned out with corrosion layer；
（b）Coating material：Tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are -300 ~ 350 mesh
High purity granular sprills, to use granularity for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree be that -200 ~ 300 mesh are pure to palladium granularity
Tungsten powder；
（c）By volume fraction SiC 25%, Pd 1.5%, remaining is turning for the mixed-powder planetary high-energy ball mill of W
Under the conditions of fast 200r/min, ball milling 10h is uniformly mixed in agate pot.
（d）Use 4kW CO2Laser, numerical control table, NC table are sprayed using HUST-IV type high-precisions powder feeder, coaxial powder-feeding
Mouth is mixed-powder, and under argon gas atmosphere protection, by-line cladding is on the surface of the workpiece line by line；
（e）Detection：The size before and after cladding is detected by using micrometer, cladding thickness 6mm；It is examined by detecting a flaw
It surveys, it is ensured that cladding layer flawless, stomata, impurity defect.
Further：Cladding method is：
3.0 mm of spot diameter,
Laser power 2000W,
Sweep speed 3.0mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 4.5g/min,
Powder throughput 200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.4/mm,
It is co-deposited 15 layers.
The corrosion-resistant rate of the overlay reaches -5.0 × 10-4 g·h-1·cm-2；In air, 850 DEG C of oxidations rate
Reach 0.0007 g/10h.
Embodiment 3：
（a）At room temperature, clear up, tungsten cathode " necking down " position of polishing, " necking down " is surface portion fusion, by oxide layer
It is cleaned out with corrosion layer；
（b）Coating material：Tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are -300 ~ 350 mesh
High purity granular sprills, to use granularity for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree be that -200 ~ 300 mesh are pure to palladium granularity
Tungsten powder；
（c）By volume fraction SiC 30%, Pd 1.0%, remaining is turning for the mixed-powder planetary high-energy ball mill of W
Under the conditions of fast 170r/min, ball milling 10h is uniformly mixed in agate pot.
（d）Use 4kW CO2Laser, numerical control table, NC table are sprayed using HUST-IV type high-precisions powder feeder, coaxial powder-feeding
Mouth is mixed-powder, and under argon gas atmosphere protection, by-line cladding is on the surface of the workpiece line by line；
（e）Detection：The size before and after cladding is detected by using micrometer, cladding thickness 7.2mm；Pass through flaw detection
Detection, it is ensured that cladding layer flawless, stomata, impurity defect.
Further：Cladding method is：
3.0 mm of spot diameter,
Laser power 2300W,
Sweep speed 3.0mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.4/mm,
It is co-deposited 18 layers.
The corrosion-resistant rate of the overlay reaches -4.8 × 10-4 g·h-1·cm-2；In air, 800 DEG C of oxidations rate
Reach 0.0009 g/10h.
Claims (7)
1. tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure, which is characterized in that the coating material of multilayer cladding reparation uses：Including：
Tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are high purity granular sprills, the palladium of -300 ~ 350 mesh
It for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree is -200 ~ 300 mesh pure tungsten powders that granularity, which uses granularity,；By volume fraction SiC
20%-30%, Pd 0.5%-1.5%, remaining is W.
2. tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by volume fraction SiC
20%-25%, Pd 0.5%-1%, remaining is W.
3. tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by volume fraction SiC
25%, Pd 1%, remaining is W.
4. the tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure according to claim 1,2 or 3, which is characterized in that
It is as follows including step：
（a）At room temperature, clear up, tungsten cathode " necking down " position of polishing, " necking down " is surface portion fusion, by oxide layer and corruption
Erosion layer is cleaned out；
（b）Coating material：Tri- kinds of carborundum SiC, palladium Pd, pure tungsten W mixed-powders, wherein SiC granularities are the height of -300 ~ 350 mesh
It for the pure palladium powder of -140 ~ 300 purposes, tungsten particle degree is -200 ~ 300 mesh pure tungsten powders that pure particulate powder, palladium granularity, which use granularity,；
（c）By step（b）Coating material mixed-powder planetary high-energy ball mill under the conditions of rotating speed 150-200r/min,
Ball milling 8-10h is uniformly mixed in agate pot；
（d）Use 4kW CO2Laser, numerical control table, NC table utilize HUST-IV type high-precisions powder feeder, coaxial powder-feeding nozzle handle
Tri- kinds of mixed-powders of SiC, Pd, W, under argon gas atmosphere protection, by-line cladding is on the surface of the workpiece line by line；
（e）Detection：The size before and after cladding is detected by using micrometer, 6.0 ~ 10mm of cladding thickness；Pass through flaw detection
Detection, it is ensured that cladding layer flawless, stomata, impurity defect.
5. tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure according to claim 4, which is characterized in that cladding method is：
2.5 mm of spot diameter ~ 3.0mm,
1500 ~ 2300W of laser power,
2 ~ 3mm/s of sweep speed,
Powder feeding rate 4.0-5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 150-200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.4-0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 15 ~ 20 layers.
6. tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure according to claim 5, which is characterized in that cladding method is：
Spot diameter 3.0mm,
1500 ~ 2300W of laser power,
Sweep speed 2.5mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 4.5-5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 170-200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.45-0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 18 ~ 20 layers.
7. tungsten cathode laser multilayer cladding restorative procedure according to claim 5, which is characterized in that cladding method is：
Spot diameter 3.0mm,
1500 ~ 2300W of laser power,
Sweep speed 2.5mm/s,
Powder feeding rate 4.5-5.0g/min,
Powder throughput 170-200L/h is carried,
Z-axis individual layer stroke 0.45-0.5/mm,
It is co-deposited 18 ~ 20 layers.
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| CN111451501B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-12-21 | 季华实验室 | Preparation method for laser additive manufacturing of tungsten part based on eutectic reaction |
| CN113897642A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-07 | 内蒙金属材料研究所 | Tungsten cathode for molten salt electrolysis, preparation method thereof and application of laser cladding technology |
| CN114561671B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-08-18 | 包头市玺骏稀土有限责任公司 | Rare earth metal electrolytic cathode protection method and cathode |
| CN114606540B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-07-14 | 包头市玺骏稀土有限责任公司 | Rare earth metal electrolytic cathode protection method and cathode |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001056736A2 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Optomec Design Company | Laser assisted direct material deposition with modified absorption |
| JP2013166975A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-29 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Surface-treated aluminum alloy sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001056736A2 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Optomec Design Company | Laser assisted direct material deposition with modified absorption |
| JP2013166975A (en) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-29 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Surface-treated aluminum alloy sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
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