CN105979790B - Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶改善动物生产性能的用途 - Google Patents
Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶改善动物生产性能的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105979790B CN105979790B CN201480067433.7A CN201480067433A CN105979790B CN 105979790 B CN105979790 B CN 105979790B CN 201480067433 A CN201480067433 A CN 201480067433A CN 105979790 B CN105979790 B CN 105979790B
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Abstract
本发明涉及将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的饲料组合物来改善动物生产性能、减少氮排泄和/或减少肠道炎症的用途。此外,本发明涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的饲料组合物或饲料添加剂。本发明涉及以下发现:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够有效地水解小麦、大麦和相关谷类物种中存在的α‑淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,以及水解豆类、含油种子和块茎中存在的胰蛋白酶抑制剂。此外,本发明涉及改善动物生产性能的方法,包括改善饲料转化率、和/或改善每日体重增加、和/或减少肠道炎症、和/或减少氮排泄,所述动物用包含α‑淀粉酶和/或胰蛋白酶抑制剂的饲料喂养,所述方法包括经口施用足够量的所述Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。本发明还涉及用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶预处理饲料。
Description
发明简述
本发明涉及将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的饲料组合物来改善动物生产性能、减少氮排泄和/或改善蛋白质消化的用途。此外,本发明涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的饲料组合物或饲料添加剂。本发明涉及以下发现:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够有效地水解小麦、大麦和相关谷类物种中存在的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,以及水解豆类、含油种子和块茎中存在的胰蛋白酶抑制剂。此外,本发明涉及改善动物生产性能的方法,包括改善饲料转化率、和/或改善每日体重增加、和/或减少肠道炎症、和/或减少氮排泄,所述动物用包含α-淀粉酶和/或胰蛋白酶抑制剂的饲料喂养,所述方法包括经口施用足够量的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。本发明还涉及用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶预处理饲料。本发明还涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的饲料组合物用于减少动物肠道炎症的用途。
发明背景
蛋白质是动物和人类必要的营养物质。大多数牲畜和人类从植物蛋白质来源获得大部分必要的蛋白质。重要的植物蛋白质来源为例如含油种子作物、豆类和谷类。当单胃动物诸如猪和家禽的饲料包含例如豆粕时,大部分豆粕固体未被消化。例如,仔猪和生长期的猪中的表观回肠蛋白质消化率分别记录为仅77%和84%。
确实,谷物粮食、豆类和块茎包含大量抗营养因子和潜在的过敏原,诸如小麦、大麦和相关谷类中存在的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,或大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Kunitz型抑制剂和/或Bowman-Birk抑制剂),该抑制阻碍了最佳生长性能,可改变动物的健康,并导致氮不必要地释放到环境中。
大多数植物贮藏器官诸如种子和块茎包含其总蛋白质的1-10%的具有不同生物化学性质和结构性质的蛋白酶抑制剂,所述蛋白酶抑制剂抑制不同类型的蛋白酶。蛋白质抑制剂根据其抑制的酶类型分为:丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或金属羧基蛋白酶抑制剂。
植物过敏原是一群广泛的植物蛋白,其包含植物防御体系的Cupin和醇溶谷蛋白超家族以及蛋白类分子。所述醇溶谷蛋白超家族包括豆类、坚果、谷物、水果和蔬菜的几种重要类型的过敏原,以及谷物α-淀粉酶和蛋白酶抑制剂。基于结构相似,具有植物来源的蛋白类α-淀粉酶抑制剂通常分为六个家族,包括血凝素样(lectin-like)、诺特样(knottin-like)、CM-蛋白、库尼兹样(Kunitz-like)、C-嘌呤硫素样以及奇异果甜蛋白样(thaumatin-like)(Richardson,1990)。CM(氯仿-甲醇)-蛋白来自谷物种子的大蛋白家族,包含120至160个氨基酸残基和五个二硫键。它们显示了典型的双头α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶结构域。这一特性使得它们有可能抑制α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶样的酶的活性。α-淀粉酶抑制剂0.19是该家族被研究最多的抑制剂之一;其具有广泛的特异性,并抑制来自昆虫、鸟类和哺乳动物的α-淀粉酶。大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(Kunitz型)在1945年首先由Kunitz发现。
WO 2011/137322最近公开,小麦和相关谷类中包含的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂家族成员是人类肠道中先天免疫应答的强诱导剂。在家畜中,此效应转化为亚最佳动物生产性能、消化率降低以及肠道炎症。
如Munir与Maqsood,EJFA,2013,25:66-80的最近评述所概述,在动物饲料中使用外源酶是改善动物生产性能的最有前途的策略之一。
WO 2011/137322公开了将抗α-淀粉酶抗体CM 3用于治疗乳糜泻患者或处理食物组合物的用途,并考虑将蛋白酶的使用作为替代。然而,关于有效地水解动物胃肠道中的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂或大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂以改善消化率和动物生产性能的特异性酶没有记载。
期望提供一种安全、有效且具有成本竞争力的途径来分解家畜胃肠道中谷类的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂以及豆类、含油种子和块茎的胰蛋白酶抑制剂,以减少肠道炎症、减少氮排泄以及改善动物生产性能,所述家畜用包含所述抑制剂的组合物饲养。
发明内容
出人意料的是,本发明人发现,酶即Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶具有水解动物胃肠系统中的植物过敏原/抗营养因子,诸如α-淀粉酶和/或胰蛋白酶抑制剂,从而改善动物生产性能、减少氮排泄和减少肠道炎症的巨大潜力。
因此本发明涉及Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的饲料组合物来改善动物生产性能的用途。
Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(AGP)(EC 3.4.23.19)此前称为曲霉胃蛋白酶II,从Aspergillus niger var.macrosporus分离,是属于肽酶家族A4的独特蛋白酶。该酶与属于肽酶家族A1(典型的胃蛋白酶型酸性蛋白酶)的天冬氨酸蛋白酶不同源,因此对其特异性抑制剂诸如胃酶抑素A不敏感。因此,该酶也被归为“胃酶抑素不敏感的”酸性蛋白酶。在目前已知的谷氨酸肽酶中,AGP的特征在于它是唯一的双链酶。酶的氨基酸序列与典型的天冬氨酸蛋白酶的序列无同源性。
根据本发明的术语Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶包括与Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot识别号P24665)的氨基酸序列具有至少70%同一性的酶,例如与P24665具有至少80%、85%、90%、95%、98%、99%同一性的酶。根据本发明的最优选的同源酶是来自Scytalidium lignicolum的scytalidoglutamis肽酶、来自Crypphonectria parasitica的酸性肽酶B和C以及来自Sclerotina sclerotiorum的酸性蛋白酶。
本文所公开的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可以以纯的形式,或以包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的制剂的形式存在,其中至少40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、95%或更多的蛋白酶活性来源于Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,其中活性以HPU(组氨酸蛋白酶单位)表示;一个HPU为每分钟水解血红蛋白的量的酶的量,得到溶液在275nm下的光密度等于在0.1mol/L的HCl溶液中含有每mL1μg L-酪氨酸的溶液的光密度。测试条件为:pH1.75,温度40℃,孵育期间的血红蛋白浓度16.7g/L。
活性(HPU/mL)=(OD样本–OD空白/S)×11/30
其中:
OD样本:样本滤液的光密度(275nm)
OD空白:空白样本滤液的光密度(275nm)
S:1.1μg/mL L-酪氨酸标准溶液的OD(mL/μg)
30:孵育时间(分钟)
11:反应混合物的总体积(mL)。
根据本发明的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可根据Handbook ofProteolytic Enzymes,A.J.Barret,N.D.Rawlings,and J.F.Woessner eds.;AcademicPress;或PCT/EP2013/066899所公开制备。
根据本发明,改善的动物生产性能的特征在于改善的饲料转化率、改善的每日体重增加、改善的消化率、减少的氮排泄和/或减少的肠道炎症。动物生产性能可通过本领域熟知的方法评估,并且通常以饲料转化率、饲料摄入量、消化率、体重增加、胴体产率表征。肠道炎症将导致饲料摄入减少,或消化率降低。
术语“动物”包括所有动物,包括人类在内。根据本发明的优选的动物是单胃动物(单室胃),更优选的是选自非反刍动物的单胃动物,特别是:宠物(包括但不限于马、猫和狗)、家禽(包括但不限于火鸡、鸭和鸡)、猪或豚(包括但不限于仔猪、生长期的猪和母猪)、鱼(包括但不限于鲑鱼、鳟鱼、罗非鱼、鲶鱼和鲤鱼)以及兔子。
术语“饲料”或“饲料组合物”意指适于或旨在用于动物摄入的任何化合物、制剂、混合物或组合物。在一个实施方式中,饲料具有能量内容(例如治疗剂除外)。在另一个实施方式中,饲料中包括一种或多种植物蛋白质。这些植物蛋白质可部分来源于豆类例如大豆、菜豆或豌豆,部分来源于谷类例如小麦、大麦或玉米,部分来源于含油种子例如向日葵种子或油菜籽,和/或部分来源于块茎例如马铃薯。在根据本发明的用途中,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶可在膳食之前、之后或与膳食同时饲喂动物。后者是优选的。
毫无疑问,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶应以有效量,即足以改善淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂、Kunitz抑制剂和/或Bowman-Birk抑制剂的消化和/或分解,从而改善饲料的营养值的量施用。目前设想,酶例如以下述量中的一者或多者施用:约0.01mg至约100mg酶/kg动物饲料,或优选地约0.05mg至约50mg酶/kg动物饲料,更优选地0.1至10mg酶/kg动物饲料。
提供给动物的酶正常日剂量/饲料摄入量取决于动物的种类及其状况,并且可由本领域的技术人员容易地调整。就根据本发明的用途而言,饲料包含下述量的酶单位的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶/Kg饲料,所述量能够消化60%至95%的在小麦、大豆或相关谷类中携带的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。优选地,饲料组合物包含1至10000HPU/Kg饲料,更优选地10至5000HPU/Kg饲料,甚至更优选地50至1000HPU/Kg饲料。
改善的动物生产性能优选地以改善的饲料转化率、改善的每日体重增加、改善的消化率和/或减少的肠道炎症测量。饲料转化率(FCR)可根据标准动物生长试验确定,包括其中酶以合适的浓度/kg饲料加入动物饲料的第一处理,和酶不加入动物饲料的第二处理(对照)。FCR以饲料摄入(g)/动物除以体重增加(g)/动物计算。改善的FCR小于对照FCR是公知的。更优选地,就本发明的用途而言,改善的饲料转化率意指在常规的动物生产性能试验中测量时减少最少1%。优选地,饲料转化率减少至少2%,更优选地减少至少2.5%,甚至更优选地减少至少3%,最优选地减少至少3.5%。
就Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于动物饲料的用途的实现而言,酶可通过饲料配制和加工领域本身已知的方法掺入饲料。在具体实施方式中,如US 2008/0031998所述,酶配制为包含有机酸的锌盐的酶颗粒,以使其耐受蒸汽制粒。因此,本发明涉及将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于包含小麦、大麦或大豆的饲料组合物以改善动物生产性能的用途,其中Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶是包含有机酸的锌盐的颗粒的形式。在具体实施方式中,有机酸的锌盐是水溶性的。当与动物饲料使用时,重要的是用于颗粒的材料具有某种纯度,因此在本发明的一个实施方式中,有机酸的锌盐是食品级。有机酸的有机锌盐可选自但不限于:柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、甲二磺酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、甲酸、乙酸、丁酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、酒石酸、抗坏血酸、葡糖酸的锌盐、氨基酸水合物的锌螯合物以及它们的组合所组成的组。
在本发明的具体实施方式中,有机酸的锌盐选自:柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、甲二磺酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、甲酸、乙酸的锌盐和氨基酸水合物的锌螯合物组成的组。有机酸的锌盐可选自:柠檬酸锌、苹果酸锌、马来酸锌、丙二酸锌、甲二磺酸锌、琥珀酸锌、乳酸锌、甲酸锌、乙酸锌、丁酸锌、丙酸锌、苯甲酸锌、酒石酸锌、抗坏血酸锌、葡糖酸锌、甲二磺酸锌、赖氨酸锌、甲硫氨酸锌以及它们的组合组成的组。有机酸的锌盐可选自:柠檬酸锌、苹果酸锌、马来酸锌、丙二酸锌、甲二磺酸锌、琥珀酸锌、乳酸锌、甲酸锌、乙酸锌、丁酸锌、丙酸锌、苯甲酸锌、酒石酸锌、抗坏血酸锌、葡糖酸锌、甲二磺酸锌、赖氨酸锌以及它们的组合组成的组。
此外,根据本发明的饲料组合物还可包含一种或多种额外的外源酶,所述外源酶选自:植酸酶(EC 3.1.3.8或3.1.3.26)、木聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.8)、半乳聚糖酶(EC3.2.1.89)、α-半乳糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.22)、蛋白酶(EC 3.4.)、磷脂酶A1(EC 3.1.1.32)、磷脂酶A2(EC 3.1.1.4)、溶血磷脂酶(EC 3.1.1.5)、磷脂酶C(EC 3.1.4.3)、磷脂酶D(EC3.1.4.4)、淀粉酶诸如例如α-淀粉酶(EC 3.2.1.1)和/或β-葡聚糖酶(EC 3.2.1.4或EC3.2.1.6)或它们的任何混合物。
优选地,根据本发明的饲料组合物或饲料添加剂还包含一种或多种额外的外源酶,该外源酶选自额外的蛋白酶(例如:RONOZYME-ProAct)和/或植酸酶(例如:RONOZYME-HiPhos)。
本发明涉及Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的组合物和用途,因此上述实施方式特别地涉及包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的饲料组合物或饲料添加剂。优选地,饲料组合物包含2至10000HPU/Kg饲料,更优选地10至5000HPU/Kg饲料,甚至更优选地50至1000HPU/Kg饲料。
在根据本发明的所有实施方式中,谷类选自小麦、大麦、玉米或黑麦,豆类选自大豆、菜豆或豌豆,含油种子选自向日葵种子或油菜籽,并且块茎为马铃薯。优选地,谷类选自小麦、大麦、玉米,并且豆类选自大豆。在优选的发明的最优选的实施方式中,谷类为小麦以及豆类为大豆。
因此,根据本发明的优选饲料组合物包含选自小麦、大麦或玉米的谷类,选自大豆的豆类,含油种子和/或块茎,更优选地,其包含选自小麦的谷类,以及选自大豆的豆类。
本发明的饲料组合物的具体例子如下:
—动物饲料添加剂,其包含(a)Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,(b)至少一种脂溶性维生素,(c)至少一种水溶性维生素,和/或(d)至少一种痕量矿物质;
—动物饲料组合物,其包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶和50-800g/kg饲料的粗蛋白含量。
—动物饲料组合物,其包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶和选自小麦、大麦或相关谷类物种的谷类。优选地,所述饲料组合物包含5-60重量%选自小麦、大麦或相关谷类物种的谷类,更优选地,所述谷类是小麦。
所谓的预混物为本发明的动物饲料添加剂的例子。预混物是指优选地一种或多种微量成分与稀释剂和/或载体的均匀混合物。预混物用于促进微量成分在大型混合物中的均匀分散。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及用于饲料组合物的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,该饲料组合物包含小麦、大麦、大豆或相关谷类,以减少动物的肠道炎症。
在又一个实施方式中,本发明涉及改善动物生产性能的方法,包括改善用谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎饲养的动物的饲料转化率,和/或改善每日体重增加,和/或减少氮排泄,和/或减少肠道炎症,该方法包括经口施用足够量的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。更优选地,谷类选自小麦或大麦,豆类为大豆;甚至更优选地,谷类为小麦以及豆类为大豆。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明涉及将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于预处理包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的动物饲料或动物饲料组分的用途。优选地,谷类选自小麦或大麦,以及豆类为大豆;更优选地,谷类为小麦以及豆类为大豆。本领域的技术人员将根据被处理的饲料组合物估算加入饲料的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的量,以及分解蛋白酶抑制剂所需的时间。就小麦类饲料而言,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶以50至5000HPU/Kg小麦,优选地100至2000HPU/Kg小麦加入。
由根据本发明的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶分解的植物过敏原蛋白酶抑制剂优选地为特别地在小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦及其杂交(cross-related)品种中发现的那些抑制剂,诸如α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,更优选地,根据其被Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的快速分解,植物过敏原为CM 2、CM 3、CM 16和0.19,甚至更优选地CM 3和0.19。CM 3氨基酸序列标识号为SwissProt P01083,而0.19氨基酸序列标识号为Swiss ProtP01085。此外,Kunitz型(Swiss Prot ID:P01070)和Bowman-Birk型(Swiss Prot ID:P01055)大豆蛋白酶抑制剂也被Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶有效地分解,从而有助于改善动物生产性能。
在上述方法中,加入饲料组合物的优选的酶量取决于饲料基质和α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂的预估量。
在又一个实施方式中,本发明涉及由上述方法制备的、用于分解饲料组合物中的淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂的饲料,该方法包括用Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶孵育包含植物过敏原/蛋白酶抑制剂的饲料组合物足以水解植物过敏原/蛋白酶抑制剂的时间,所述饲料组合物包含被分解的α-淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。
在又一个实施方式中,本发明涉及将所有上述实施方式的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的食物组合物,以改善人的蛋白质消化率的用途。
在又一个实施方式中,本发明涉及将Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于预处理包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的食物或食品材料,以防止加工期间的热预处理的用途。优选的食品材料为包含食物成分的大豆。
图例
图1:小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂与不同的蛋白酶+胃蛋白酶在模拟胃条件下的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。包括两个无额外的酶的具有胃蛋白酶处理的对照。箭头表示α淀粉酶制剂中存在的三种主要蛋白质产物的位置。
-分子量标记:第1、2和15道
-Aspergillus niger脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶处理:t=0,第3道;t=90分钟,第4道
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:t=0,第5道;t=90分钟,第6道
-胃蛋白酶:t=0,第7道;t=90分钟,第8道
-木瓜蛋白酶:t=0,第9道;t=90分钟,第10道
-Multifect PR 15L:t=0,第11道;t=90分钟,第12道
-曲霉胃蛋白酶I:t=0,第13道;t=90分钟,第14道
-胃蛋白酶:t=0,第16道;t=90分钟,第17道。
图2:小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂的制备性SDS-PAGE,来鉴定带B1至G1中存在的丰度最高的蛋白质的性质。
图3:大豆来源胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂与不同的蛋白酶+胃蛋白酶在模拟胃条件下的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。包括一个无额外的酶的具有胃蛋白酶处理的对照。箭头表示被分解的大豆来源胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂中存在的上部主要蛋白质产物的位置。
-分子量标记:第M道
-胃蛋白酶:t=0,第1道;t=60分钟,第2道
-Aspergillus niger脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶:t=0,第3道;t=60分钟,第4道
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:t=0,第5道;t=60分钟,第6道
-Multifect PR 15L:t=0,第7道;t=60分钟,第8道
-曲霉胃蛋白酶I:t=0,第9道;t=60分钟,第10道
图4:小麦来源嘌呤硫素与不同的蛋白酶+胃蛋白酶在模拟胃条件下的各种孵育的4-12%SDS-PAGE(4-12%Bis-Tris凝胶)分析。箭头表示纯化的嘌呤硫素的位置。
-分子量标记:第1、2、9和10道
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶:t=0,第3道;t=90分钟,第4道
-Aspergillus niger脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶:t=0,第5道;t=90分钟,第6道
-Multifect PR 15L(来自里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶):t=0,第7道;t=90分钟,第8道。
通过以下实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在模拟胃条件下有效地裂解小麦来源α淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂,而其他酸性内切蛋白酶则无此效果。
材料和方法
来自Aspergillus niger的曲霉胃蛋白酶I的产生
来自Aspergillus niger的曲霉胃蛋白酶I的基因(pepA;An14g04710)使用如WO98/46772所述的方法在Aspergillus niger宿主中过表达。WO 98/46772公开了如何在包含乙酰胺的琼脂平板上选择转化体,以及如何选择目标多拷贝整合体。选择包含表达盒的多拷贝的A.niger转化体用于样本材料的进一步产生。在改良的CSM-发酵培养基pH 6.2(40g/l麦芽糖、30g/l Bacto-大豆胨、70g/l柠檬酸三钠二水合物、15g/l(NH4)2SO4、1g/l NaH2PO4*2H2O、1g/l MgSO4*7H2O、1g/l L-Arg、0.25ml/l Clerol消泡剂)中发酵转化的Aspergillusniger菌株。通过过滤、无菌过滤然后通过超滤浓缩获得培养液。将酶施加到Q-sepharoseXK 26/10柱,在50mmol/l乙酸钠pH5.6中进行色谱分析,然后用盐梯度洗脱。各级分中存在的曲霉胃蛋白酶I蛋白通过4-12%SDS-PAGE(NuPAGE Bis-TrisGel,Invitrogen)后判断染色蛋白带的强度来定量。
酶法测定
孵育在50mmol/l柠檬酸钠pH4.0中37℃下进行90分钟。在所有相关孵育中,胃蛋白酶以0.2mg/ml的酶蛋白浓度存在。脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶以0.5mg酶蛋白/ml的浓度,其他酸性内切蛋白酶以0.05mg酶蛋白/ml的浓度测试。淀粉酶抑制剂最后加入,并以2mg/ml的浓度存在。
在t=0时,将100微升反应混合物转移到400微升25%TCA。在37℃下孵育90分钟后,将另外100微升转移到400微升新鲜TCA溶液。在4℃下2小时后,在14000rpm下离心样本10分钟。在离心后,加入65微升磷酸盐缓冲液pH7、25微升十二烷基硫酸锂(LiDS)和10微升样本还原剂。样本在4℃下保存过夜,然后按照Invitrogen方案(Invitrogen,www.lifetechnologies.com)制备用于SDS-PAGE。
Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶活性(HPU)的确定
将20.0g来自牛血的血红蛋白(Sigma产品H2625)在室温下搅拌10分钟,悬浮于大约700mL水中。在加入3.73g氯化钾(KCl)后,用0.5mol/L盐酸将pH调整为1.75。用水将血红蛋白悬浮液的体积调整至1L。再次检查pH,并调整为pH1.75。
酶溶液通过如下步骤制备:将如上文所公开产生的纯化的曲霉谷氨酸肽酶溶解于包含3.73g/l KCl的KCl/HCl缓冲液中,用2.0mol/L HCl调至pH1.75。为测试曲霉谷氨酸肽酶活性,在40℃下加热5ml血红蛋白溶液,随后加入1mL活性在5和25个组氨酸蛋白酶单位(HPU/mL)之间的酶溶液来启动反应。在30分钟后,加入5mL三氯乙酸溶液(140g/L)停止反应,以沉淀较大的肽片段。通过向5mL血红蛋白溶液和5mL三氯乙酸溶液的混合物中加入1.0mL酶样本来进行空白测量。将试管在40℃下孵育30分钟以完成沉淀。在离心后,在275nm下测量包含小肽的澄清上清液的光密度。将结果与1μg/mL L-酪氨酸溶液进行比较。
一个HPU为每分钟的水解血红蛋白的量的酶的量,得到溶液在275nm下的光密度等于在0.1mol/L的HCl溶液中含有每mL 1μg L-酪氨酸的溶液的光密度。测试条件为:pH1.75,温度40℃,孵育期间的血红蛋白浓度16.7g/L。
活性(HPU/mL)=(OD样本–OD空白/S)×11/30
其中:
OD样本:样本滤液(275nm)的光密度
OD空白:空白样本滤液(275nm)的光密度
S:1.1μg/mL L-酪氨酸标准溶液的OD(mL/μg)
30:孵育时间(分钟)
11:反应混合物的总体积(mL)
LC-MS/MS分析
体外消化
将样本溶解于MilliQ水中至1mg/ml。溶液在100mM NH4HCO3(pH7.8)中稀释10倍。通过加入DTT 5mM,在室温下孵育30分钟还原样本,并且通过加入碘乙酰胺(IAA)5.5mM,在室温下黑暗中孵育30分钟烷基化样本。胰蛋白酶的消化在37℃下过夜进行。
胶内消化
使用ExQuest点切胶仪(Biorad,Hercules,CA,美国)从凝胶切下凝胶带,并转移到lo-蛋白质结合MTP(Eppendorf,Hamburg德国)。胶块通过加入75μl 50mM NH4HCO3至溶胀以及加入75μl乙腈收缩来洗涤,总共洗涤3次。用胰蛋白酶消化洗涤的胶块,消化在37℃下孵育过夜进行。样本超声处理1分钟,并将上清液收集到注射瓶中。
LC-MS/MS分析
样本酸化至1%甲酸,并在Accela-LTQ-Velos(Thermo Scientific,San Diego,CA,美国)上分析。色谱分离用2.1×100mm 1.8微米粒度、孔径、C-18Eclipse XDBZorbax柱(Agilent Santa Clara,CA,美国)进行,使用(A)包含0.1%甲酸的LC-MS级水(B)包含0.1%甲酸溶液的LC-MS级乙腈(Biosolve BV,the Netherlands)作为移动相进行梯度洗脱。梯度为在83分钟内从5%至40%B。流速保持0.4ml/min,使用25μl的注射体积,柱温度设定为50℃。MS数据采集使用前10数据依赖性采集进行,质量范围400-2000m/z,使用动态排除,包括仅2和3的电荷状态。进行MS/MS实验,分离宽度设定为3.0,归一化碰撞能设定为35。使用Sorcerer 2搜索引擎和Trans Proteome Pipeline(TPP)进行数据库搜索,使用胰蛋白酶作为优选的酶。仅考虑置信度>90%的蛋白质。搜索Swissprot数据库的数据。
结果
在本实施例中,我们展示了(参见图1),在模拟胃条件下,在多个酸性内切蛋白酶中,仅Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够有效地分解包括各种小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂(来自小麦种子的α淀粉酶抑制剂,1型,Sigma)的纯化制剂。在实验中,在存在胃蛋白酶(对照)的情况下比较以下酶的功效:
-胃蛋白酶(猪胃粘膜,Sigma)
-来自Aspergillus niger的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶(MaxiPro PSP,DSM FoodSpecialities,Delft,荷兰)
-木瓜蛋白酶(Collupuline,DSM Food Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶也称为曲霉胃蛋白酶II(MaxiPro HSP,DSMFood Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
-曲霉胃蛋白酶I(参见材料和方法)
-Multifect PR 15L(来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶;http//biosciences.dupont.com)。
结果(参见图1)显示,纯化的小麦麸质α淀粉酶抑制剂制剂包括三个主要蛋白质带,大小为大约12kDa(参见箭头)。这些数据还显示,在模拟胃条件下和在存在胃蛋白酶和等量各种蛋白酶的情况下,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在α淀粉酶抑制剂的纯化制剂中存在的这三条主要的带的分解中最有效。
为确认这些带的每个中存在的不同蛋白质的性质,如上文材料和方法所述,切下并提取样本的胶带,使用LC-MS/MS分析鉴定存在的蛋白质。
在这种情况下,10mg/ml Sigmaα淀粉酶抑制剂溶液用水稀释10倍。然后将65微升该溶液与25微升LiDS样本缓冲液和10微升样本还原剂混合,在70℃下加热10分钟,然后根据Invitrogen方案通过SDS-PAGE分离蛋白质。然后用50%甲醇/7%乙酸固定凝胶1小时,用脱矿质水漂洗两次,并用Sypro Ruby染色过夜。获得三条推定的α淀粉酶抑制剂带的凝胶样本,如图2所示。根据从提取的蛋白质获得的LC-MS/MS数据,带C1和B1中存在的丰度最高的蛋白质是小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂,SwissProt登录号为P17314(CM 3)和P16159(CM 16),带E1和D1中为小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂P01085(0.19)、P16851(CM 2)和P16159(CM 16),带G1和F1中为P01083(CM 3)。
该数据显示,出人意料的是,在胃条件下,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在小麦来源α淀粉酶抑制剂,最显著的是,小麦α淀粉酶抑制剂:CM 2、CM 3、CM 16和0.19的分解中是最有效的。
实施例2:动物饲料添加剂
动物饲料添加剂通过向以下预混物(每千克预混物)加入100000HPU Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶来制备:
实施例3:动物饲料
具有以下组合物(%,w/w)的肉鸡生长期(grower)膳食通过将成分混合来制备。小麦、黑麦和SBM 48购自Moulin Moderne Hirsinque,Hirsingue,法国。在混合后,饲料在所需温度例如约70℃下制粒(3×25mm)。
所得的动物饲料包含1000HPU Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶/kg。
实施例4:仔猪饲料
包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的仔猪饲料可通过在室温下使用常规混合设备将以下成分混合在一起来制备。
原则上,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶预混物可包含1-20%的Aspergillusniger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。
*海盐,磷酸二钙和碳酸钙;
**赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸和苏氨酸;
***维生素A、E、D3、K3、B1、B2、B6、B12、C,生物素,叶酸,烟酸,泛酸,氯化胆碱,硫酸铜,硫酸铁,氧化锰,氧化锌,碳酸钴,碘化钙和亚硒酸钠。
实施例5:生长期的猪饲料
包含Aspergillus niger谷氨酸肽酶的生长期的猪饲料可通过在室温下使用常规混合设备将以下成分混合在一起来制备。
实施例6:肉鸡幼雏期(starter)饲料
包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的肉鸡饲料(“幼雏期”)可通过在室温下使用常规混合设备将以下成分混合在一起来制备。
实施例7:肉鸡生长期饲料
包含Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶的肉鸡饲料(“生长期”)可通过在室温下使用常规混合设备将以下成分混合在一起来制备。
实施例8:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在模拟胃条件下有效地裂解大豆来源胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂,而其他酸性内切蛋白酶则无此效果。
材料和方法
酶法分析
孵育在50mmol/l柠檬酸钠pH4.0中37℃下进行60分钟。在所有相关孵育中,胃蛋白酶以0.2mg/ml的酶蛋白浓度存在。所有肽酶在0.5mg酶蛋白/ml的浓度中测试。胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂(购自Sigma T9777)最后加入,并以2mg/ml的浓度存在。
在t=0时,将100微升反应混合物转移到400微升25%TCA。在37℃下孵育60分钟后,将另外100微升转移到400微升新鲜TCA溶液。在4℃下18小时后,在14000rpm下离心样本30分钟。在离心后,加入65微升磷酸盐缓冲液pH7,25微升十二烷基硫酸锂(LiDS)和10微升样本还原剂,并按照Invitrogen方案(Invitrogen,www.lifetechnologies.com)准备SDS-PAGE。
结果
在本实施例中,我们展示了,在模拟胃条件下,在多个酸性内切蛋白酶中,仅Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶能够有效地分解包括来自大豆的胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶(Sigma)的纯化制剂。在实验中,在存在胃蛋白酶(对照)的情况下比较以下酶的功效:
-胃蛋白酶(猪胃粘膜,Sigma)
-来自Aspergillus niger的脯氨酸特异性内切蛋白酶(MaxiPro PSP,DSM FoodSpecialities,Delft,荷兰)
-Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶也称为曲霉胃蛋白酶II(MaxiPro HSP,DSMFood Specialities,Delft,荷兰)
-曲霉胃蛋白酶I(参见材料和方法)
-Multifect PR 15L(来自Trichoderma reesei的曲霉胃蛋白酶I样蛋白酶;http//biosciences.dupont.com)。
结果(参见图3)显示,纯化的胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂制剂包括大小为大约10kDa的蛋白质带。这些数据还显示,在模拟胃条件下和在存在胃蛋白酶和等量各种蛋白酶的情况下,Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶在胰蛋白酶-胰凝乳蛋白酶抑制剂的纯化制剂中存在的上部带的分解中最有效。
实施例9:Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶以剂量依赖方式裂解α淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂。
在本实施例中,我们确定了在模拟胃条件下水解1克小麦麸质中存在的α淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂所需的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶酶蛋白的量。为此,将来自小麦的麸质(Sigma)溶解于50mmol/l柠檬酸pH4.0中,浓度为9.35mg/ml。向该充分搅拌的混合物中加入胃蛋白酶蛋白,达到0.2mg/ml的终浓度,然后取六个1ml样本。向这六个样本中加入量逐渐增加的纯Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。样本1:不加入AGP,样本2:0.09mg,样本3:0.19mg,样本4:0.28mg,样本5:0.37mg,以及最后一个样本:0.47mg。然后使不同的样本在37℃下孵育60分钟,在t=0分钟和t=60分钟在每个样本中取等分试样用于SDS-PAGE分析。SDS-PAGE分析根据Invitrogen方案进行。
结果(参见图4)显示,通过加入0.28mg纯Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶,9.35mg小麦麸质中存在的α淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂可在一小时期间内被水解。这意味着,在此类模拟胃条件下,30mg纯Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶(对应于15000HPU)可处理1克小麦麸质。因此,在通过口服Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶制剂的α淀粉酶/蛋白酶抑制剂的部分片段化后,新生成的抑制肽在通过胃期间通过胃蛋白酶以及在进入十二指肠后通过胰腺蛋白酶诸如胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶被进一步分解为非免疫原性寡肽。
Claims (9)
1.Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的饲料组合物来减少动物的饲料转化率、改善每日体重增加、改善饲料消化率和/或减少氮排泄的用途。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述动物是单胃动物。
3. 根据权利要求1或2中任一项的用途,其中所述饲料组合物包含1至10000组氨酸蛋白酶单位的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶/Kg饲料组合物。
4.根据权利要求1的用途,其中所述饲料组合物还包含另外的蛋白酶和/或植酸酶。
5. 在用谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎饲养的动物中改善饲料转化率,和/或改善每日体重增加,和/或减少氮排泄的方法,所述方法包括经口施用足够量的Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述谷类选自小麦、大麦或玉米,并且豆类为大豆。
7.根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述动物是单胃动物。
8.Aspergillus niger曲霉谷氨酸肽酶用于预处理包含谷类、豆类、含油种子和/或块茎的动物饲料或动物饲料组分的用途。
9.根据权利要求8的用途,其中所述谷类选自小麦、大麦或玉米,并且豆类为大豆。
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