CN105976047B - Resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on flexibility index - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on a flexibility index, which comprises the following steps: determining the flexibility of the load of residents; and evaluating the demand response potential of the residential load according to the flexibility of the residential load. The invention provides a resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on a flexibility index, which can timely master the quick demand response potential of an internal load and participate in power grid dispatching operation according to the quick demand response potential by counting the potential, the flexibility and the sustainable response time of a quick response type load in residents, thereby solving the problem of insufficient conventional power supply regulation capacity in a real-time stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent power grid power distribution and utilization, in particular to a resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on flexibility indexes.
Background
Renewable energy has kept a rapidly growing situation in all countries of the world due to its characteristics of being clean, low-carbon and sustainable. Compared with the traditional power supply, most of renewable energy sources have the characteristics of randomness, intermittence, volatility and the like, and the demand on 'flexible resources' in the system is increased. And as the proportion of the traditional power supply is gradually reduced, the regulation capacity of the power generation side is reduced. In this case, the role of the demand-side resource in increasing the flexibility of the system becomes more important.
For a long time, because of small individual potential of small and medium-sized businesses and resident loads and limitation of means such as communication and control, DR projects are mostly concentrated on large-scale industrial and commercial loads with high energy consumption. However, the related studies have shown that although the potential of individual population load is small, the aggregate potential is not negligible due to the large number of population loads. The FERC research report indicates that the DR potential of residential loads is even greater than that of large industrial businesses if there are no regulatory and market admission restrictions. Currently, with the development of smart grids, smart meters, which are important components of smart grids, have been gradually popularized in residential loads, and the deployment of smart meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) provides technical conditions for residential loads to participate in demand response. On the other hand, the load agent is used as an intermediate mechanism for coordinating a large amount of medium and small-scale DR resources with the power grid dispatching center, and provides an intermediate carrier for resident load to participate in power grid operation control. Research has shown that some loads among residential loads have energy storage characteristics (such as air conditioners, electric water heaters, refrigerators and the like) or delayed power utilization characteristics (such as washing machines, dishwashers, dryers and the like), the short-time increase or decrease of the power consumption of the loads has little influence on the power utilization demand and power utilization experience of users, but a large amount of loads are aggregated and are a type of schedulable precious resource in the emergency situation of a power grid, and the loads have the potential of participating in rapid demand response. For the load agent, timely grasping the DR potential of the internal load is one of the prerequisites for determining participation in the grid operation control.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on a flexibility index, and aims to timely master the quick demand response potential of an internal load and participate in power grid dispatching operation according to the quick demand response potential by counting the potential, the flexibility and the sustainable response time of a quick response type load in residents, so that the problem of insufficient conventional power supply regulation capacity in a real-time stage is solved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a method for assessing residential load demand response potential based on a flexibility index, the improvement comprising:
determining the flexibility of the load of residents;
and evaluating the demand response potential of the residential load according to the flexibility of the residential load.
Preferably, the resident load includes: temperature control type load, can postpone not temperature control load and battery class load, wherein, temperature control type load includes: refrigeration type loads and heating type loads.
Further, determining the flexibility of the refrigeration-type load comprises:
when T issp+Tdb≤TmaxCan satisfy Ta≤TmaxThen P isDR＝Pcooling，tdurationInfinity, wherein TspIs a temperature set point of the load, TdbTemperature dead zone, T, of the loadaIs the current ambient temperature, TmaxIs the upper limit value of the temperature of the current environment, PDRDemand response potential for the load, PcoolingA refrigerating power of the refrigerating type load, tdurationDetermining the flexibility of the refrigeration-type load in response to the duration of time according to the following equation:
in the formula (1), f is the flexibility of the refrigeration type load;
when T issp+Tdb＞TmaxTime, T cannot be satisfied at any timea≤TmaxThen P isDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
Further, determining the flexibility of the heating type load comprises:
when T issp-Tdb≥TminCan satisfy Ta＞TminThen P isDR＝Pheating，tdurationInfinity, wherein TspIs a temperature set point of the load, TdbTemperature dead zone, T, of the loadaIs the current ambient temperature, TminIs the lower limit value of the current ambient temperature, PDRDemand response potential for the load, PheatingHeating power for said heating type load, tdurationIn response to the duration, the flexibility of the heating type load is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula (2), f is the flexibility of the heating type load;
when T issp-Tdb＜TminTime, T cannot be satisfied at any timea＞TminThen P isDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
Further, determining the degree of flexibility of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load comprises:
if the non-temperature-controllable load has no operation task or the non-temperature-controllable load has operation task but power operation has started, PDR0, f is 0, wherein PDRF is the flexibility of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load for the demand response potential of the load;
if the non-temperature-control load can be delayed to have an operation task and the electricity utilization operation is not started, when t is the timeuse-t＞ΔtopWhen is, PDR＝Prate，tduration＝tuse-t-ΔtopWherein, tuseUpper limit of task completion time, Δ topIs the operating time, t is the current time, PrateDetermining the flexibility of the delay-able non-temperature-controlled load as a rated power of the load according to the following formula:
when t isuse-t≤ΔtopThe delay non-temperature-control load immediately starts the operation task, the power demand is not interrupted, PDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
Further, determining the flexibility of the battery class load comprises:
if the battery load is fully charged at the moment t, PDR0, f-0, and P-0, wherein P isDRFor the demand response potential of the load, f is the flexibility of the battery type load, and P is the power consumption of the battery type load at the moment t;
if the battery load is not fully charged at the moment t, when the t is the momentuse-t＞tfAt-t, PDR＝Pcharging，
Wherein, tuseTime of using battery-like load for user, tfTime of completion of charging, tuse-t is the time difference between the user usage time and the current time,
for remaining charging time, SOC0Is the current SOC level, CBIs the battery capacity, PchargingFor charging power, ηchargingFor charging efficiency, the flexibility of the battery load is determined according to the following formula:
when in use
When is, PDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
Preferably, the degree of flexibility of the residential load is proportional to the availability of the demand response potential of the residential load.
Further, a threshold value f is setthAnd a minimum sustainable time tduration_ccIf the duration of the load of the residents is tdurationSatisfy tduration＞tduration_ccAnd the flexibility f of the resident load satisfies f > fthIf so, the demand response potential of the resident load is available potential; if the duration time t of the load of the residentsdurationSatisfy tduration＞tduration_ccAnd the flexibility f of the resident load is more than 0 and less than or equal to fthThe demand response potential of the load of the residents is the unavailable potential.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on the flexibility index, provided by the invention, the quick demand response potential of the internal load is timely mastered and participates in the power grid dispatching operation by counting the potential, the flexibility and the sustainable response time of the quick response type load in residents, so that the method has the characteristics of simplicity, feasibility, clear physical concept and the like, can timely count the maximum available DR potential of a load aggregator, and is favorable for guiding the resident load to participate in the power grid dispatching operation.
(2) According to the resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on the flexibility index, the electricity utilization urgency degrees of different types of loads are unified according to the flexibility index of the resident load, and the load aggregator preferentially selects the load with high flexibility to participate in demand response, so that the electricity utilization demand of a user is met, and the operation pressure of a power grid can be relieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a residential load demand response potential assessment method based on flexibility index according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the temperature adjustable range definition of the refrigeration load in the method for estimating the response potential of the residential load demand based on the flexibility index according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the temperature adjustable range definition of the heating load in the method for estimating the response potential of the residential load demand based on the flexibility index;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the range of variation of the operation time of the non-temperature-controlled load that can be delayed in the method for estimating the response potential of the residential load demand based on the flexibility index according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating the range of variation in the operating time of the battery type load in the resident load demand response potential evaluating method based on the flexibility index according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on the flexibility index, provided by the invention, by counting the potential, the flexibility and the sustainable response time of the quick response type load in residents, the load agent can timely master the quick demand response potential of the internal load and participate in the dispatching operation of the power grid according to the quick demand response potential; and the resident load participating in the power grid operation control is helpful to make up the deficiency of the conventional power supply regulation capacity in the real-time stage.
The resident load belongs to a dispersed demand response resource, has the characteristics of small single capacity and large quantity, and generally participates in the dispatching operation of the power grid in a load agent mode. For resident load agents, timely grasping the response potential of internal loads is one of the preconditions of participating in power grid dispatching operation, the calculation modes of the flexibility of different types of loads are different, but all the loads can sort the power utilization priority through the flexibility, and the value of the flexibility is [0, 1 ]]In between, the larger the number, the lower the electrical urgency, i.e., the greater the flexibility to participate in DR. When the load agent starts the potential evaluation process, all internal loads upload the DR potential P of the load agentDRFlexibility and duration. And the load agent further calculates DR potentials of all internal loads according to the statistical result, and the DR potentials are used as a decision basis for subsequently quoting the dispatching center.
Although the types of residential loads are various, the residential loads can be classified into three types, namely, temperature-controlled loads (TCLs), Non-temperature-controlled loads (Non-TCLs) and battery-type loads, in view of physical properties of the electric devices. TCL is a load controlled by a thermostat, has thermal energy storage characteristics including an air conditioner, an electric water heater, a refrigerator, etc., and can quickly respond to a control command. The Non-TCL generally refers to a load without thermostat control, and can be further subdivided into a Non-delay Non-TCL and a delay Non-TCL, wherein the Non-delay Non-TCL refers to household appliances such as lighting and cooking appliances, and the like, and because the electricity consumption time or electricity consumption quantity is not adjustable, the load is equivalent to a rigid load and has no load elasticity; the Non-TCL is a load which has flexible and adjustable electricity utilization time and can be started after a certain time delay, and comprises a washing machine, a dryer, a dish-washing machine and the like. Typical representatives of the load of battery-type residents are electric vehicles and small energy storage devices. The present invention focuses on evaluating the quick response potential of the residential load, and therefore, according to the above analysis of the electricity consumption characteristics of the residential load, the evaluation objects are mainly three types, namely, a temperature control type load (TCL), a Non-temperature control load (Non-TCL) and a battery type load, which all have quick response potential, as shown in fig. 1, including:
101. determining the flexibility of the load of residents;
102. and evaluating the demand response potential of the residential load according to the flexibility of the residential load.
Wherein the resident load includes: temperature control type load, can postpone not temperature control load and battery class load, wherein, temperature control type load includes: refrigeration type loads and heating type loads.
In economically developed areas, TCL loads represented by air conditioners, water heaters, and refrigerators have a large proportion of resident loads and good energy storage characteristics, and are becoming the research focus of demand response control, the flexibility of a refrigeration type load is mainly determined by the maximum temperature variation range, the definition of the flexibility is shown in fig. 2, and specifically, the determination of the flexibility of the refrigeration type load includes:
when T issp+Tdb≤TmaxCan satisfy Ta≤TmaxThen P isDR＝Pcooling，tdurationInfinity, wherein TspIs a temperature set point of the load, TdbTemperature dead zone, T, of the loadaIs the current ambient temperature, TmaxIs the upper limit value of the temperature of the current environment, PDRDemand response potential for the load, PcoolingA refrigerating power of the refrigerating type load, tdurationDetermining the flexibility of the refrigeration-type load in response to the duration of time according to the following equation:
in the formula (1), f is the flexibility of the refrigeration type load;
when T issp+Tdb＞TmaxTime, T cannot be satisfied at any timea≤TmaxThen P isDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
The definition of the flexibility of the cooling type load, as shown in fig. 3, the determining of the flexibility of the heating type load includes:
when T issp-Tdb≥TminCan satisfy Ta＞TminThen P isDR＝Pheating，tdurationInfinity, wherein TspIs a temperature set point of the load, TdbTemperature dead zone, T, of the loadaIs the current ambient temperature, TminIs the lower limit value of the current ambient temperature, PDRDemand response potential for the load, PheatingHeating power for said heating type load, tdurationIn response to the duration, the flexibility of the heating type load is determined according to the following formula:
in the formula (2), f is the flexibility of the heating type load;
when T issp-Tdb＜TminTime, T cannot be satisfied at any timea＞TminThen P isDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
Meanwhile, it should be noted that, assuming that the external temperature does not change much in a short time (0.5 h-1 h), the indoor temperature change in the time period is mainly caused by the temperature-controlled load operation, i.e., the set temperature TspAfter determination, TaThe temperature-controlled load fluctuates only within a small range, and it can be approximated that the flexibility of the temperature-controlled load remains unchanged for a short time.
For the deferrable non-temperature-controlled load, the user only needs to specify the expected completion time of the work task, the user does not care when to start the task, the flexibility is defined as shown in fig. 4, the load agent decides whether to transfer the power consumption requirement to other time periods according to the flexibility, and the determining of the flexibility of the deferrable non-temperature-controlled load comprises the following steps:
if the deferrable non-temperature controlled load has no operational task, or the deferrable non-temperature controlled load has no operational taskWhen the load is not temperature-controlled later but the power-driven operation is started, PDR0, f is 0, wherein PDRF is the flexibility of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load for the demand response potential of the load;
if the non-temperature-control load can be delayed to have an operation task and the electricity utilization operation is not started, when t is the timeuse-t＞ΔtopWhen is, PDR＝Prate，tduration＝tuse-t-ΔtopWherein, tuseUpper limit of task completion time, Δ topIs the operating time, t is the current time, PrateDetermining the flexibility of the delay-able non-temperature-controlled load as a rated power of the load according to the following formula:
when t isuse-t≤ΔtopThe delay non-temperature-control load immediately starts the operation task, the power demand is not interrupted, PDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
A representative battery-based load is an Electric Vehicle (EV), and the flexibility thereof is mainly determined by the maximum delay time. At present, the popularization rate of the EV is not high, and the V2G function is not provided. Therefore, the present invention only considers the EV charging case, not its discharging to the grid.
As shown in fig. 5, the flexibility of the battery type load is defined, and the user inputs the required usage time in advance, and the load estimates the required charging time according to the current state of charge (SOC), charging power, charging efficiency, and the like, thereby determining the maximum delay charging time. For the battery type load with lower flexibility, the load agent allows the load agent to continue to use the power; the battery load with higher flexibility still has enough time to charge, at the moment, the load agent issues a control signal 'off' to transfer the electricity demand of the load to other time periods, and for the current time period, the purpose of reducing the load is achieved, and the flexibility of the battery load is determined to comprise the following steps:
if the battery load is fully charged at the moment t, PDR0, f-0, and P-0, wherein P isDRFor the demand response potential of the load, f is the flexibility of the battery type load, and P is the power consumption of the battery type load at the moment t;
if the battery load is not fully charged at the moment t, when the t is the momentuse-t＞tfAt-t, PDR＝Pcharging，
Wherein, tuseTime of using battery-like load for user, tfTime of completion of charging, tuse-t is the time difference between the user usage time and the current time,
for remaining charging time, SOC0Is the current SOC level, CBIs the battery capacity, PchargingFor charging power, ηchargingFor charging efficiency, the flexibility of the battery load is determined according to the following formula:
when in use
When is, PDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0。
Further, the degree of flexibility of the resident load is proportional to the availability of the demand response potential of the resident load.
Setting a threshold value fthAnd a minimum sustainable time tduration_ccIf the duration of the load of the residents is tdurationSatisfy tduration＞tduration_ccAnd the flexibility f of the resident load satisfies f > fthIf so, the demand response potential of the resident load is available potential, and the resident load is ranked from large to small according to the flexibility f, and the priority is set; if the load of the residents is above the loadSustainable time tdurationSatisfy tduration＞tduration_ccAnd the flexibility f of the resident load is more than 0 and less than or equal to fthThe demand response potential of the load of the residents is the unavailable potential.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A resident load demand response potential evaluation method based on a flexibility index, characterized by comprising:
determining the flexibility of the load of residents;
evaluating the demand response potential of the resident load according to the flexibility of the resident load;
the resident load includes: temperature control type load, can postpone not temperature control load and battery class load, wherein, temperature control type load includes: refrigeration type loads and heating type loads;
determining a degree of flexibility of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load comprises:
if the non-temperature-controllable load has no operation task or the non-temperature-controllable load has operation task but power operation has started, PDR0, f is 0, wherein PDRA demand response potential of a deferrable non-temperature controlled load, f is a flexibility of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load;
if the non-temperature-control load can be delayed to have an operation task and the electricity utilization operation is not started, when t is the timeuse-t>△topWhen is, PDR＝Prate，tduration＝tuse-t-△topWherein, tuseUpper limit value of task completion time,. DELTA.topFor the operating time, t isCurrent time, PrateRated power of the load, tdurationTo delay the non-temperature controlled load response duration, the flexibility of the delay non-temperature controlled load is determined as follows:
when t isuse-t≤△topThe delay non-temperature-control load immediately starts the operation task, the power demand is not interrupted, PDR＝0，tduration＝0，f＝0；
Determining the flexibility of the battery class load comprises:
if the battery load is fully charged at the moment t, PDR1＝0，f10, P is 0, wherein PDR1Demand response potential for battery-like loads, f1The flexibility of the battery type load is shown, and P is the power consumption of the battery type load at the moment t;
if the battery load is not fully charged at the moment t, when the t is the momentuse′-t>tfAt-t, PDR1＝Pcharging，
Wherein, tuse' time of using battery-like load for user, tfTime of completion of charging, tuse'-t is the time difference between the user's usage time and the current time, tduration1For the battery-type load response sustainable time,
for remaining charging time, SOC0Is the current SOC level, CBIs the battery capacity, PchargingFor charging power, hchargingFor charging efficiency, the flexibility of the battery load is determined according to the following formula:
when in use
When is, PDR1＝0，tduration1＝0，f1＝0。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the degree of flexibility of the refrigeration-type load comprises:
when T issp+Tdb≤TmaxCan satisfy Ta≤TmaxThen P isDR2＝Pcooling，tduration2Infinity, wherein TspIs a temperature set point of the load, TdbTemperature dead zone, T, of the loadaIs the current ambient temperature, TmaxIs the upper limit value of the temperature of the current environment, PDR2Demand response potential for refrigeration type loads, PcoolingA refrigerating power of the refrigerating type load, tduration2Determining a degree of flexibility of the refrigeration type load for the refrigeration type load response duration according to the following equation:
in the formula (1), f2Is the flexibility of the refrigeration type load;
when T issp+Tdb>TmaxTime, T cannot be satisfied at any timea≤TmaxThen P isDR2＝0，tduration2＝0，f2＝0。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the degree of flexibility of the heating type load comprises:
when T issp-Tdb≥TminCan satisfy Ta>TminThen P isDR3＝Pheating，tduration3Infinity, wherein TspIs a temperature set point of the load, TdbTemperature dead zone, T, of the loadaIs the current ambient temperature, TminIs the lower limit value of the current ambient temperature, PDR3For the demand response potential of heating type loads, PheatingHeating power for said heating type load, tduration3Determining a flexibility of the heating type load for a heating type load response duration time according to the following equation:
in the formula (2), f3Is the flexibility of the heating type load;
when T issp-Tdb<TminTime, T cannot be satisfied at any timea>TminThen P isDR3＝0，tduration3＝0，f3＝0。
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degree of flexibility of said residential load is directly proportional to the availability of demand response potential of said residential load.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the first threshold f is setthAnd a first minimum sustainable time tduration_ccIf the non-temperature-controlled load response sustainable time t can be delayeddurationSatisfy tduration>tduration_ccAnd the degree of flexibility f of the delay non-temperature-control load satisfies f>fthThen the demand response potential of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load is available potential; if the non-temperature-control load response sustainable time t can be delayeddurationSatisfy tduration>tduration_ccAnd the degree of flexibility f of the delay non-temperature-control load satisfies 0<f≤fthThen the demand response potential of the deferrable non-temperature controlled load is an unavailable potential;
setting a second threshold fth1And a second minimum sustainable time tduration_cc1If the battery load response lasts for time tduration1Satisfy tduration1>tduration_cc1And the flexibility f of the battery load1Satisfy f1>fth1If so, the demand response potential of the battery type load is available potential; if the battery load responds to the sustainable time tduration1Satisfy tduration1>tduration_cc1And the flexibility f of the battery load1Satisfies 0<f1≤fth1Then the demand response potential of the battery-like load is the unavailable potential.
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| CN112413717B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-11-19 | 国网冀北电力有限公司计量中心 | Control system and method for thermal user to participate in demand response |
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