CN105974463B - Seismic exploration method based on source inspection amphiorentation - Google Patents

Seismic exploration method based on source inspection amphiorentation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105974463B
CN105974463B CN201610442945.8A CN201610442945A CN105974463B CN 105974463 B CN105974463 B CN 105974463B CN 201610442945 A CN201610442945 A CN 201610442945A CN 105974463 B CN105974463 B CN 105974463B
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wave
seismic
alpha
received
stratum
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CN105974463A (en
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巩向博
于晨霞
王升超
韩立国
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Jilin University
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Jilin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/306—Analysis for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/624—Reservoir parameters

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of seismic exploration method based on source inspection amphiorentation.This method changes medium mainly for continuous gradient, based on seismic combination principle, the focus excited with delay and the wave detector with directional characteristic are combined with simultaneously, since being excited with smallest offset away from reception maximum incident angle plane wave, incidence angle of gradually successively decreasing and increase offset distance, untill producing reflection wave signal.The time curve of diving Wave and back wave is distinguished under the conditions of the seismological observation mode strengthens continuous media, according to there is the incidence angle of back wave and the maximum inflection depth of traveltime-distance equation calculating, that is, reflects the thickness information on stratum.This method can be observed successively along seismic survey lines, so as to obtain the change of formation thickness.

Description

Exploration seismic method based on source detection bi-orientation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of exploration seismic, and relates to a seismic source and detector bi-directional exploration seismic method based on a seismic combination principle, in particular to seismic exploration under the condition of a sedimentary region.
Background art:
in areas with significant sediment gyre, the physical parameters of the subsurface medium vary linearly with depth. Under the condition of the continuous medium, the seismic waves only generate the inflection waves under the condition of no reflection interface, and the ray paths of the inflection waves are a series of circular arcs; in the case of a reflective interface, the reflection wave reaches the maximum reflection depth, and a reflection wave at the formation interface is generated. In the conventional continuous multiple coverage seismic acquisition observation mode, the time distance curve of the echo waves and the reflected waves is greatly overlapped (fourth edition of seismic exploration, woodman et al, geological publishing house, 2009), and the echo waves and the reflected wave signals cannot be easily identified and distinguished. Based on the principle of seismic combination, the combination of the seismic sources can excite a directional wave field through interference superposition of the wave field, and the combination of the detectors can enhance the receiving of a plane wave field in a certain direction through directional characteristics. The single combination method can not effectively observe the refracted wave as a special direct wave signal transmitted through the underground medium by exciting a directional wave field or receiving a directional wave field.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seismic source and detector dual-orientation exploration seismic method based on a seismic combination principle.
The invention designs an observation method based on the earthquake combination principle aiming at continuous medium stratums in sedimentary areas according to the change rule of earthquake wave time fields, and the observation method is characterized in that the incidence angle of a combined excited plane wave field is from large to small, and the combined receiving arrangement offset distance is from small to large. The source-detection double-combination orientation method can more easily observe the inflection waves and the reflection waves reaching the maximum inflection depth, record the incident angle information at the moment, and calculate the thickness of the reflection stratum according to a time-distance curve equation.
A exploration seismic method based on source-detector bi-orientation comprises the following steps:
a. establishing a continuous medium velocity gradient function according to the regulation and measurement data of the sedimentary strata, and setting the earth surface velocity as v 0 Where β is the rate of change of velocity with depth coefficient and z is the depth parameter, the velocity function is v (z) = v 0 (1+βz)；
b. And (5) arranging seismic sources at the small survey line pile numbers, exciting plane waves with an incidence angle of alpha, and designing seismic source combinations according to the seismic combination principle. First give α =90 °;
c. when the velocity is linearly distributed along with the depth, the seismic wave isochrone is a circular arc. Respectively calculating the circle center position of an isochrone according to the time field and the time distance curve of the continuous medium seismic wave, determining the intersection point of the isochrone and the earth surface survey line, and determining the received minimum offset distance according to the intersection position;
d. designing a combination mode with the maximum response of a pass-amplification band of the combined detector when the reflection angle is alpha by taking the minimum offset as a center and according to the directional characteristic of the combined detector;
e. observing the received seismic signals, wherein when the angle alpha =90 degrees, the direct surface wave is received, when the angle alpha <90 degrees, the inflection wave is received first, and then the reflected wave can be received;
f. reducing the incidence angle alpha at delta alpha degree intervals, namely sequentially exciting the plane wave fields with the incidence angles of 90-delta alpha, 90-2 delta alpha and 8230, repeating the design steps b-e until the reflected wave is observed, and recording the excitation incidence angle alpha at the moment r ；
g. According to the angle of incidence alpha r Calculating the thickness of the stratum according to the formula
h. And moving the seismic source to the large pile number, and sequentially calculating the thickness of the stratum along the measuring line to obtain the thickness of the stratum of the whole measuring line.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through tests, compared with a conventional seismic observation system, the exploration seismic method based on source detection bi-orientation disclosed by the invention can well observe the incidence angles of the directional wave field of the return wave and the reflected wave under the condition of continuous media, and the thickness of the stratum can be obtained through calculation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seismic survey
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A exploration seismic method based on source-detector bi-orientation comprises the following steps:
a. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the seismic observation of the present invention, with the z-axis representing the depth of the earth, positive downward, z =0 the surface location, R the subsurface reflection interface, the five-pointed star the surface source location, and the inverted triangle the receiver location. Establishing a continuous medium velocity gradient function according to the regulation and measurement data of the sedimentary strata, and setting the earth surface velocity as v 0 Beta is the velocity with depthThe coefficient of the rate of change of degree, z being a depth parameter, the velocity function is v (z) = v 0 (1+βz)；
b. And (5) arranging seismic sources at the small survey line pile numbers, exciting plane waves with an incidence angle of alpha, and designing seismic source combinations according to the seismic combination principle. First give α =90 °. Determining a combined seismic source phase difference and an excitation delay parameter according to a direction factor formula of the horizontal earth surface combined seismic wave field, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein, F is a combination factor changing with the direction angle, n is the number of the seismic sources, k is the wave number, d is the distance between the seismic sources, and gamma is the phase difference between the adjacent seismic sources. And obtaining an inter-seismic source excitation delay parameter according to the relation gamma =2 pi f tau between the phase delay and the seismic source excitation delay, the definition k = 1/lambda = f/v of seismic wave number, f is seismic wave frequency, and v is seismic wave velocityWhere the minus sign represents a delayed excitation, the plane wavefield is shown in figure 1.
c. When the velocity is linearly distributed along with the depth, the seismic wave isochrone is a circular arc. According to the time field and the time distance curve of the continuous medium seismic wave, the circle center position of the isochrone is respectively calculated, the intersection point of the isochrone and the earth surface survey line is determined, and the received minimum offset distance is determined according to the intersection position. In the case of continuous media, the ray parameters p = sin α/v are defined, and the velocity function v (z) = v 0 (1 + betaz) into the ray equationAmong them, it is possible to obtain:
i.e. the ray equation is a circle equation, as shown in fig. 1, the center of the source is O 1 At z is&Underground of gt, 0, the ray is a section of circular arc, the center of the circle is z = -1/beta, and the radiusAnd minimum offset of receiving permutation
d. And designing a combination mode with the maximum pass-amplification band response of the combined detector when the reflection angle is alpha by taking the minimum offset as a center and according to the directional characteristic of the combined detector. The characteristic expression of the detector combination direction is as follows:
where Φ is the detector combination direction factor, n r For receiving the number of detectors in the array, Δ x is the distance between detectors, f is the frequency of seismic wave, when the reflection angle is α, Φ is taken as the maximum, and the combined distance between the combined detectors isThe received plane wavefield is shown in figure 1.
e. Observing the received seismic signals, wherein when the angle alpha =90 degrees, the direct surface wave is received, when the angle alpha <90 degrees, the inflection wave is received first, and then the reflected wave can be received;
f. reducing the incident angle alpha at delta alpha degree intervals, sequentially exciting the plane wave fields with the incident angles of 90-delta alpha, 90-2 delta alpha and 8230, and repeatedly designing the steps b-e, namely the position of the center of the circle of the ray equation is from O 1 To O 2 8230, as shown in FIG. 1, the excitation incident angle α is recorded until a reflected wave is observed r ；
g. According to the angle of incidence alpha r Calculating the thickness of the stratum according to the formula
h. And moving the seismic source to the large pile number, and sequentially calculating the thickness of the stratum along the measuring line to obtain the thickness of the stratum of the whole measuring line.

Claims (1)

1. A source-sensing bi-directional exploration seismic method, comprising the steps of:
a. establishing a continuous medium velocity gradient function according to the sedimentary stratum regulating and measuring data:
v(z)＝v 0 (1+βz)
in the formula: v. of 0 Is the earth surface velocity, beta is the velocity change rate coefficient with the depth, and z is the depth parameter;
b. the survey line is characterized in that seismic sources are arranged from the small pile numbers, plane waves with an incidence angle alpha are excited, and alpha =90 degrees is given;
c. when the speed is distributed in a linear rule along with the depth, the seismic wave isochrone is a circular arc, the intersection point of the circle center position of the isochrone and the earth surface survey line is respectively calculated according to the time field and the time distance curve of the continuous medium seismic wave, and the received minimum offset distance is determined according to the intersection position;
d. when the reflection angle is designed to be alpha according to the directional characteristic of the combined detector by taking the minimum offset distance as the center, the pass-amplifying band response of the combined detector is designed to be the maximum combination mode;
e. observing the received seismic signals, wherein when the angle alpha =90 degrees, the direct surface wave is received, and when the angle alpha is less than 90 degrees, the reflex wave is received first, and then the reflected wave is received;
f. reducing the incidence angle alpha at delta alpha degree intervals, namely sequentially exciting the plane wave fields with the incidence angles of 90-delta alpha, 90-2 delta alpha and 8230, repeating the design steps b-e until the reflected wave is observed, and recording the excitation incidence angle alpha at the moment r ；
g. According to the angle of incidence alpha r And (3) calculating the thickness of the reflecting stratum according to the following calculation formula:
h. and moving the seismic source to the large pile number, and sequentially calculating the thickness of the stratum along the measuring line to obtain the thickness of the stratum of the whole measuring line.
CN201610442945.8A 2016-06-21 2016-06-21 Seismic exploration method based on source inspection amphiorentation Expired - Fee Related CN105974463B (en)

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CN110579799B (en) * 2019-09-04 2020-10-27 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Seismic acquisition observation method and system with equal travel time intervals
CN111221040B (en) * 2020-02-28 2021-06-22 吉林大学 Stratum inclination angle detection method and system
CN112211628A (en) * 2020-11-16 2021-01-12 吉林大学 Stratum dividing method based on multiple logging curves

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CN103984007A (en) * 2014-06-09 2014-08-13 吉林大学 Optimization design method for time delay parameters of directional seismic waves
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