CN105974411B - High-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method based on DINSAR - Google Patents
High-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method based on DINSAR Download PDFInfo
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- CN105974411B CN105974411B CN201610278753.8A CN201610278753A CN105974411B CN 105974411 B CN105974411 B CN 105974411B CN 201610278753 A CN201610278753 A CN 201610278753A CN 105974411 B CN105974411 B CN 105974411B
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
- G01S13/9021—SAR image post-processing techniques
- G01S13/9023—SAR image post-processing techniques combined with interferometric techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method based on DINSAR, by obtaining interferometric phase image to two width SAR image conjugate multiplications at different moments, again by the high-voltage power transmission tower in interferometric phase image along distance to being arranged in order, form an initial interference phase diagram, interference fringe frequency in initial interference phase diagram is calculated using FFT, and reject the vertical height phase of high-voltage power transmission tower, obtain residual phase figure, phase unwrapping is carried out to residual phase figure, obtain the true differential interferometric phase caused by the tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower top, the top tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower is finally calculated according to true differential interferometric phase;So make the present invention that there is the characteristics of monitoring in real time, measurement accuracy is high, monitoring area is big low with cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to DINSAR technical field of image processing, more specifically, is related to one kind and is based on DINSAR technologies
High-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method.
Background technology
Space-borne interference synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) technology is initially mainly used for mapping, obtains Precision Elevation
(DEM) data.Difference INSAR (DINSAR) technology is to expand to obtain on the basis of INSAR, is mainly used in Ground Deformation spy
Survey.Spaceborne DINSAR system datas processing key step includes:Complex image corregistration, interference pattern generation, interferometric phase filtering, interference
Figure flat earth, interferometric phase solution are wrapped in and Ground Deformation obtains etc..
DINSAR general principle is the two images by being obtained at different moments to the same area, and phase is obtained by interfering
Potential difference, this phase difference include landform height rise and fall caused by phase and at different moments between two, phase caused by landform deformation
Point, phase caused by hypsography is weeded out by the dem data with reference to known to, so as to obtain the phase of landform deformation.
But DINSAR models traditional at present extract the deformation data of earth's surface in the case of assuming that ground without folded cover.
For high-voltage power transmission tower etc. is placed on the thread-shaped body on ground vertically, due to being placed on the geometrical property on ground vertically,
The top of steel tower can fold with certain point on ground and cover in same pixel in SAR image, therefore can not be by traditional
DINSAR methods extract the tilt displacement of electric power pylon.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of high-voltage power transmission tower top based on DINSAR
Tilt displacement monitoring method is held, can not be extracted with to solve existing DINSAR technologies and be placed on the thread on ground vertically at different moments
The problem of top tilt displacement of body such as high-voltage power transmission tower.
For achieving the above object, a kind of high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring based on DINSAR of the present invention
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1), in same monitoring point, high-voltage power transmission tower is obtained respectively in two at different moments using spaceborne DINSAR systems
Width SAR image, then by two width, SAR image conjugate multiplication obtains interferometric phase image at different moments, is finally carried from interferometric phase image
Take out the pixel rectangular area where each high-voltage power transmission tower;
(2) the pixel rectangular area where all high-voltage power transmission towers, is formed one along distance to being arranged in order
Initial interference phase diagram;
(3) interference fringe frequency in initial interference phase diagram, is calculated using FFT, high pressure is rejected according to interference fringe frequency
The vertical height phase of electric power pylon, obtains residual phase figure;
(4) phase unwrapping, is carried out to each high-voltage power transmission tower in residual phase figure, obtain each high-voltage power transmission tower because
True differential interferometric phase caused by the tilt displacement of top;
(5) the top tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower, is calculated according to true differential interferometric phase.
Wherein, in the step (3), the method for obtaining residual phase figure is:
If initial interference phase diagram is made up of n × n pixel;To the pixel of all rows in initial interference phase diagram
Pixel value is corresponded to after superposition is averaged in a row, i.e. 1 × n pixel, and FFT is then done to this journey, frequency after the conversion
The maximum frequency of frequency values, as interference fringe frequency are found in spectrum;Circumferential displacement is carried out to the frequency spectrum after conversion again, makes interference
Fringe frequency is displaced at 0 frequency, obtains the frequency spectrum after displacement;IFFT conversion is done finally by the frequency spectrum after displacement, so as to
To reject the vertical height phase of high-voltage power transmission tower, the image after IFFT conversion is as residual phase figure;
In the step (4), it is to the method that each high-voltage power transmission tower carries out phase unwrapping in residual phase figure:
If each high-voltage power transmission tower region is made up of 1 × m pixel in residual phase figure, the pixel of each pixel
Value is the pixel residual phase value of the pixel, and residual phase is wrapped between the main value of (- π π), wherein, m=n/k, k
Represent the number of residual phase figure mesohigh electric power pylon;
If the true differential interferometric phase of first pixel of the high order end in high-voltage power transmission tower region is 0, then from a left side
Judge one by one to the right side, if the difference of this pixel residual phase value and adjacent leftmost pixel residual phase value is more than-π, by this difference
True differential interferometric phase of the true differential interferometric phase sum on the left side adjacent with this pixel as this pixel, if conversely,
This difference is less than-π, then using the true differential interferometric phase sum on the 2 π left sides adjacent with this pixel as the true poor of this pixel
Divide interferometric phase, the true differential interferometric phase of pixel where finally giving low order end, and it is used as the high-voltage power transmission tower top
Hold true differential interferometric phase caused by tilt displacement.
In the step (5), the top tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower is calculated according to true differential interferometric phase needs profit
Calculated with below equation:
Wherein, | C1C2| represent the top tilt displacement of steel tower, φtowerCause for the tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower top
True differential interferometric phase, θ be satellite incidence angle, λ be transmitting radar electromagnetic wavelength.
What the goal of the invention of the present invention was realized in:
High-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method of the invention based on DINSAR, by two at different moments
Width SAR image conjugate multiplication obtains interferometric phase image, then by the high-voltage power transmission tower in interferometric phase image along distance to successively
Arrangement, an initial interference phase diagram is formed, calculate interference fringe frequency in initial interference phase diagram using FFT, and reject height
The vertical height phase of electric power pylon is pressed, obtains residual phase figure, phase unwrapping is carried out to residual phase figure, obtained because high pressure is defeated
True differential interferometric phase caused by the end tilt displacement of ferroelectric tower top, high voltage power transmission is finally calculated according to true differential interferometric phase
The top tilt displacement of steel tower;So make the present invention that there is monitoring in real time, measurement accuracy height, the big spy low with cost of monitoring area
Point.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method flow chart of the invention based on DINSAR;
When Fig. 2 is steel tower non-run-off the straight, vertical height phase schematic diagram of the steel tower top to bottom on interferometric phase image;
When Fig. 3 is steel tower run-off the straight, interferometric phase schematic diagram of the steel tower top to bottom on interferometric phase image;
Fig. 4 be by high-voltage power transmission tower distance to and discharge after initial interference phase schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the residual phase figure after high-voltage power transmission tower vertical height phase is rejected from initial interference phase diagram;
Fig. 6 is that the high-voltage power transmission tower of non-run-off the straight carries out the true differential interferometric phase image after phase unwrapping;
Fig. 7 is that the high-voltage power transmission tower of run-off the straight carries out the true differential interferometric phase image after phase unwrapping;
Fig. 8 is the improved DINSAR geometrical models of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the actual tilt direction of high-voltage power transmission tower, distance to the component schematic diagram with orientation;
Figure 10 is the map of magnitudes of the satellite-borne SAR image of the selected areas of table 1;
Figure 11 is the interferometric phase image of the two width SAR images at different moments of the selected areas of table 1;
Figure 12 is the initial interference phase diagram obtained from interferometric phase image shown in Figure 10.
Figure 13 is the coherence factor figure of the two width SAR images at different moments of the selected areas of table 1.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to those skilled in the art preferably
Understand the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that in the following description, when known function and the detailed description of design perhaps
When can desalinate the main contents of the present invention, these descriptions will be ignored herein.
Embodiment
In order to facilitate description, first the relevant speciality term occurred in embodiment is illustrated:
SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar):Synthetic aperture radar;
INSAR(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar):Interference synthetic aperture radar;
DINSAR(Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar):Difference is done
Relate to synthetic aperture radar;
DEM(Digital Elevation Model):Digital elevation model;
FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) Fast Fourier Transform (FFT);
IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transformation) Fast Fourier Transform Inverse;
Fig. 1 is the high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method flow chart of the invention based on DINSAR technologies.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 1, a kind of high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement based on DINSAR of the present invention
Monitoring method, comprise the following steps:
S1, in same monitoring point, obtain high-voltage power transmission tower respectively in two at different moments using spaceborne DINSAR systems
Width SAR image, then SAR image takes phase bit position to obtain interferometric phase image in complex field conjugate multiplication at different moments by two width, most
The pixel rectangular area where each high-voltage power transmission tower is extracted from interferometric phase image afterwards.
In the present embodiment, if two width SAR images are made up of 5000 × 5000 pixels;It is same to two width SAR images
Complex values in row same row pixel carry out conjugate multiplication and take pixel phase of the phase bit position as this row of this journey in interferometric phase image
Place value, this interferometric phase image is also made up of 5000 × 5000 pixels, then from this interferometric phase image, is extracted each high
The picture element matrix region where electric power pylon is pressed, if each steel tower region is made up of 100 × 25 pixels, extracts 4 altogether
Individual high-voltage power transmission tower region.
During run-off the straight that steel tower is non-, the interferometric phase of steel tower top to bottom is gradually incremented by interferometric phase image, due to
Periodicity increasing trend is presented with certain frequency in (- π π) principal value interval in interferometric phase, and this phase is named as into vertical height
Phase is spent, as shown in Figure 2;During steel tower run-off the straight, the interferometric phase of steel tower top to bottom then includes iron on interferometric phase image
Differential phase sum caused by the vertical height phase of tower and Iron tower incline displacement, this interferometric phase is also in (- π π) principal value interval
It is interior, periodicity increasing or decreasing trend is presented with another different frequency, as shown in Figure 3.
S2, by the pixel rectangular area where all high-voltage power transmission towers along distance to being arranged in order, form one
Initial interference phase diagram.
In the present embodiment, 4 high-voltage power transmission tower regions are formed into 100 × 100 picture along distance to being arranged in order
Prime matrix region, i.e., as initial interference phase diagram.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 4, assuming steel tower 1,2,4 non-run-off the straights, steel tower 3 in initial interference phase diagram
There is inclination.
S3, the pixel value to the pixel of all rows in initial interference phase diagram are corresponded to after superposition is averaged in a row, profit
The interference fringe frequency of this journey is calculated with FFT, the vertical height phase of high-voltage power transmission tower is then rejected according to interference fringe frequency
Position, obtains residual phase figure;
In the present embodiment, the pixel value of 100 × 100 pixels in initial interference phase diagram is correspondingly superimposed as one
OK, as 1 × 100, FFT is then done to this journey, the maximum frequency of frequency values is found in frequency spectrum after the conversion, it is as dry
Relate to fringe frequency;Circumferential displacement is carried out to the frequency spectrum after conversion again, makes interference fringe frequency shifting at 0 frequency, after obtaining displacement
Frequency spectrum;IFFT conversion is done finally by the frequency spectrum after displacement, so as to reject the vertical height phase of high-voltage power transmission tower
Position, and the image after IFFT conversion is used as residual phase figure, this residual phase is dry only as caused by electric power pylon tilt displacement
Phase is related to, is twined due to not doing solution, also in (- π π) principal value interval, periodicity increasing or decreasing is presented with certain frequency in this phase
Trend, as shown in Figure 5.
S4, phase unwrapping is carried out to each high-voltage power transmission tower region in residual phase figure, obtain each high voltage power transmission iron
Tower true differential interferometric phase caused by the tilt displacement of top;
In the present embodiment, residual phase figure is made up of 1 × 100 pixel, and it is defeated that 4 high pressures are shared in residual phase figure
Ferroelectric tower region, each high-voltage power transmission tower region are made up of 1 × 25 pixel, and residual phase is wrapped in the master of (- π π)
Between value;
Phase unwrapping is carried out to each high-voltage power transmission tower region in residual phase figure, unwrapping method is as follows:
If the true differential interferometric phase of first pixel of the high order end in high-voltage power transmission tower region is 0, then from a left side
Judge one by one to the right side, if the difference of this pixel residual phase value and adjacent leftmost pixel residual phase value is more than-π, by this difference
True differential interferometric phase of the true differential interferometric phase sum on the left side adjacent with this pixel as this pixel, if conversely,
This difference is less than-π, then using the true differential interferometric phase sum on the 2 π left sides adjacent with this pixel as the true poor of this pixel
Divide interferometric phase, the true differential interferometric phase of pixel where finally giving low order end, and it is used as the high-voltage power transmission tower top
Hold true differential interferometric phase caused by tilt displacement.
As shown in fig. 6, high-voltage power transmission tower 1,2,4 non-run-off the straights, its residual phase figure obtain after carrying out phase unwrapping
True differential interferometric phase be 0.As shown in fig. 7, the run-off the straight of electric power pylon 3, after its residual phase figure carries out phase unwrapping
Obtained true differential interferometric phase, wherein low order end positional value are that true differential caused by the tilt displacement of electric power pylon top is done
Relate to phase.
S5, the top tilt displacement according to true differential interferometric phase calculating high-voltage power transmission tower;
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 8, setting C1O is the position before Iron tower incline, C2O be tilt after position, satellite
Distance away from steel tower apical position is r respectively1And r2, the incidence angle of satellite is θ, C1' it is due to folded cover as C1Projection on ground
Point, C2D⊥B2C1.The height of the satellite of SAR data is is 800km, height about 20m~50m of steel tower, the inclination on steel tower top
Displacement generally centimetre arrive decimeter grade, under this yardstick, according to the top of true differential interferometric phase calculating high-voltage power transmission tower
End tilt displacement be:
Wherein, | C1C2| represent the top tilt displacement of steel tower, φtowerCause for the tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower top
True differential interferometric phase, θ be satellite incidence angle, λ be transmitting radar electromagnetic wave wavelength.The method is only to calculate steel tower
The distance in tilt displacement direction is to component, i.e., as shown in figure 9, the actual tilt direction and distance for steel tower are to orientation is divided
Measure schematic diagram.
Example
Table 1 is the SAR data parameter for a certain survey region chosen.
Table 1
Figure 10 is the map of magnitudes of the satellite-borne SAR image of the selected areas of table 1.
Figure 11 is the interferometric phase image of the two width SAR images at different moments of the selected areas of table 1.
Figure 12 is the initial interference phase diagram obtained from interferometric phase image shown in Figure 10.
Figure 13 is the coherence factor figure of the two width SAR images at different moments of the selected areas of table 1.
In embodiment, we have studied the inclination information of four high-voltage power transmission towers.Wherein, Figure 10, in 11,12,13
It is steel tower in ellipse circle.In Figure 10,13, it may be seen that the coherence of steel tower is to be far above other regions.Because
Steel tower has the scattering value more stronger than other regions.In fig. 11, the interferometric phase of steel tower is also stablized than other regions.Remove
Outside this, in this embodiment, due to steel tower height limitation and only slight tilt displacement, interference pattern does not occur significantly
Striped.Based on improved DINSAR methods, we obtain displacement (from left to right) difference on this four steel tower tops in Figure 11
It is+0.018m ,+0.01m ,+0.028m and+0.01m.("+" represents satellite and the distance of steel tower diminishes."-" is then opposite).Root
According to the safety standard of steel tower, if the super 0.2m~0.3m of steel tower tip displacement, these steel towers, which would be possible to collapse, to be needed to do early warning.Cause
The steel tower of survey region is currently safe in this embodiment.
In addition, high-voltage power transmission tower can also use the thread-shaped body similar to high-voltage power transmission tower to substitute, this hair is belonged to
The bright category.
Although the illustrative embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel understand the present invention, it should be apparent that the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, if various change in the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claim limits and determines, these
Change is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method based on DINSAR technologies, it is characterised in that including with Lower step:(1), in same monitoring point, high-voltage power transmission tower is obtained respectively in two width at different moments using spaceborne DINSAR systems SAR image, then by two width, SAR image conjugate multiplication obtains interferometric phase image at different moments, is finally extracted from interferometric phase image The pixel rectangular area gone out where each high-voltage power transmission tower;(2), by the pixel rectangular area where all high-voltage power transmission towers along distance to being arranged in order, one is formed initially Interferometric phase image;(3) interference fringe frequency in initial interference phase diagram, is calculated using FFT, high voltage power transmission is rejected according to interference fringe frequency The vertical height phase of steel tower, obtains residual phase figure;Wherein, the method for acquisition residual phase figure is:If initial interference phase diagram is made up of n × n pixel;To the pixel of the pixel of all rows in initial interference phase diagram Value is corresponded to after superposition is averaged in a row, i.e. 1 × n pixel, and FFT is then done to this journey, in frequency spectrum after the conversion Find the maximum frequency of frequency values, as interference fringe frequency;Circumferential displacement is carried out to the frequency spectrum after conversion again, makes interference fringe Frequency shifting obtains the frequency spectrum after displacement at 0 frequency;IFFT conversion is done finally by the frequency spectrum after displacement, so as to pick Except the vertical height phase of high-voltage power transmission tower, the image after IFFT conversion is as residual phase figure;(4) phase unwrapping, is carried out to each high-voltage power transmission tower in residual phase figure, obtains each high-voltage power transmission tower because of top True differential interferometric phase caused by tilt displacement;It is to the method that each high-voltage power transmission tower carries out phase unwrapping in residual phase figure:If each high-voltage power transmission tower region is made up of 1 × m pixel in residual phase figure, and residual phase is wrapped in (- π Between main value π), wherein, m=n/k, k represent the number of residual phase figure mesohigh electric power pylon;If the true differential interferometric phase of first pixel of the high order end in high-voltage power transmission tower region is 0, then from left to right Judge one by one, if the difference of this pixel residual phase value and adjacent leftmost pixel residual phase value is more than-π, by this difference and this True differential interferometric phase of the true differential interferometric phase sum on the adjacent left side of pixel as this pixel, if conversely, this is poor Value is less than-π, then does the true differential interferometric phase sum on the 2 π left sides adjacent with this pixel as the true differential of this pixel Phase is related to, the true differential interferometric phase of pixel where finally giving low order end, and incline as the high-voltage power transmission tower top True differential interferometric phase caused by oblique displacement;(5) the top tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower, is calculated according to true differential interferometric phase.
- 2. the high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method according to claim 1 based on DINSAR technologies, its It is characterised by, in the step (5), the top tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower is calculated according to true differential interferometric phase needs profit Calculated with below equation:<mrow> <mrow> <mo>|</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msub> <mi>C</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <mo>|</mo> </mrow> <mo>&ap;</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>&lambda;</mi> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>&pi;</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <msub> <mi>&phi;</mi> <mrow> <mi>t</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>w</mi> <mi>e</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>&pi;</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mi>&theta;</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>Wherein, | C1C2| represent the top tilt displacement of steel tower, φtowerTo be true caused by the tilt displacement of high-voltage power transmission tower top Real differential interferometry phase, θ are the incidence angle of satellite, and λ is the electromagnetic wavelength of transmitting radar.
- 3. the high-voltage power transmission tower top tilt displacement monitoring method according to claim 1 based on DINSAR technologies, its It is characterised by, described high-voltage power transmission tower can also use the thread-shaped body similar to high-voltage power transmission tower to substitute.
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