CN105966624B - 一种飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统 - Google Patents

一种飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统 Download PDF

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CN105966624B
CN105966624B CN201610346375.2A CN201610346375A CN105966624B CN 105966624 B CN105966624 B CN 105966624B CN 201610346375 A CN201610346375 A CN 201610346375A CN 105966624 B CN105966624 B CN 105966624B
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return
aircraft
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CN105966624A (zh
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王超
张兴娟
徐向东
杨春信
杨涵
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Beihang University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0644Environmental Control Systems including electric motors or generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0648Environmental Control Systems with energy recovery means, e.g. using turbines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0651Environmental Control Systems comprising filters, e.g. dust filters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D13/00Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
    • B64D13/06Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
    • B64D2013/0603Environmental Control Systems
    • B64D2013/0688Environmental Control Systems with means for recirculating cabin air
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/50On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统,属于飞行器环境控制领域。通过变频电机驱动的压气机对座舱排气进行增压,压缩后的空气进入动力涡轮做功,该部分功率作为回风系统的动力源驱动与涡轮同轴的回风风扇抽吸座舱空气,经过过滤器后与来自环境控制系统的新风在混合室中混合,随后送入座舱,实现座舱空气的再循环。系统具有全飞行高度的工作能力,且具有较大的功率输出和良好的调节性能。本发明实现了座舱空气的循环及其能量的回收,有效提高了飞机环境控制系统的能量利用率,降低燃油代偿损失,适用于现役军用和民用飞机的环境控制系统。

Description

一种飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统
技术领域
本发明属于飞行器环境控制领域,涉及一种回风系统,具体来说是一种飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统。
背景技术
飞行器环境控制系统从发动机引气并经过调温、调湿、调压以及过滤等处理后送入飞机座舱,从而将舱内空气的温湿度、压力和清洁度等参数维持在规定允许范围,保证旅客和空乘人员的舒适生活以及机载设备的正常工作,是现代飞机必不可少的组成部分。但同时,环境控制系统也是一种高能耗,低效率的系统,环境控制系统所消耗功率约占发动机输出总功率的5%,但系统整体的性能系数(COP)却不足0.3。为减少飞机的燃油代偿损失,提高飞行经济性,应当从提高能量利用率的角度对飞机环境控制系统进行优化设计。
飞机在高空巡航飞行时,增压座舱中空气的压力要远高于环境空气,二者之间的压差可以用来驱动动力涡轮做功,回收座舱空气的能量,从而提高飞行器环境控制系统的能量利用率。Seeger在专利U.S.Pat.2767541中,Kleinhans在专利U.S.Pat.2734356中以及Kuhn在U.S.Pat.2777301中分别设计相应系统将回收的能量用于对环境空气进行增压,实现座舱通风;回收能量的另一种利用方式是驱动压气机对环境空气进行预增压,从而减少环境控制系统从发动机机的引气量或降低对于电动气源的功率需求,Cronin等人在专利U.S.Pat.4419926中以及柯鹏等人在专利201210490793.0中分别对此种能量利用方式的相关系统和原理进行了阐述。
除此之外,Alankar等人在专利U.S.Pat.4262495中,Han Yang等人在文章DesignAnalysis of Power Recovery Systems for Cabin Exhaust Air中都提出了利用动力涡轮将回收的能量用于驱动座舱回风系统。座舱回风系统即采用回风风扇抽吸座舱排出的空气,过滤后重新送入座舱,使座舱在满足新风量要求的前提下大大减少发动机引气量,减低燃油代偿损失。目前回风系统中的回风风扇由电动机直接驱动,转速较低,为满足流量与压头要求,风扇的尺寸较大,若利用动力涡轮将回收的能量用于驱动回风风扇则可获得较高转速,减小风扇的体积与重量。在上述系统中,对座舱空气能量的回收与利用的前提是座舱排气与环境空气之间存在较大的压差。但在飞机的起降阶段,座舱排气与环境空气之间的压差较小且不稳定,使得能量回收与再利用系统无法全程工作;同时,系统所能回收利用的最大功量受到飞行状态与座舱回风风量的限制,可调节性差。
发明内容
本发明提出一种座舱空气能量回收与利用系统:座舱排气增压做功驱动座舱回风系统。该系统能够在飞行全过程中有效的回收座舱排气的能量并用于座舱空气的再循环。该系统通过变频电机驱动的压气机与动力涡轮对座舱排气的功量进行回收,而座舱空气的再循环则通过回风过滤器和与动力涡轮共轴的回风风扇实现。该系统通过对座舱排气能量的回收与再利用来降低飞机的燃油代偿损失,提高飞行的经济性。
本发明飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统中,座舱排气经排气管路排出座舱,经过单向活门后分为两部分:一部分座舱排气进入回风过滤器;另一部分座舱排气进入压气机。
座舱排气进入回风过滤器过滤后,由回风风扇抽吸送入混合室,与混合室内的外界空气进行混合后,重新送入座舱内;座舱排气进入压气机进行预增压后,进入动力涡轮内膨胀做功,最终排出。
上述压气机由变频电机驱动;同时回风风扇通过动力涡轮回收的能量进行驱动。
本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明座舱回风系统,可对座舱排气进行功量回收和利用,提高飞机环控系统的效率;
2、本发明座舱回风系统,回风风扇采用涡轮驱动,节省功率,且可产生高压头,满足系统回风需求;
3、本发明座舱回风系统,可对座舱排气进行预增压,使得回风系统在飞机起飞、降落等座舱排气和环境空气压差较小的飞行状态下仍能正常工作,极大地提高了系统工作范围;
4、本发明座舱回风系统,能够通过改变变频电机的输入功率对膨胀涡轮回收的功率进行主动调节和控制,提高了系统对于不同负载的适应性。
附图说明
图1为本发明本发明座舱回风系统结构原理图。
图中:
1-混合室 2-单向活门 3-压气机
4-变频电机 5-动力涡轮 6-回风过滤器
7-回风风扇 8-座舱
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明座舱回风系统,包括混合室1、单向活门2、压气机3、变频电机4、动力涡轮5、回风过滤器6与回风风扇7,如图1所示。
其中,单向活门2安装于排气管路的进气端处,排气管路的进气端与座舱8连通。排气管路具有出气端A与出气端B;其中,出气端A与回风过滤器6相连,出气端B与压气机3相连。由此,座舱排气经排气管路排出座舱8,经过单向活门2后分为两部分:一部分座舱排气经排气管路的出气端A进入回风过滤器6;另一部分座舱排气经排气管路出气端B进入压气机3。
所述回风过滤器6通过管路与回风风扇7相连,回风风扇7通过管路与混合室1相连,混合室1经进气管路与座舱8连通,且混合室1还与飞机环境控制系统中的制冷包相连。由此,座舱排气进入回风过滤器6后,经回风过滤器6去除污染物后,由回风风扇7抽吸送入混合室1,与混合室1内经制冷包制冷后通入的外界空气进行混合后,重新送入座舱8内,实现座舱8内空气的再循环。
所述压气机3由变频电机4驱动工作,压气机3通过管路与动力涡轮5相连。由此,座舱8排气进入压气机3后,在压气机3中进行预增压后,进入动力涡轮5内膨胀做功,最终排出。动力涡轮5回收的能量用于驱动与之同轴安装的回风风扇7,从而实现对座舱8回风系统的驱动。
在起降和巡航两种飞行状态下,对座舱8回风系统所需的功率、采用座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱8回风系统和无预增压的座舱8回风系统所能回收的功率分别进行计算。其中,系统计算状态点如见表1所示;系统附件参数如表2所示,计算机构如表3所示。
表1 系统计算状态点
表2 系统附件参数
表3 系统性能
计算结果表明:相比于电机直驱的回风系统,本发明飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统在巡航阶段可以回收约19kW的功率,同时减小回风风扇7的体积与重量;而与无预增压的系统相比,本发明提出的飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统在飞机起降和巡航状态下均能输出足够功率使回风系统正常工作。
综上所述,本发明公开的飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统具有更宽广的工作范围,更大的回收功率和更好的可调节性。

Claims (1)

1.一种飞机座舱排气增压做功驱动的座舱回风系统,其特征在于:座舱排气经排气管路排出座舱,经过单向活门后分为两部分:一部分座舱排气进入回风过滤器;另一部分座舱排气进入压气机;
座舱排气进入回风过滤器过滤后,由回风风扇抽吸送入混合室,与混合室内的外界空气进行混合后,重新送入座舱内;
座舱排气进入压气机进行预增压后,进入动力涡轮内膨胀做功,最终排出;
动力涡轮回收的能量用于驱动与之同轴安装的回风风扇;
压气机由变频电机驱动。
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CN107521700A (zh) * 2017-07-28 2017-12-29 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 一种综合式座舱空气再循环系统
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