CN105956560A - Vehicle model identification method based on pooling multi-scale depth convolution characteristics - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle model identification method based on pooling multi-scale depth convolution characteristics, comprising the following steps: extracting the depth convolution characteristic of each vehicle model image in a vehicle model database according to different scales, wherein the first scale is not processed; carrying out PCA dimension reduction of the depth convolution characteristics of the remaining scales; carrying out coding using a local characteristic aggregation descriptor; carrying out PCA dimension reduction again to get the characteristic representation of the current scale; cascade-pooling the characteristics of all the scales to get the final characteristic representation of the current image; training a linear support vector machine using the characteristic representation of the vehicle model images to get a vehicle model identification system; and for a vehicle to be identified, acquiring the characteristic representation of the vehicle, and importing the vehicle into the identification system to identify the model of the vehicle. The traditional depth convolution characteristic lacks of geometrical invariability, which limits vehicle model image classification and identification in a variable scenario. The problem is well solved by using pooling multi-scale depth convolution characteristics of images. The vehicle model identification method of the invention is of high practicability and robustness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to image procossing, pattern classification and identification technical field, multiple dimensioned based on pondization particularly to one
The model recognizing method of degree of depth convolution feature.
Background of invention
Traditional vehicle cab recognition technology includes that vehicle detection segmentation, feature extraction and selection, pattern recognition etc. process.This kind of technology
It is faced with many difficult points: under complex background, how to be partitioned into premise and base that complete target vehicle region is vehicle cab recognition
Plinth；How in numerous features of automobile, to select representative feature, and it is the heaviest to convert it into effective parameter
Want；After obtaining characteristic parameter, the most correctly select and design grader also to directly affect the accuracy rate of last identification.
The concept of degree of depth study originates from artificial neural network, refers to the neutral net with multiple structure.The degree of depth learns
Mainly imitating neural hierarchical structure from bionic angle, low level represents details, the data that high-level expression is abstract
Architectural feature, by the most abstract, the highly essential information of mining data, thus reach the destination of study.Convolutional neural networks
By locally-attached mode, sharing weights, and then efficiently solve the problem being fully connected, this also makes convolutional neural networks exist
Image processing method mask has the superiority of uniqueness.
At present, for different visual identity tasks, there has been proposed many various convolutional neural networks structures,
And achieve remarkable result.But it is performed poor in terms of vehicle cab recognition, and convolutional neural networks feature based on the overall situation lacks
Geometric invariance, limits the classification to variable scene and coupling.
In accordance with the above, the present invention proposes a kind of vehicle cab recognition side based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature
Method, it is proposed that a degree of depth learning framework about vehicle cab recognition the most succinct, by Analysis On Multi-scale Features and the degree of depth of vehicle image
Convolutional network feature combines, and have employed local feature polymerization and describes the coded system of son.Individually degree of depth convolution feature lacks
Few geometric invariance, limits the classification to variable vehicle scene and coupling, and Analysis On Multi-scale Features utilizes the image of more horn of plenty
Information, both combinations solve this problem well, use local feature polymerization to describe son and encode, improve computing speed
Degree, reduces memory consumption, improves the accuracy rate of identification on the whole, have higher practicality and robustness.
Summary of the invention
Heretofore described method is the shortcoming in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art, carries out feature mainly for vehicle image
The problem extracted and vehicle is finely divided identification, it is proposed that a kind of vehicle cab recognition based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature
Method.Concrete technical scheme is as described below.
A kind of model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: each vehicle image to vehicle image data base, extracts its degree of depth convolution feature by different scale；
Step 2: first yardstick does not processes, the degree of depth convolution feature of remaining each yardstick, carry out PCA dimensionality reduction, the spy after dimensionality reduction
Levy vector；
Step 3: the characteristic vector after dimensionality reduction is carried out local feature polymerization and describes son coding, the characteristic vector after being encoded；
Step 4: the characteristic vector after coding is carried out PCA dimensionality reduction, obtains the character representation of current scale；
Step 5: the character representation of all yardsticks is cascaded pond, obtains present image pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution mark sheet
Show；
Step 6: the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation of all vehicle images is used for linear SVM training,
To model recognition system；
Step 7: to vehicle to be identified, same acquisition its pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation, import identification system
Identify its vehicle.
In technique scheme, described step 1 includes following step:
Step 1.1: ask for the average image U of all images in model data storehouse；
Step 1.2: by original vehicle image scaling to 256*256 size, then deducts average image U, then imports degree of depth convolution
Neural network model carries out feature extraction, 4096 dimensional features of network model's layer 7 are rolled up as the degree of depth of first yardstick
Long-pending feature, the most further processes；
Step 1.3: on the original image with window, step-length 32*32 is extracted m image block, according to the mode in step 1.2, is carried
Take 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution features of m image block；
Step 1.4: the window size in step 1.3 is set to 64*64, extracts 4096 dimensions of n image block in the same way
Degree of depth convolution feature.
In technique scheme, described step 2 includes following step:
Step 2.1: m the 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution feature that will generate in step 1.3, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 500 dimensions,
Obtain the characteristic vector of m 500 dimension；
Step 2.2: n the 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution feature that will generate in step 1.4, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 500 dimensions,
Obtain the characteristic vector of n 500 dimension.
In technique scheme, described step 3 includes the most several step:
Step 3.1: the individual characteristic vector after dimensionality reduction in step 2.1 carries out k-means cluster, generates the code of a 100*500
This；
Step 3.2: use local feature polymerization to describe son and each characteristic vector is encoded；
Step 3.3: after using two norm normalization, the character representation of 50000 dimensions after being encoded；
Step 3.4: equally n characteristic vector in step 2.2 is carried out the operation of step 3.1-3.3,50000 after being encoded
The character representation of dimension.
In technique scheme, described step 4 includes the most several step:
Step 4.1: to 50000 dimensional feature vectors generated in step 3.3, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, as the
The character representation of two yardsticks；
Step 4.2: to 50000 dimensional feature vectors generated in step 3.4, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, as the
The character representation of three yardsticks；
In technique scheme, the feature of all yardsticks is cascaded pond by described step 5, obtains present image pondization multiple dimensioned
Degree of depth convolution character representation, including cascade each and every one yardstick of pondization first to the characteristic vector of the 3rd yardstick, obtains current vehicle
The characteristic vector of the 3*4096 dimension that image is final represents.
In technique scheme, described step 6 includes following step:
Step 6.1: using the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature of current class vehicle image as positive sample, other classification vehicles
The pondization of image multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature is as negative sample；
Step 6.2: use Linear SVM training the two sample, obtain the grader of current class vehicle image；
Step 6.3: repeat the step 6.1 operation to step 6.2, obtain the grader of all categories vehicle image, structure after associating
Become model recognition system.
In technique scheme, described step 7 includes following step:
Step 7.1: to vehicle image to be identified, by the extraction of step 1 to step 5, obtain the pond of vehicle image to be identified
Multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation；
Step 7.2: in the model recognition system trained in the character representation steps for importing 6 that will obtain, identify its vehicle.
Because the present invention uses technique scheme, therefore possess following beneficial effect:
Inventive concept is simple and clear, Analysis On Multi-scale Features and the degree of depth convolutional network feature of vehicle image is combined, and uses
Local feature polymerization describes the coded system of son.Individually degree of depth convolution feature lacks geometric invariance, limits variable
The classification of vehicle scene and coupling, and Analysis On Multi-scale Features utilizes the image information of more horn of plenty, both solve well in combination
This problem, uses local feature polymerization to describe son and encodes, improve arithmetic speed, reduce memory consumption, carry on the whole
The high accuracy rate identified, has higher practicality and robustness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that algorithm based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature realizes schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
By describing the technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, being realized purpose and effect, below in conjunction with embodiment
And coordinate accompanying drawing to be explained in detail.
The present invention proposes a kind of model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature, knows in vehicle vehicle
Shang not obtain good effect.Whole algorithm realizes schematic diagram as it is shown in figure 1, include step:
Step 1: each vehicle image to vehicle image data base, extracts its degree of depth convolution feature by different scale, and yardstick 1 is not
Process；
Specifically, to each vehicle image, extract the degree of depth convolution feature under three yardsticks here, and yardstick 1 is not entered
Single stepping, only processes the degree of depth convolution feature of remaining two yardsticks, including following step:
Step 1.1: ask for the average image of all images in model data storehouse；
Step 1.2: by original vehicle image scaling to 256*256 size, then deducts average image, then imports degree of depth convolution god
Feature extraction is carried out in network model, using 4096 dimensional features of network model's layer 7 as the degree of depth convolution feature of yardstick 1,
The most further process；
Step 1.3: on the original image with window 128*128, step-length 32*32 extracts m image block, according in step 1.2
Mode, extracts 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution features of m image block；
Step 1.4: the window size in step 1.3 is set to 64*64, extracts 4096 dimensions of n image block in the same way
Degree of depth convolution feature.
Step 2: by the degree of depth convolution feature of remaining each yardstick, carry out PCA dimensionality reduction；
Specifically, the degree of depth convolution feature to yardstick 2 and yardstick 3, constitute owing to having a lot of image block, global dimension is very
Height, so needing to process, including following step further:
Step 2.1: m the 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution feature that will generate in step 1.3, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 500 dimensions,
Obtain the characteristic vector of m 500 dimension；
Step 2.2: n the 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution feature that will generate in step 1.4, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 500 dimensions,
Obtain the characteristic vector of n 500 dimension.
Step 3: the characteristic vector after dimensionality reduction is carried out local feature polymerization and describes son coding；
Specifically, representing the characteristic vector after dimensionality reduction, need to encode further, take here is local feature polymerization
Describe son to encode, including following step:
Step 3.1: m characteristic vector after dimensionality reduction in step 2.1 carries out k-means cluster, generates the code of a 100*500
This；
Step 3.2: use local feature polymerization to describe son and each characteristic vector is encoded；
Step 3.3: after using two norm normalization, the character representation of 50000 dimensions after being encoded；
Step 3.4: equally n characteristic vector in step 2.2 is carried out the operation of step 3.1-3.3,50000 after being encoded
The character representation of dimension.
Step 4: the characteristic vector after coding is carried out PCA dimensionality reduction, obtains the character representation of current scale；
Specifically, the feature vector dimension after coding is the highest, and the complexity of calculating is at a relatively high, in addition it is also necessary to drop further
Dimension, where like taking PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, including following step:
Step 4.1: to 50000 dimensional feature vectors generated in step 3.3, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, as chi
The character representation of degree 2；
Step 4.2: to 50000 dimensional feature vectors generated in step 3.4, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, as chi
The character representation of degree 3；
Step 5: the feature of all yardsticks is cascaded pond, obtains the multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation of present image pondization；
Specifically, yardstick 1 is represented to the characteristic vector of yardstick 3, contain space and the knot of original image under different scale
Structure information, needs cascade pond further to get up, and the characteristic vector of the dimension that pie graph picture is final represents.
Step 6: the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation of all vehicle images is used for linear SVM instruction
Practice, obtain model recognition system；
Specifically, the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation to all vehicle images obtained, take one vs here
Rest linear SVM is trained.The detailed process of one vs rest linear SVM training is: when setting original training
There is K kind vehicle classification to need to divide, when extracting training set, extract each independent class positive sample as training set respectively
Collection, remaining all samples, as negative sample collection, obtain the linear SVM grader of K two classification, test by training
Time, corresponding test vector to be tested with this K training result file respectively, each test has a scoring, final recognition result is exactly that classification that score value is the highest, also will vehicle classification to be identified for having
That class of maximum classification function value, including following step:
Step 6.1: using the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature of current class vehicle image as positive sample, other classification vehicles
The pondization of image multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature is as negative sample；
Step 6.2: use Linear SVM training the two sample, obtain the grader of current class vehicle image；
Step 6.3: repeat the step 6.1 operation to step 6.2, obtain the grader of all categories vehicle image, structure after associating
Become model recognition system.
Step 7: to vehicle to be identified, same acquisition its pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation, import identification system
I.e. may recognize that its vehicle.
Specifically, to vehicle to be identified, obtain the multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation of its pondization by same step, then
Import identification system and i.e. may recognize that its vehicle, including following step:
Step 7.1: to vehicle image to be identified, by the extraction of step 1 to step 5, obtain the pond of vehicle image to be identified
Multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation；
Step 7.2: in the model recognition system trained in the character representation steps for importing 6 that will obtain, identify its vehicle.
Claims (8)
1. a model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: each vehicle image to vehicle image data base, extracts its degree of depth convolution feature by different scale；
Step 2: first yardstick does not processes, the degree of depth convolution feature of remaining each yardstick, carry out PCA dimensionality reduction, the spy after dimensionality reduction
Levy vector；
Step 3: the characteristic vector after dimensionality reduction is carried out local feature polymerization and describes son coding, the characteristic vector after being encoded；
Step 4: the characteristic vector after coding is carried out PCA dimensionality reduction, obtains the character representation of current scale；
Step 5: the character representation of all yardsticks is cascaded pond, obtains present image pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution mark sheet
Show；
Step 6: the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation of all vehicle images is used for linear SVM training,
To model recognition system；
Step 7: to vehicle to be identified, same acquisition its pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation, import identification system
Identify its vehicle.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 1 and include following step:
Step 1.1: ask for the average image of all images in model data storehouse；
Step 1.2: by original vehicle image scaling to 256*256 size, then deducts average image, then imports degree of depth convolution god
Feature extraction is carried out, using 4096 dimensional features of network model's layer 7 as the degree of depth convolution of first yardstick in network model
Feature, the most further processes；
Step 1.3: on the original image with window 128*128, step-length 32*32 is extractedmIndividual image block, according in step 1.2
Mode, extractsm4096 dimension degree of depth convolution features of individual image block；
Step 1.4: the window size in step 1.3 is set to 64*64, extracts in the same wayn4096 dimensions of individual image block
Degree of depth convolution feature.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that institute
State step 2 and include following step:
Step 2.1: by generate in step 1.3mIndividual 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution features, use PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 500 dimensions,
ObtainmThe characteristic vector of individual 500 dimensions；
Step 2.2: by generate in step 1.4nIndividual 4096 dimension degree of depth convolution features, use PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 500 dimensions,
ObtainnThe characteristic vector of individual 500 dimensions.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that institute
State step 3 and include the most several step:
Step 3.1: after dimensionality reduction in step 2.1mIndividual characteristic vector carries out k-means cluster, generates the code of a 100*500
This；
Step 3.2: use local feature polymerization to describe son and each characteristic vector is encoded；
Step 3.3: after using two norm normalization, the character representation of 50000 dimensions after being encoded；
Step 3.4: same in step 2.2nIndividual characteristic vector carries out the operation of step 3.1-3.3,50000 after being encoded
The character representation of dimension.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that institute
State step 4 and include the most several step:
Step 4.1: to 50000 dimensional feature vectors generated in step 3.3, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, as the
The character representation of two yardsticks；
Step 4.2: to 50000 dimensional feature vectors generated in step 3.4, uses PCA dimensionality reduction to be dropped to 4096 dimensions, as the
The character representation of three yardsticks.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State in step 5 and the feature of all yardsticks is cascaded pond, obtain the multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation of present image pondization, including
Cascade each and every one yardstick of pondization first, to the characteristic vector of the 3rd yardstick, obtains the spy of the final 3*4096 dimension of current vehicle image
Levy vector representation.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 6 and include following step:
Step 6.1: using the pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature of current class vehicle image as positive sample, other classification vehicles
The pondization of image multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature is as negative sample；
Step 6.2: use Linear SVM training the two sample, obtain the grader of current class vehicle image；
Step 6.3: repeat the step 6.1 operation to step 6.2, obtain the grader of all categories vehicle image, structure after associating
Become model recognition system.
Model recognizing method based on pondization multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution feature the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
State step 7 and include following step:
Step 7.1: to vehicle image to be identified, by the extraction of step 1 to step 5, obtain the pond of vehicle image to be identified
Multiple dimensioned degree of depth convolution character representation；
Step 7.2: in the model recognition system trained in the character representation steps for importing 6 that will obtain, identify its vehicle.
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