CN105956501A - Smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm of fixed dwell time - Google Patents

Smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm of fixed dwell time Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105956501A
CN105956501A CN201610512113.9A CN201610512113A CN105956501A CN 105956501 A CN105956501 A CN 105956501A CN 201610512113 A CN201610512113 A CN 201610512113A CN 105956501 A CN105956501 A CN 105956501A
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smart antenna
scanning
wave beam
time
adaptive control
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李建雄
闫必行
陈明省
宋战伟
韩晓迪
刘鹏学
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
    • G06K7/10079—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the spatial domain, e.g. temporary shields for blindfolding the interrogator in specific directions

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm of fixed dwell time. The smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm belongs to the technical field of RF communication and antennas. The smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm utilizes a Chebyshev inequation for estimating the number of tags, selects the optimal frame length according to a frame slotted ALOHA algorithm, calculates the number of scanning times required for each beam, realizes beam switching self-adaptive control by adopting a circular queue method, and achieves the purpose of tag self-adaptive recognition. The smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm can shorten tag recognition time, increase tag recognition rate and reduce energy consumption, and has important significance and wide application prospect in UHF RFID system recognition.

Description

A kind of smart antenna self-adapting control algolithm of fixing residence time
Technical field
The invention belongs to radio communication and antenna technical field, particularly relate to a kind of fixing resident time Between smart antenna self-adapting control algolithm.
Background technology
RFID (RF identification) technology utilizes radiofrequency signal to carry out contactless two-way communication, Automatically identify destination object and obtain relevant information data be successfully applied to manufacture, logistics The every field such as storage, transportation, health care, public safety.It utilizes radiofrequency signal Space Coupling realize the transmission of non-contact type data, and reach to identify by the mutually transmission of information The purpose of object.
Conventional reader maximum identification distance is at about 10 meters, and total identification region is limited, It is not met by the demand of most of user, thus limits its large-scale application.Another closes The problem of key is the problem being extremely difficult to 100% discrimination.Mainly there are two aspect reasons: first, Because what antenna was limited launches power and fixing antenna pattern, so rfid system has Effect identifies that region is limited, and meanwhile, multi-path jamming causes identifying that the part labels in region does not has The enough energy of acquisition are had to be activated；Second, owing to passive ultra-high frequency RFID carries out noncontact Data are transmitted, it is easy to cause the communication of multi-tag " to collide ", thus can not correctly transmit number It is believed that breath, affect the correct reading of reader.
Smart antenna can utilize the combination of multiple bay to carry out signal processing, automatically adjusts Launch and receiving pattern.Smart antenna can be divided into fixed beam sky by the difference of operation principle Line, beam switchover type smart antenna and adaptive smart antenna.Wherein beam switchover type intelligence sky Line has simple in construction, need not differentiate the advantages such as subscriber signal arrival direction and fast response time, The more important thing is that the same wave beam of up-link can also be used for downlink, thus at downlink On be also provided that gain, its potential using value has obtained increasing both at home and abroad attention. Passive ultra-high frequency RFID reader system introduces intelligent antenna technology and is favorably improved existing readding Read device maximum and identify distance, overlay area, anticollision, location and the performance such as anti-interference.
In the case of label antenna reception power is constant, increases and identify that distance will increase transmitting Power or increase reader antenna gain, the increase of single beam antenna gain reduces wave beam width Degree, reduces the coverage of reader.Beam switchover type array antenna increases the increasing of antenna Benefit, wave beam narrows, but owing to wave beam scans in a plurality of directions, so total identification region Extend, as it is shown in figure 1, the area coverage sum of wave beam 1,2,3,4 is more than single low The area coverage of gain fixed beam.
Existing research is concentrated mainly on above the anti-collision algorithm of label, and does not has the ripple of correspondence Bundle switching adaptive control algorithm.The present invention combine the reader of beam switchover type smart antenna with The channel model of label communication, identifies distance according to reader maximum, effectively identify region, The reference label density impact on anticollision, it is proposed that one is applicable to ultrahigh frequency RFID and reads The beam switchover adaptive control algorithm of device smart antenna.This algorithm can be according to each wave beam side When the situations such as number of tags upwards, call duration time determine residence time and the sweep spacing of wave beam Between, reach the purpose of Self Adaptive Control wave beam.
Summary of the invention
The smart antenna self-adapting that the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of fixing residence time controls Algorithm, this algorithm can be according to situations such as the number of tags on each beam direction, call duration times Determine residence time and the sweep interval of wave beam, reach the purpose of Self Adaptive Control wave beam, Reduce recognition time, improve tag recognition rate, reduce energy expenditure simultaneously.
The smart antenna self-adapting control algolithm of a kind of fixing residence time, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: all labels in identification range are scanned, utilize Chebyshev inequality to estimate Calculate the number of tags to be identified in beam area；
Step 2: determine according to the number of tags in beam area and dynamic frame CDMA slotted ALOHA algorithm The residence time T of scanning, calculates the scanning times S that regional needs the most respectivelyi。
Step 3: the title of wave beam and the scanning times of needs are stored in round-robin queue, and start right The region that in round-robin queue, head pointer points to is scanned, and sweep time is T.
Step 4: after scanning through a region, scanning times is subtracted 1, then by round-robin queue Head pointer points to next position, i.e. beam direction and points to next region, scans T time.
Step 5: repeat step 4, after complete for all beam scannings, first determine whether the 1st wave beam Required scanning times, if it is more than 0, then continues wave beam 1 is scanned T time；If It is equal to 0, the most directly skips the 1st wave beam, judges the 2nd wave beam.
Step 6: successively each element in round-robin queue is judged, if scanning times is 0, This wave beam is not scanned, otherwise, just to this beam scanning T time.If this Scanning times needed for four wave beams is equal to 0, then show that all labels all identify complete.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
For clearer explanation inventive embodiments or technical scheme of the prior art, below will The accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art is briefly described, retouches below Accompanying drawing in stating is only one embodiment of the present of invention, comes for those of ordinary skill in the art Say, do not pay creation laborious on the premise of, it is also possible to obtain other accompanying drawing with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that beam switchover type array antenna scans schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the optimum length of frame of different number of tags to be identified；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention four beam switchover Self Adaptive Control scans schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is to read the time diagram that label is consumed；
Fig. 5 is to read the energy diagram that label is consumed.
Detailed description of the invention:
The purport of the present invention is that the smart antenna self-adapting proposing a kind of fixing residence time controls Algorithm, this algorithm can be according to situations such as the number of tags on each beam direction, call duration times Determine residence time and the sweep interval of wave beam, reach the purpose of Self Adaptive Control wave beam, Recognition time can be reduced simultaneously, improve tag recognition rate, reduce energy expenditure.Below in conjunction with Embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail for accompanying drawing.
One, Chebyshev inequality algorithm estimates label number
Assuming a total of n label to be identified in the identification range of reader, frame length is L, The probability then having r label to take in a time slot obeys binomial distribution, it may be assumed that
P ( r , n , L ) = r n ( 1 L ) r ( 1 - 1 L ) n - r - - - ( 1 )
The then probability of single label response time slot
P ( 1 , n , L ) = ( n L ) ( 1 - 1 L ) n - 1 - - - ( 2 )
The probability of free timeslot
P ( 0 , n , L ) = ( 1 - 1 L ) n - - - ( 3 )
The probability of multi-tag response time slot
P (k, n, L)=1-P (1, n, L)-P (0, n, L), k ＞ 1 (4)
Random definition initial idle number of time slots, successfully identification number of time slots and collision number of time slots It is respectively c0、c1、ck, calculate free timeslot number respectively according to formula (1)-(4) Success identifies number of time slotsWith collision number of time slotsCalculated value.To be identified Span [the c of number of tags n1+2ck..., 2* (c1+2ck)] in, utilize Chebyshev Formula
ϵ ( L , c 0 , c 1 , c k ) = m i n n | a 0 L , n a 1 L , n a 2 L , n - c 0 c 1 c 2 | - - - ( 5 )
Find ε (L, the c of minimum0, c1, ck), corresponding n is exactly number of tags to be identified.
Two, the optimum length of frame of different number of tags to be identified selects
Frame Slotted Aloha algorithm only could keep when frame length and number of tags are roughly equal High throughput, when number of tags to be identified is more than frame length, the recognition time of label as Collide and quickly increase；When number of tags to be identified is less than frame length, substantial amounts of time slot can be caused again Waste.So system to be made all keeps higher throughput then must make during whole identification Frame length is variable, and the selection of system frame length needs to adjust in real time, and Fig. 2 is different marks to be identified Sign the optimum length of frame of number.
Three, round-robin queue's storage
Round-robin queue is a storage organization that can realize " first in first out ", it is possible to realization is many The sequential storage of wave beam and circulation are read, respectively by the title of each wave beam and need scanning time Number deposits in round-robin queue, has a head pointer, it is possible to according to the finger of head pointer in round-robin queue Always storage and the reading of data are realized, so we use the mode of round-robin queue to realize ripple Bundle switching adaptive control algorithm.After scanning through a wave beam, this wave beam needs scanning Number of times subtracts one, when the number of times that certain wave beam needs scanning is 0, the most no longer scans this wave beam, It is directly switch to next wave beam.If the number of times that all wave beams need scanning is all 0, then anticipate Taste all of label and is all identified complete.
Four, instance analysis
Fig. 3 is that the present invention four beam switchover Self Adaptive Control scans schematic diagram, it is assumed that array antenna 4 wave beams can be generated, in conjunction with Fig. 4, algorithm is described in detail.With wave beam 1, corresponding to 2,3,4 Scanning times is respectively 1, as a example by 3,4,2, and head during left side exemplary plot is round-robin queue in each step The sensing of pointer and the change of each beam scanning number of times, the right exemplary plot is wave beam state diagram, cloudy Shadow represents the wave beam scanned:
Step 1: first all labels in identification range are scanned, utilize Qie Bixue Husband's inequality estimates the number of tags to be identified in these 4 beam areas.
Step 2: determine scanning according to the number of tags in these 4 beam areas and Fig. 2 Residence time T, calculates the scanning times S that regional needs the most respectivelyi。
Step 3: the title of these 4 wave beams and the scanning times of needs are stored in round-robin queue In, and start the region of head pointer sensing in round-robin queue is scanned, sweep time is T, As shown in Fig. 3 (a).
Step 4: after scanning through first region, the scanning times in first region is subtracted 1, Then the head pointer of round-robin queue is pointed to next position, adjusts the orientation angle of antenna, will It points to wave beam 2, scans T time, as shown in Fig. 3 (b).
Step 5: after scanning through Two Areas, equally by the scanning of Two Areas time Number subtracts 1, is then sequentially adjusted in the orientation angle of antenna, is respectively directed to wave beam 3,4 region, As shown in Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d).
Step 6: after complete for these 4 beam scannings, sweeping needed for first determining whether wave beam 1 Retouch number of times, if it is more than 0, then continue wave beam 1 is scanned T time；If equal to 0, The most directly skip wave beam 1, wave beam 2 is judged, as shown in Fig. 3 (e).
Step 7: successively each element in round-robin queue is judged, if scanning time Number is 0, is not scanned this wave beam, otherwise, just to this beam scanning T time. If the scanning times needed for these 4 wave beams is equal to 0, then show that all labels have all identified Finish.
The transfer sequence that can draw wave beam according to Fig. 3 is 1-2-3-4-2-3-4-2-3-3-3, ripple Bundle can realize Self Adaptive Control.
Fig. 4 is to read the time diagram that label is consumed, and Fig. 5 is to read the energy that label is consumed Spirogram, it is assumed that in identifying region, random distribution 1000 labels, and the equal energy of each label It is correctly validated, figure 4, it is seen that use the switching-beam algorithm of fixing residence time The time consumed is considerably less than the time that low gain fixed beam is consumed；From fig. 5, it can be seen that The energy using the switching-beam algorithm consumption of fixing residence time is significantly less than low gain and fixes The energy that wave beam is consumed.
Example shows, the smart antenna self-adapting control algolithm of fixing residence time can reach The purpose of Self Adaptive Control wave beam, reduces recognition time, improves tag recognition rate, reduces simultaneously Energy expenditure, the significant and application prospect to UHF rfid system identification.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is the schematic diagram of an embodiment, above-mentioned Inventive embodiments sequence number, just to describing, does not represent the quality of embodiment.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limiting as the present invention, all at this Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, all should wrap Within being contained in protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a smart antenna self-adapting control algolithm for fixing residence time, under is characterized in that including Row step:
Step 1: all labels in identification range are scanned, utilize Chebyshev inequality to estimate Calculate the number of tags to be identified in beam area；
Step 2: determine according to the number of tags in beam area and dynamic frame CDMA slotted ALOHA algorithm The residence time T of scanning, calculates the scanning times S that regional needs the most respectivelyi。
Step 3: the title of wave beam and the scanning times of needs are stored in round-robin queue, and start right The region that in round-robin queue, head pointer points to is scanned, and sweep time is T.
Step 4: after scanning through a region, scanning times is subtracted 1, then by round-robin queue Head pointer points to next position, i.e. beam direction and points to next region, scans T time.
Step 5: repeat step 4, after complete for all beam scannings, first determine whether the 1st wave beam Required scanning times, if it is more than 0, then continues wave beam 1 is scanned T time；If It is equal to 0, the most directly skips the 1st wave beam, judges the 2nd wave beam.
Step 6: successively each element in round-robin queue is judged, if scanning times is 0, This wave beam is not scanned, otherwise, just to this beam scanning T time.If this Scanning times needed for four wave beams is equal to 0, then show that all labels all identify complete.
The smart antenna self-adapting of a kind of fixing residence time the most according to claim 1 controls Algorithm, is characterized in that: in step 1, utilizes Chebyshev inequality to estimate in beam area Number of tags to be identified.
The smart antenna self-adapting of a kind of fixing residence time the most according to claim 1 controls Algorithm, is characterized in that: in step 2, utilizes dynamic frame CDMA slotted ALOHA algorithms selection optimal Frame length, so that it is determined that go out the residence time T of scanning.
The smart antenna self-adapting of a kind of fixing residence time the most according to claim 1 controls Algorithm, is characterized in that: in step 3, introduces round-robin queue and realizes storage, it is judged that algorithm terminates.
CN201610512113.9A 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 Smart antenna self-adaptive control algorithm of fixed dwell time Pending CN105956501A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103324856A (en) * 2013-07-01 2013-09-25 华南理工大学 Method for quickly estimating number of RFID (radio frequency identification) tags
CN103460508A (en) * 2011-01-05 2013-12-18 阿尔卡特朗讯 Conformal antenna array
CN104680209A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-06-03 广东工业大学 Radio frequency identification label number estimating method capable of meeting EPC C1G2 standard and based on time slot states
CN105117669A (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-12-02 电子科技大学 No-equipment target tracking method for adaptive adjustment of reader based on RFID

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103460508A (en) * 2011-01-05 2013-12-18 阿尔卡特朗讯 Conformal antenna array
CN103324856A (en) * 2013-07-01 2013-09-25 华南理工大学 Method for quickly estimating number of RFID (radio frequency identification) tags
CN104680209A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-06-03 广东工业大学 Radio frequency identification label number estimating method capable of meeting EPC C1G2 standard and based on time slot states
CN105117669A (en) * 2015-05-12 2015-12-02 电子科技大学 No-equipment target tracking method for adaptive adjustment of reader based on RFID

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Title
张小红等: "分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法研究", 《电子学报》 *
张文锦等: "基于多波束切换的便携式RFID阅读器设计", 《天津工业大学学报》 *
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