CN105941397A - 一种三七种子包衣剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种三七种子包衣剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种三七种子包衣剂及其制备方法与应用。所述的三七种子包衣剂包括原料重量份的成膜材料50~100份、植物多糖80~120份、植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂3~7份、微肥1~4份、抗菌剂2~6份制备得到。制备方法包括前处理和配制步骤。应用为所述的三七种子包衣剂在制备三七种子包衣膜中的应用。本发明的包衣剂有良好的成膜性、耐水性、透气性、透水性等理化性能，能保护三七种子，提高种子萌发率，促进三七幼苗生长发育，增加抗病抗逆能力。在三七种子的表面加上一层本发明的包衣剂，能保护三七种子活力，加快发芽，促进成苗，提高抗逆性、抗病性，是促进三七农业规范化、现代化，增加三七产量，保障三七质量的种子技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于种子繁育技术领域，具体涉及一种三七种子包衣剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
三七（Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen），又名田七、金不换等，为五加科(Araliaceae)人参属(Panax)植物。三七为我国重要的传统中药，利用历史悠久。目前，全国以三七为原料的单方和复方中成药制剂400余个，含有三七的准字号中成药制剂批文3207个，药品品种324个，进入国家基本药物和中药保护品种目录的有20余个，以三七为原料的保健食品、化妆品等健康相关产品更是品类繁多。全国有1258家药厂生产以三七为原料的药品，对三七的需求不断增长。
三七是多年生植物，通常是育苗一年后移植栽培二年即可采挖。种子种苗是种植业的源头，只有优质的种子种苗才能为三七产业健康发展提供保障。三七种子淡黄白色，圆形或三角状卵形，长5-7
mm，直径4-6mm，表面粗糙，有皱纹，具种脊，基部有圆形吸水孔，外周有种皮包裹，种皮由珠被或珠被和珠心共同发育而成。胚乳丰富，白色，胚细小。三年生种子直径0.54-0.65cm，含水量约60-65%。千粒重95-110g。种子休眠期45-60天，种子寿命短，不耐储存，在冷藏状态下也仅为30天左右。长期以来，三七种子品质无保障，发芽率不稳定，子秧成活率低，容易被病菌感染或虫害侵蚀，是三七农业持续发展的瓶颈。因此，开发一种能解决上述技术问题的方法是非常必要的。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种三七种子包衣剂；第二目的在于提供所述的三七种子包衣剂的制备方法；第三目的在于提供所述的三七种子包衣剂的应用。
本发明的第一目的是这样实现的，所述的三七种子包衣剂包括原料重量份的成膜材料50~100份、植物多糖80~120份、植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂3~7份、微肥1~4份、抗菌剂2~6份制备得到。
本发明的第二目的是这样实现的，包括前处理、配制步骤，具体包括：
A、前处理：将配方配比的成膜材料用热水溶解使其含量为5~10%得到溶液a备用；同时将配方配比的发芽促进剂配制成8~12%的水溶液得到溶液b备用；
B、将溶液a与溶液b混合均匀得到混合液c，在混合液c中依次加入配方配比的植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂、微肥和抗菌剂搅拌混合均匀得到目标物三七种子包衣剂。
本发明的第三目的是这样实现的，所述的三七种子包衣剂在制备三七种子包衣膜中的应用。
本发明的包衣剂有良好的成膜性、耐水性、透气性、透水性等理化性能，能保护三七种子，提高种子萌发率，促进三七幼苗生长发育，增加抗病抗逆能力。在三七种子的表面加上一层本发明的包衣剂，能保护三七种子活力，加快发芽，促进成苗，提高抗逆性、抗病性，是促进三七农业规范化、现代化，增加三七产量，保障三七质量的种子技术。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制，基于本发明教导所作的任何变换或替换，均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明所述的三七种子包衣剂包括原料重量份的成膜材料50~100份、植物多糖80~120份、植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂3~7份、微肥1~4份、抗菌剂2~6份制备得到。
所述的原料包括重量份的成膜材料50~70份、植物多糖90~110份、植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂4~6份、微肥2~3份、抗菌剂3~5份。
所述的成膜材料为羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇1788、聚乙烯醇124、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30和卡波姆940中的一种或几种。
所述的植物多糖为罗望子多糖、三七多糖、葛根多糖和海藻多糖中的一种或几种。
所述的植物生长调节剂为3-吲哚丁酸、2,4-D、赤霉素、萘乙酸和水杨酸中的一种或几种。
所述的微肥为螯合态微量元素肥料，微量元素包括铈、硼、铜、锌、钼和锰元素。
所述的抗菌剂为多抗霉素、菌核净、甲霜灵、粉秀灵和新植霉素中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的三七种子包衣剂的制备方法，包括前处理、配制步骤，具体包括：
A、前处理：将配方配比的成膜材料用热水溶解使其含量为5~10%得到溶液a备用；同时将配方配比的发芽促进剂配制成8~12%的水溶液得到溶液b备用；
B、将溶液a与溶液b混合均匀得到混合液c，在混合液c中依次加入配方配比的植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂、微肥和抗菌剂搅拌混合均匀得到目标物三七种子包衣剂。
本发明所述的三七种子包衣剂的应用为所述的三七种子包衣剂在制备三七种子包衣膜中的应用。
本发明所述的三七种子包衣剂的具体制备操作实施步骤如下：
称取适量水溶性成膜材料，用热水溶解，使其含量为5-10%；称取适量植物多糖配制成10%的水溶液，充分溶解后于5000 rpm离心10-15 min，去除沉淀，加水定容即得10%的多糖水溶液。将等体积的水溶性成膜材料与10%的植物多糖水溶液混合，在混合液中加入发芽促进剂、植物生长调节剂、微肥、农药等，混合均匀，即得到三七种子包衣剂。
本发明中的水溶性成膜材料具有良好的成膜性、耐水性、透气性、透水性等理化性能，可以有效减少三七种子表皮破损率，提高种子成活率和萌发率；本发明中的植物多糖为天然的高分子材料，能增强成膜材料的物理化学性能，降解后形成的寡聚糖能提供碳源，促进幼苗生长，使一年生幼苗的平均茎长增加，生长旺盛；本发明中的发芽促进剂和植物生长调节剂能促进种子发芽，促进幼苗根系发育，促进幼苗生长，增加幼苗成活率；本发明中的微肥，能提供三七种子萌发和幼苗生长必要的微量元素，促进幼苗生长；本发明中的农药能抑制病源菌生长，诱导幼苗的抗病能力，预防三七常见病，如：根腐病、菌核病、纹枯病、炭疽病、立枯病等病害的发生。
将经过储存和分选的三七种子进行消毒，浸于本发明的方法制备的三七种子包衣剂中，浸泡5-10min后取出，晾干，即可播种。
实施例1
羟丙甲纤维素（HPMC）60g溶解于水1000 ml中；罗望子多糖100 g溶解于1000 ml水中；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入2,4-D
2.5 g，赤霉素2.0 g，水杨酸0.14g，微肥2.5 g，10%可湿性多抗霉素2 g，菌核净2 g，充分搅拌，混合均匀，即得到三七包衣剂。
实施例2
羟丙甲纤维素（HPMC）30 g与羧甲基壳聚糖30 g溶解于1000 ml热水中，搅拌使其充分溶解；葛根多糖100g溶解于1000ml热水中，于5000rpm离心15min，去除沉淀，加水定容到1000ml；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入3-吲哚丁酸2.5 g，赤霉素2.0 g，萘乙酸0.15 g，微肥2.5g，10%可湿性多抗霉素2 g，菌核净2 g，充分搅拌，使其混合均匀，即得到三七种子包衣剂。
实施例3
50g羟丙甲纤维素（HPMC）与20g 聚乙烯醇1788溶解于水1000 ml中；三七多糖50 g和罗望子多糖50 g溶解于1000 ml水中；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入2,4-D
2.5 g，赤霉素2.0 g，萘乙酸0.15
g，微肥2.5 g，10%可湿性多抗霉素2 g，菌核净2 g，充分搅拌，混合均匀，即得到三七包衣剂。
实施例4
70g羟丙甲壳聚糖与20g 聚乙烯醇124溶解于水1000 ml中；三七多糖50 g和海藻多糖50 g溶解于1000 ml水中；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入克霉素3.0 g，3-吲哚丁酸3.0 g，水杨酸1.0 g，微肥4.0 g，新植霉素3 g，菌核净3 g，充分搅拌，混合均匀，即得到三七包衣剂。
实施例5
20g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与30g 卡波姆940溶解于水1000 ml中；葛根多糖60 g和海藻多糖60 g溶解于1000 ml水中；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入克霉素1.0 g，3-吲哚丁酸2.0 g，水杨酸1.0 g，微肥1.0 g，新植霉素1.0g，粉秀灵1.0g，充分搅拌，混合均匀，即得到三七包衣剂。
实施例6
60g聚乙烯醇1788与10g 卡波姆940溶解于水1000 ml中；葛根多糖30 g和三七多糖60 g溶解于1000 ml水中；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入克霉素2.0 g，3-吲哚丁酸2.0 g，水杨酸1.0 g，微肥3.0 g，新植霉素2.5g，粉秀灵1.0g，充分搅拌，混合均匀，即得到三七包衣剂。
实施例7
40g聚乙烯醇1788与40g 羧甲基壳聚糖溶解于水1000 ml中；葛根多糖50 g和罗望子多糖50 g溶解于1000 ml水中；将上述两种溶液混合均匀，加入2,4-D 1.5 g，3-吲哚丁酸1.0 g，水杨酸2.0 g，微肥2.0 g，甲霜灵3.5g，粉秀灵0.5g，充分搅拌，混合均匀，即得到三七包衣剂。
实施例8
以实施例1制备得到的三七种子包衣剂对1000粒三七种子进行包衣，与传统方法对照试验，结果如下：
从上述结果可以看出，采用实施例1制备得到的三七种子包衣剂，可以提高三七种子萌发率，促进幼苗生长，降低病菌感染和虫害侵蚀的风险，三七子秧生长良好，茎长比对照组平均长出4.8cm，长势明显优于对照组。
实施例9
分别以实施例2、实施例3、实施例4、实施例5、实施例6和实施例7制备得到的三七种子包衣剂进行试验，方法同时实施例8，结果均表明，本发明制备得到的三七种子包衣剂可以提高三七种子萌发率，促进幼苗生长，降低病菌感染和虫害侵蚀的风险，三七子秧生长良好，茎长比对照组平均长出4.5~6cm，长势明显优于对照组。
Claims (9)
1.一种三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的三七种子包衣剂包括原料重量份的成膜材料50~100份、植物多糖80~120份、植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂3~7份、微肥1~4份、抗菌剂2~6份制备得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的原料包括重量份的成膜材料50~70份、植物多糖90~110份、植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂4~6份、微肥2~3份、抗菌剂3~5份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的成膜材料为羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇1788、聚乙烯醇124、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30和卡波姆940中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的植物多糖为罗望子多糖、三七多糖、葛根多糖和海藻多糖中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的植物生长调节剂为3-吲哚丁酸、2,4-D、赤霉素、萘乙酸和水杨酸中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的微肥为螯合态微量元素肥料，微量元素包括铈、硼、铜、锌、钼和锰元素。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的三七种子包衣剂，其特征在于所述的抗菌剂为多抗霉素、菌核净、甲霜灵、粉秀灵和新植霉素中的一种或几种。
8.一种权利要求1~7任一所述的三七种子包衣剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括前处理、配制步骤，具体包括：
A、前处理：将配方配比的成膜材料用热水溶解使其含量为5~10%得到溶液a备用；同时将配方配比的发芽促进剂配制成8~12%的水溶液得到溶液b备用；
B、将溶液a与溶液b混合均匀得到混合液c，在混合液c中依次加入配方配比的植物发芽促进剂和生长调节剂、微肥和抗菌剂搅拌混合均匀得到目标物三七种子包衣剂。
9.一种权利要求1~7任一所述的三七种子包衣剂的应用，其特征在于所述的三七种子包衣剂在制备三七种子包衣膜中的应用。
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