CN105940041B - 制备纳米水凝胶的新聚合物平台 - Google Patents
制备纳米水凝胶的新聚合物平台 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105940041B CN105940041B CN201480073137.8A CN201480073137A CN105940041B CN 105940041 B CN105940041 B CN 105940041B CN 201480073137 A CN201480073137 A CN 201480073137A CN 105940041 B CN105940041 B CN 105940041B
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- hydrogel
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- riboflavin
- polysaccharide
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备纳米水凝胶的方法,其包括以下步骤:‑疏水功能化,其中用疏水化合物将多糖功能化;‑自组装,其中使得自前述步骤的功能化多糖在水环境中经受自组装过程以形成纳米水凝胶。疏水化合物为与烷基结合的核黄素或其衍生物,该烷基具有适于与多糖形成共价键的官能团。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及开发一种通过自组装制备纳米水凝胶的新聚合物平台。
术语纳米水凝胶表示尺寸为10至1000nm的特定类型的纳米颗粒,其能够结合水凝胶与纳米技术的优势,例如高灵活性、通用性、吸水性、高生物相容性和在生物体内的长停留时间。
背景技术
通常,已知如果暴露于水环境的特定条件下,由具有疏水特性的分子适当进行功能化的多糖(具有亲水特性)可产生具有纳米水凝胶特性的组装体系。
纳米水凝胶在医药领域获得越来越多的关注,因为它们可用作药物的载体化合物并且可通过吸入给药、肠胃外给药(i.v、i.m、s.c.)或者通过适当的器械和/或分散机构支持的局部给药给予人类和动物二者。
目前,已知不同方法用于制备功能化多糖从而制备纳米水凝胶,最著名的方法是用胆固醇或可拉酸的衍生物使聚合物链衍生化。在适当处理化合物之后,所述适当键合至多糖链的分子产生具有适当两亲性的体系,如允许在水和/或生理溶液中的自组装过程。
这些处理的第一步包括将功能化多糖进行超声处理。超声振动能够诱导小尺寸纳米水凝胶的形成。超声产生聚合物悬浮液微泡,微泡通过爆聚(imploding)产生空泡现象,空泡现象促进聚合物链分离,这有利于纳米颗粒悬浮液的形成。另一种方法包括在合适的溶剂中溶解功能化多糖并将所获得的溶液滴加至水中。在这些条件下,体系沉淀诱导纳米颗粒的形成。然而,另一种方法包括一旦所述多糖溶于有机溶剂,则立即将功能化多糖进行用水或水溶液的透析。通过透析管缓慢进水导致通过自发自组装形成小尺寸纳米水凝胶。
如上所述,纳米水凝胶的可能应用之一为用于肠胃外给药的药物制剂。纳米水凝胶可包结药理学活性成分并充当其给药的载体。
在该上下文中,除了为全身给药进行杀菌而不导致药物损失的可能性之外,聚合物衍生物产生具有令人满意的产率的纳米水凝胶的能力、所述纳米水凝胶在保存条件下以及在水和生理体液中的稳定性,以及生物活性分子负载工艺的产率,是必需的要求。
目前,还由于纯化后获得的低产率和可获得的低程度载药量,文献中提供的纳米水凝胶体系不适合工业使用。由于纳米水凝胶体系的高含水量,实际上,通过超速离心进行分离和浓缩通常是不够的或者在任何情况下都导致低的产率。此外,纳米水凝胶内疏水域的性质对于高载药量通常是不足的。
因此,就纳米水凝胶的形成、药物负载和在生理学条件和保存条件下形成的纳米水凝胶的稳定性而言,亟需更有效的聚合物平台。
应对上述需求,本专利申请的发明人发现了用于制备纳米水凝胶的多糖的两亲性衍生物的非常通用的方法。
本发明的公开内容
本发明的主题是制备纳米水凝胶的方法,其包括以下步骤:
-疏水功能化,其中用疏水化合物将多糖功能化;
-自组装,其中使得自前述步骤的功能化多糖在水环境中进行自组装过程,以形成纳米水凝胶;
所述方法的特征在于,所述疏水化合物为与烷基结合的核黄素或其衍生物,所述烷基具有适于与多糖形成共价键的官能团。
优选地,核黄素衍生物为通过核黄素的羟基反应而获得的酯或聚氨酯衍生物。
优选地,核黄素衍生物为四丁基核黄素或四乙酰基核黄素。
优选地,烷基为包含2至20个原子的直链并且所述官能团适于与核黄素上具有的–OH或-NH基团反应,形成酯键、酰胺键、醚键或聚氨酯键。
优选地,烷基为包含3至8个碳原子的直链。
优选地,使用的多糖可具有聚阴离子性质、聚阳离子性质或中性性质和2,000至1,500,000的分子量;并且其与核黄素或者核黄素衍生物形成酯键、酰胺键、醚键或烷基键,衍生化百分比为2至100%mol/mol。
优选地,多糖包括在由透明质酸、支链淀粉、葡聚糖、结冷胶(gellan)、硬葡聚糖、壳聚糖、藻酸盐、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、壳聚糖、环糊精组成的组中。
本发明的再一个主题是使用本发明的方法主题制备的纳米水凝胶颗粒。
本发明的再一个主题是用本发明的方法主题制备的并且负载有药理学活性化合物的纳米水凝胶颗粒。
药理学活性化合物可物理负载在纳米凝胶中或者化学结合至其表面和/或内部。
将物理负载的药理学活性化合物在加热或超声处理工艺之前添加至多糖衍生物的水分散体;或者在纳米沉淀之前,将其溶于溶解多糖衍生物的有机相中,或者将其溶于其中发生纳米沉淀的水相中。其他方法如以下所示:通过蒸发溶剂获得药物膜的形成;然后,将所述膜与纳米水凝胶悬浮液接触以诱导活性成分在纳米体系内的负载。
优选地,所述药理学活性化合物以0.05mg/ml至20.0mg/ml的浓度添加至多糖的水分散体。
优选地,所述药理学活性化合物以0.05mg/ml至20.0mg/ml的浓度溶于其中溶解多糖衍生物的有机相中。
优选地,所述药理学活性化合物以0.05mg/ml至20.0mg/ml的浓度溶于其中多糖衍生物进行纳米沉淀的水相中。
优选地,为了形成膜,所述药理学活性化合物以0.05mg/ml至20.0mg/ml的浓度溶于合适的挥发性有机溶剂中。
将化学结合的药理学活性化合物添加至纳米凝胶悬浮液并且通过合适的试剂使其经由所存在的官能团与聚合物衍生物进行反应。优选地,利用化学反应,例如碳二亚胺的化学,通过酯或酰胺键将药理学活性化合物经由间隔臂(spacer arm)结合至纳米凝胶表面。
优选地,所述药理学活性化合物包括在由以下物质组成的组中:抗生素、抗肿瘤药物、镇痛药、消炎药、麻醉药、兴奋剂、肾上腺素能药物(adrenergic agent)、肾上腺素能阻断剂、抗胆碱能药物、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂、抗惊厥药、促肾上腺皮质、肾上腺素能解药、抑肾上腺素药、烷化剂、生物碱、变构抑制剂、促蛋白合成类固醇、食欲抑制剂、抗酸药、解毒药、止泻药、抗叶酸药、退热药、抗风湿药、心理治疗药、神经阻断剂、止吐药、驱虫药、抗心律不齐药、抗结核药、抗凝血药、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病药、抗癫痫药、抗真菌药、抗组胺药、降压药、抗毒蕈碱药、抗分支杆菌药、抗疟疾药、防腐剂、抗原虫药、免疫抑制剂、免疫刺激剂、抗甲状腺药、抗病毒药、抗焦虑药、镇静药、收敛药、β阻滞药、造影剂、皮质类固醇、止咳药、诊断剂、诊断显影剂、利尿药、多巴胺能药、止血药、血液学试剂、血红蛋白调节剂、激素、催眠药、血脂调节药(hypolipidemizing agents)、脂质调节药、毒蕈碱、抑副交感神经药、肌肉松弛剂、前列腺素、镇静药、性激素、抗过敏药、兴奋剂、拟交感神经药、甲状腺剂、血管舒张药、疫苗、维生素、黄嘌呤、抗肿瘤药、蛋白质、多肽、碳水化合物、多核苷酸、核酸、多克隆或单克隆抗体。
实施本发明的最佳方式
实施例
为了更好地理解本发明,下面提供实施方案实施例以用于例示本发明的非限制性目的。
在下列实施例中,使用动态光散射技术(亚微米粒度分析仪Autodilute Model370,Nicomp)检测纳米水凝胶颗粒的尺寸。
在本发明中,可如下实施自组装步骤:
-通过产物的水分散体和加热步骤进行,其中使多糖的水分散体经受70至150℃的温度和1至5巴的压力。温度和压力条件必须使得多糖水分散体不发生沸腾;
-通过产物的水分散体并且通过超声浴暴露于超声2min至3小时的时间进行。在该情况下,经由超声浴的超声暴露优选地在20-40kHz的频率下进行5至90min的时间;
-通过在合适的有机溶剂中溶解产物并且随后在水或水溶剂中纳米沉淀,接着透析以去除有机相来进行。
实施例1:由30%mol/mol的衍生化聚合物形成透明质酸-核黄素(HA-Rfv)纳米水
凝胶
用四丁基核黄素的疏水单元将透明质酸适当功能化,以获得大分子附聚物形式的两亲性聚合物(透明质酸-核黄素,HA-Rfv)。
将500mg的四丁基核黄素溶于4.5mL的无水二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);添加158mg的无水碳酸钾并在氮气环境中将分散体搅拌45分钟。平行地,制备0.470mL的1.6-二溴己烷的2.5mL的DMF溶液并将该溶液滴加至分散体,然后将其搅拌5小时。结束时,将20mL的二氯甲烷添加至反应混合物并使用相同体积的水将溶液在分液漏斗中萃取3次;然后,将有机相分离并用无水硫酸钠脱水,通过旋转蒸发仪蒸发至干燥。通过色谱柱(SiO2,二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯75:25)纯化产物N-(6-溴己基)-四丁基核黄素。
在环境温度下将100mg的四丁基铵盐形式的透明质酸(HA)溶于10mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);将37.4mg的N-(6-溴己基)-四丁基核黄素溶于1mL的NMP并将溶液添加至聚合物,在环境温度下搅拌48小时。然后,将反应物透析(截止12000-14000)并冻干,获得120mg的黄色亲液物(lyophile)形式的衍生物(HA-Rfv)。聚合物的衍生化程度等于30%mol/mol(由分光光度仪测定的基于HA的重复单元的摩尔数,Rfv的摩尔数)。
将3mg的产物分散于3ml的水中并在盘子上将溶液搅拌12小时。将衍生自水溶液的分散体放置在封闭玻璃容器内,封闭玻璃容器放置在高压釜中。在高压釜中,使分散体经受121℃的温度和2巴的压力并持续20分钟。在处理结束时,获得尺寸为330±15nm的HA-Rfv的纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.15±0.05。
在37℃下,研究HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶的尺寸稳定性15天,以模拟生理条件;并将其在4℃下研究15天,以模拟产物在冰箱中的保存条件。证明在高T和高P下形成的HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶在高和低的保存温度下是稳定的。
还在环境温度下的0.9%w/V的NaCl水溶液中研究HA-Rfv的纳米水凝胶的尺寸稳定性,结果表明在这些条件下,体系稳定一周以上。
实施例2:支链淀粉-核黄素(Pul-Rfv)纳米水凝胶的形成
用四丁基核黄素疏水单元将支链淀粉适当功能化,以获得大分子附聚物形式的两亲性聚合物(支链淀粉-核黄素,Pul-Rfv)。
在环境温度下,将100mg的支链淀粉(Pul)溶于2mL的无水二甲基亚砜(DMSO);然后,将20mg的二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)添加至溶液。将40mg的根据实施例1的描述制备的N-(6-溴己基)-四丁基核黄素溶于0.5mL的NMP并将溶液添加至聚合物溶液,在环境温度下搅拌48小时。然后,将反应物透析(截止12000-14000)并冻干,获得110mg的黄色亲液物形式的衍生物(Pul-Rfv)。聚合物的衍生化程度为8%mol/mol(基于Pul的重复单元的摩尔数的Rfv的摩尔数)。
将5mg的两亲性聚合物(Pul-Rfv)分散于3ml的水中并在盘子上将获得的溶液搅拌12小时。将获得的分散体放置在合适的封闭玻璃容器内,封闭玻璃容器放置在超声浴中并进行20min的超声。
在处理结束时,获得尺寸为220±20nm的Pul-Rfv纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.20±0.05。
研究Pul-Rfv的纳米水凝胶在4℃下7天的稳定性,以模拟产物在冰箱中的保存条件。通过超声处理形成的Pul-Rfv的纳米水凝胶,证明在低保存温度下稳定7天以上。还研究在环境温度下的0.9%w/V的NaCl水溶液中Pul-Rfv纳米水凝胶的尺寸稳定性,结果表明在这些条件下体系稳定大于72小时。
实施例3:由20%mol/mol的衍生化聚合物形成透明质酸-核黄素(HA-Rfv)酸纳米
水凝胶
用四乙酰基核黄素的疏水单元将透明质酸适当功能化,以获得大分子附聚物形式的两亲性聚合物(透明质酸-核黄素,HA-Rfv)。
将500mg的四乙酰基核黄素溶于4.5mL的无水二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);添加126mg的无水碳酸钾并在氮气环境中将分散体搅拌45分钟。平行地,制备0.350mL的1.4-二溴丁烷在2.5mL的DMF中的溶液并将该溶液滴加至分散体,然后将其搅拌5小时。在结束时,将20mL的二氯甲烷添加至反应混合物并使用相同体积的水在分液漏斗中将溶液萃取3次;然后,将有机相分离并用无水硫酸钠脱水,通过旋转蒸发仪蒸发至干燥。通过色谱柱(SiO2,二氯甲烷:乙酸乙酯75:25)纯化产物N-(4-溴丁基)-四乙酰基核黄素。
在环境温度下,将50mg的透明质酸(HA)溶于5mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);将12.5mg的N-(4-溴丁基)-四乙酰基核黄素溶于0.5mL的NMP并将溶液添加至聚合物溶液,在环境温度下搅拌48小时。然后,将反应物透析(截止12000-14000)并冻干,获得65mg的黄色亲液物形式的衍生物(HA-Rfv)。聚合物的衍生化程度为20%mol/mol(基于HA的重复单元的摩尔数的Rfv的摩尔数)。
将3mg的产物分散在3ml的水中并在盘子上将所得溶液搅拌12小时。将衍生自水溶液的分散体放置在封闭玻璃容器内,封闭玻璃容器内放置在超声浴中并使其进行25min的超声。
在处理结束时,获得尺寸为250±20nm的HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.10±0.05。纳米水凝胶的ζ电位为-30±5.0mV。
研究HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶在37℃下7天的尺寸稳定性,并研究在4℃下30天的稳定性,结果显示NH悬浮液的稳定性。还研究在37℃下,在添加10%胎牛血清的RPMI细胞培养基中的HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶的尺寸稳定性,结果显示体系稳定达48小时。
实施例4:结冷胶-核黄素(Ge-Rfv)纳米水凝胶的形成
用四丁基核黄素的疏水单元将结冷胶适当功能化,以获得大分子附聚物形式的两亲性聚合物(结冷胶-核黄素,Ge-Rfv)。
在环境温度下,将50mg的四丁基铵盐形式的结冷胶(Ge)溶于15mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);将根据实施例3的描述制备的11mg的N-(4-溴丁基)-四乙酰基核黄素溶于0.5mL的NMP并将溶液添加至聚合物溶液,在38℃下使其搅拌48小时。然后,将反应物透析(截止12000-14000)并冻干,获得60mg的黄色亲液物形式的衍生物(Ge-Rfv)。聚合物的衍生化程度为10%mol/mol(基于Ge的重复单元的摩尔数的Rfv的摩尔数)。
将1.5mg的两亲性聚合物(Ge-Rfv)分散在3ml的水中并在盘子上将产生的溶液搅拌12小时。将获得的分散体放置在封闭玻璃容器内,封闭玻璃容器内放置在高压釜中。在高压釜中,使分散体经受130℃的温度和2.5巴的压力并持续15分钟。在处理结束时,获得尺寸为350±20nm的Ge-Rfv纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.25±0.10。
实施例5:结冷胶-核黄素(Ge-Rfv)纳米水凝胶的形成和通过铸膜法负载抗肿瘤药
物紫杉醇
将大分子附聚物形式的两亲性聚合物Ge-Rfv分散在水溶液(0.5mg/ml)中并将其在环境温度下在盘子上搅拌12小时。将获得的分散体放置在封闭玻璃容器内,封闭玻璃容器放置在高压釜中。在高压釜中,使分散体经受130℃的温度和2.5巴的压力并持续15分钟。在处理结束时,获得尺寸为350±20nm的Ge-Rfv纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.25±0.10。
平行地,在烧瓶中,将250mg的紫杉醇溶于0.5mL的甲醇中并通过旋转蒸发仪将溶剂蒸发,形成药物的干膜。然后,将Ge-Rfv NH分散体添加至含有紫杉醇膜的烧瓶并用温和的磁力搅拌20小时。随后,将悬浮液离心(2000rpm,时间为10min)以沉淀未负载的紫杉醇;通过未封装在纳米水凝胶中并再溶于甲醇中的紫杉醇和所使用的紫杉醇的总量的差别相对于纳米水凝胶的总量(通过HPLC分析得到)确定包封效力(封装%)。相对于聚合物的重量,Ge-Rfv纳米水凝胶中紫杉醇的包封效力为9%。
实施例6:透明质酸-核黄素(HA-Rfv)纳米水凝胶的形成和通过高压釜负载抗生素
左氧氟沙星以及与HA-胆固醇体系的比较
将根据实施例1的描述制备的大分子附聚物形式的两亲性聚合物HA-Rfv(衍生化程度30%mol/mol)分散在水溶液(1ml,1mg/ml)中并在环境温度下将其在盘子上搅拌12小时。然后,将1ml的0.66mg/ml的氟喹喏酮抗生素(左氧氟沙星)溶液添加至分散体,从而获得0.33mg/ml的最终抗生素浓度。将由此获得的混合物放置在布置于高压釜内部的合适封闭玻璃容器中。在高压釜中,使分散体经受121℃的温度和2巴的压力并持续20分钟。
在工艺结束时,将分散体用蒸馏水透析(透析管(Visking tubing),截止:12000-14000)3小时以纯化在其内部的未封装的药物的纳米水凝胶。
在透析之后,获得尺寸为330±30nm的负载左氧氟沙星的HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.20±0.05。
为了从20%mol/mol的衍生化聚合物制备HA-胆固醇(HA-CH)NH,按照了文献中报道的步骤(E.Montanari,S.Capece,C.Di Meo,M.Meringolo,T.Coviello,E.Agostinelli,P.Matricardi,Macromolecular Bioscience,2013;13,1185-1194)。简言之,将500mg的胆固醇溶于5mL的二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2),然后添加79mg的二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)。单独地,将648mg的4-溴丁酸连同744mg的N(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N’-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl)溶于5mL的CH2Cl2。将溶液混合并使反应在环境温度下进行12小时。然后,通过用0.05M的NaOH、0.05M的HCl和H2O萃取来纯化溶液,用无水NaSO4干燥有机溶剂并通过旋转蒸发仪真空蒸发。然后,通过色谱柱(SiO2,洗脱液环己烷:乙酸乙酯99:1)纯化反应产物,获得约500mg的胆固醇-溴丁酸酯(HA-Br)。
在环境温度下,将200mg的四丁基铵盐形式的的透明质酸(HA)溶于10mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);将34.3mg的CH-Br溶于2mL的NMP并将溶液添加至聚合物,在38℃下使其搅拌48小时。然后,将反应物透析(截止12000-14000)并冻干,获得190g的白色亲液物形式的衍生物(HA-CH)。聚合物的衍生化程度为20%mol/mol(基于HA重复单元的摩尔数的CH摩尔数,通过1H-NMR测定)。
将1mg的产物分散在1ml的水中并使其在盘子上搅拌12小时。然后,将1ml的0.66mg/ml的氟喹喏酮抗生素(左氧氟沙星)溶液添加至分散体,从而获得0.33mg/ml的最终抗生素浓度。将由此获得的混合物放置在布置于高压釜内部的合适封闭玻璃容器中。在高压釜中,使分散体经受121℃的温度和2巴的压力并持续20分钟。
在工艺结束时,将分散体用蒸馏水透析(透析管(Visking tubing),截止:12000-14000)3小时以纯化在其内部的未封装的药物的纳米水凝胶。
在透析之后,获得尺寸为150±20nm的负载左氧氟沙星的HA-CH纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.20±0.05。
为了评价HA-Rfv和HA-CH纳米水凝胶中药物的包封效力,将其冻干并溶于N-甲基-吡咯烷酮中,以破坏纳米水凝胶并释放包埋在其内部的左氧氟沙星。包封效力(封装%)为封装在纳米水凝胶中的左氧氟沙星的量与所制备的纳米水凝胶的总量的比值,通过分光光度仪测定。
HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶中左氧氟沙星的包封效力相对于聚合物的重量为15%;而其在HA-CH NH中相对于聚合物的重量为5%。
实施例7:通过超速离心的HA-Rfv NH(来自90%mol/mol的衍生化聚合物)的纯化
试验和与HA-胆固醇体系的比较
为了制备来自90%mol/mol的衍生化聚合物的HA-Rfv NH,在环境温度下,将100mg的四丁基铵(HA)盐形式的透明质酸溶于10mL的N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP);将120mg的N-(6-溴己基)-四丁基核黄素溶于1mL的NMP并将溶液添加至聚合物,在环境温度下使其搅拌48小时。然后,将反应物透析(截止12000-14000)并冻干,获得140g的黄色亲液物形式的衍生物(HA-Rfv)。聚合物的衍生化程度为90%mol/mol(基于HA重复单元的摩尔数的Rfv摩尔数,通过分光光度仪测定)。
将3mg的产物分散在3ml的水中并使其在盘子上搅拌12小时。将来源于水溶液的分散体放置在布置于高压釜内的封闭玻璃容器中。在高压釜中,使分散体经受121℃的温度和2巴的压力并持续20分钟。在处理结束时,获得尺寸为350±15nm的HA-Rfv纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.20±0.05。
从20%mol/mol的衍生化聚合物(如实施例6所述从HA和CH-Br制备)制备HA-CHNH,随后,将3mg的聚合物HA-CH分散在3ml的水中并在盘子中将产生的溶液搅拌12小时。将衍生自水溶液的分散体放置在布置于超声浴中的封闭玻璃容器内并使其进行25min的超声。在处理结束时,获得尺寸为120±20nm的HA-CH纳米水凝胶,多分散指数为0.25±0.05。
将上述获得的两种NH分散体(HA-Rfv和HA-CH)进行超速离心(在4℃下,40,000rpm3h)。在工艺结束时,取出两者的上清液,在液氮中冷冻并冻干以测定NH中未组装并且因此未沉淀的聚合物的量。将冻干的上清液称重,获得0.9mg的HA-Rfv产物和2.1mg的HA-CH产物。确定的是,对于所使用的聚合物,HA-Rfv体系具有70%w/w的NH形成产率,而HA-CH具有30%w/w的NH形成产率。
实施例8:化学结合至酶HRP(辣根过氧化物酶)的HA-Rfv NH(来自30%mol/mol的
衍生化聚合物)的制备
根据实施例1的描述制备HA-Rfv NH(1mg/mL,5mL)的悬浮液。将250μL的EDC·HCl(1-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐)的2.9mg/mL的水溶液、250μL的NHS(N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)的水溶液和1.5mL的在磷酸盐缓冲液(1mg/mL)中的HRP溶液添加至悬浮液并在避光下使反应在4℃下进行40小时。结束时,通过超速离心(40000rpm,3小时,4℃)纯化NH-HRP产物;将包含NH-HRP的小球再悬浮于5mL的水中并保持在4℃,同时通过UV-Vis分光光度仪或HPLC分析上清液以定量未结合至纳米凝胶的蛋白质的量。分析结果显示,相对于纳米凝胶的干重,化学结合至纳米凝胶的蛋白质的量为10%w/w,或者相对于使用的蛋白质的初始量,化学结合至纳米凝胶的蛋白质的量为20%w/w。
从上述实施例的描述可明显看出,本发明具有提供非常通用和具备创新性的平台的巨大优势,该平台用于制备适用于药物递送的基于多糖的纳米水凝胶。
本发明的纳米水凝胶主题衍生自由核黄素或其衍生物合成的两亲性多糖基质。所述纳米水凝胶可通过不同技术同时封装或吸附大量的活性成分。
应该强调,本发明的方法主题允许:制备来自具有不同负载量和分子量的不同多糖的纳米水凝胶,使用核黄素衍生物作为疏水剂,其以不同程度结合至聚合物链并诱导体系在水环境中的自组装。此外,根据最终产物的需求和应用,可通过诸如超声处理、纳米沉淀或高压灭菌的不同步骤实施开始于上述聚合物的所述方法。由此获得的纳米水凝胶在水中以及在生理学条件下是稳定的,这与目前使用的许多纳米水凝胶不同。
此外,可使由此形成的纳米凝胶进行高压灭菌以使它们无菌。
此外,可通过诸如聚合物/药物共沉淀、从膜负载预成型的药物、负载在高压釜中的不同技术来使根据上述方法制备的纳米凝胶负载药物,其显示优于目前制备的纳米水凝胶的包封能力。
最后,应该强调,本发明的方法并不仅仅涉及生物化学和/或药学应用,而且可有效地应用于需要使用多糖纳米水凝胶的所有那些应用,例如还可应用于化妆品、整容手术和食品领域中。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-疏水功能化,在该过程中用疏水化合物将多糖功能化;
-自组装,在该过程中使得自上述步骤的功能化多糖在水环境中经受自组装过程,以形成纳米水凝胶;
所述方法的特征在于,所述疏水化合物为结合至烷基的核黄素或其衍生物,所述烷基具有适于与所述多糖形成共价键的官能团。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,特征在于,所述核黄素衍生物为通过所述核黄素的羟基反应而获得的酯或聚氨酯衍生物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,特征在于,所述核黄素衍生物为四丁基核黄素或四乙酰基核黄素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,特征在于,所述烷基为包含2至20个原子的直链;并且所述官能团适于与所述核黄素上具有的-OH或-NH-基团反应,从而形成酯键、酰胺键、醚键或聚氨酯键。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,特征在于,所述烷基为包含3至8个碳原子的直链。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,特征在于,所使用的所述多糖能够具有聚阴离子性质、聚阳离子性质或中性性质,具有2,000至1,500,000的分子量并且与所述核黄素或所述核黄素衍生物一起形成酯键、酰胺键、醚键或烷基键,衍生化百分比为2至100%mol/mol。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于制备纳米水凝胶的方法,特征在于,所述多糖包括在由透明质酸、支链淀粉、葡聚糖、结冷胶、硬葡聚糖、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、环糊精组成的组中。
8.纳米水凝胶颗粒,其通过前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法来制备。
9.根据权利要求8所述的纳米水凝胶颗粒,特征在于,所述纳米水凝胶颗粒用药理学活性化合物化学或物理负载。
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EP (1) | EP3068822B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN105940041B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2014349684B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2945721A1 (zh) |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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"pH-sensitive sodium alginate hydrogels for riboflavin controlled release";M.A.Abd El-Ghaffar et al.;《Carbohydrate Polymers》;20120403;第89卷;第667-675页 * |
"大豆蛋白/κ-卡拉胶冷致凝胶的制备及控释特性";杨晓泉等;《华南理工大学学报(自然科学版)》;20111231;第39卷(第12期);第115-120页 * |
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WO2015071873A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
ITRM20130631A1 (it) | 2015-05-16 |
AU2014349684B2 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
US10059811B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
EP3068822A1 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
EP3068822B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
AU2014349684A1 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
CA2945721A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
CN105940041A (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
US20160289394A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
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