CN105937415A - Supercritical carbon dioxide turbine device capable of adapting to large-range back pressure and flow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine device capable of adapting to large-range back pressure and flow. A guiding volute inlet is provided with a flow testing and through-flow control system. High-temperature and high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide working media pass through a guiding volute and then enter a nozzle ring to expand. The large head arc blade profile insensitive to the attack angle is adopted in the nozzle blade molded line, a device capable of adjusting the through-flow area is additionally arranged, the oblique angle of nozzle blades is adaptively adjusted through electric signals of a flow sensor, the through-flow area is changed, and therefore the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine device can adapt to the large-range flow work condition. When the working media enter an impeller, the internal energy and kinetic energy of the working media are converted into mechanical work to be output. An impeller outlet is provided with a back pressure testing and pressure expander control system. A variable geometric parameter self-adaption back pressure expander is adjusted through electric signals of a back pressure sensor, accordingly, the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine device adapts to large-range back pressure, and the turbine running efficiency is improved. The supercritical carbon dioxide turbine device has the beneficial effects that the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine device can adapt to the large-range back pressure and flow work conditions, the pneumatic efficiency is high, the self adaptability is high, the running cost is obviously reduced, and wide market prospects are achieved.

Description

A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale

Technical field:

The present invention relates to radial-inward-flow turbine device, be specifically related to a kind of be suitable for back pressure and the super of flow on a large scale and face Boundary's carbon dioxide turbine installation.

Background technology:

In turbine installation, variable working condition (flow and economy) can bring the reduction of operating turbine efficiency, Possibly even cause safety hazards.At present, have begun to both at home and abroad research and development be applicable to miniature gas turbine to The ellipse major part circular arc molded line of heart turbine nozzle leading edge, compares benchmark blade profile, and major part circular arc profile is to the angle of attack Insensitive, under big positive negative angle of attack, all can reduce flow separation, keep higher efficiency.Simultaneously by adjustable logical Flow area device is applied in radial-inward-flow turbine can change nozzle flow area in real time according to flow rate working conditions, not only Avoid the windage loss etc. that partial-air admission causes, further improve through-flow adaptability, contribute to carrying The economic benefit of high operating turbine, has wide market prospect.

Using flow rate test and through-flow control system can monitor turbine flow in real time, the moment is grasped thoroughly Flat running status, the data on flows recorded by flow transducer is converted to the signal of telecommunication and is used for realizing operating turbine Automatization is study hotspot in recent years.Guide spiral case inlet at radial-inward-flow turbine and arrange flow transducer, sensing The signal of telecommunication of device transmits to data collecting card, data collecting card access in computer flow control equipment Row analyzing and processing, the control command that computer is passed on realizes adjustable flow area device via drive circuit Control.The Automatic adjusument that nozzle angle is carried out by adjustable flow area device can be when flow variable working condition Respond rapidly to, it is achieved Automated condtrol.

Diffuser is widely used in radial-inward-flow turbine impeller outlet, can reduce impeller outlet pressure, increases turbine Output work, designs good diffuser and can also reduce the friction in discharge duct of the impeller outlet high-velocity fluid Loss.Radial-inward-flow turbine impeller outlet arranges back pressure test and diffuser control system, by the electricity of back pressure sensor Signal transmits to data collecting card, data collecting card access in computer back pressure adjusting device and be analyzed Processing, the control command that computer is passed on completes the control to hinging rotary device via drive circuit, the most right The geometry of variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser is modified.This scheme had both been adapted to greatly Scope back pressure, it is ensured that the turbine stable operation under back pressure variable working condition, and be conducive to improving the operation of radial-inward-flow turbine Efficiency.

Summary of the invention:

Present invention aims to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that one with supercritical carbon dioxide is Working medium, the power supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale less than 500kW. The present invention is capable of the automatic of supercritical carbon dioxide radial-inward-flow turbine under back pressure and flow varying duty on a large scale Safe and highly efficient operation, has broad application prospects.

For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that and realizes:

A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale, including guide spiral case, Flow rate test and through-flow control system, nozzle ring, impeller and back pressure are tested and diffuser control system；Wherein, Guiding scroll outer and be provided with supercritical carbon dioxide working medium air intake duct, supercritical carbon dioxide working medium is through guiding Flow rate test and through-flow control system tailing edge volute outlet inner circle at spiral case inlet enter nozzle ring runner, Expanding in nozzle ring runner, supercritical carbon dioxide working medium pressure after nozzle ring runner reduces, speed Degree increases, and enters in the impeller of high speed rotating, promotes impeller blade acting, supercritical in movable vane runner The interior energy of carbon dioxide working medium and kinetic energy are converted into the mechanical power of impeller and export axle head, and impeller outlet is provided with the back of the body Pressure test and diffuser control system, supercritical carbon dioxide working medium pressure after diffuser increases, flow velocity Reduce, reenter supercharging in centrifugal compressor along device gas off-take, reach supercritical carbon dioxide centripetal Again enter in turbine and do work by guiding spiral case during pressure needed for leveling device import, so circulate；Wherein, Flow rate test and through-flow control system are for carrying out Automatic adjusument to nozzle angle.

The present invention is further improved by: nozzle ring uses the major part circular arc profile of ellipse leading edge and adjustable Flow area nozzle ring.

The present invention is further improved by: impeller uses radial-inward-flow turbine impeller.

The present invention is further improved by: flow rate test and through-flow control system include flow transducer, number According to capture card, computer flow analysis adjusting device, drive circuit and adjustable flow area device；Wherein, During work, working medium is through guiding the flow transducer at spiral case inlet, and flow transducer records supercritical dioxy Change the flow value of carbon working medium and be converted to signal of telecommunication transmission in data collecting card, data collecting card accessing meter Being analyzed in calculation machine flow control equipment processing, flow signal can be converted into the nozzle of correspondence by this equipment Inclination angle regulation angle, is passed on control command to realize filling adjustable flow area via drive circuit by computer The control put, completes Automatic adjusument.

The present invention is further improved by: according to geometry and the relation of flow working medium of jet expansion, Flow is as follows with the corresponding relation of cut-out governing angle:

$\sin \mathrm{\α}=\frac{\stackrel{\·}{m}}{{\mathrm{\πD}}_N{\mathrm{\τ}}_N{\mathrm{\ρ}}_N{C}_N{l}_N}$

Wherein,For mass flow, α is gas flow angle at nozzle outlet, D_NFor nozzle outlet diameter, τ_NFor spray Mouth outlet subtracts narrow coefficient, ρ_NFor jet expansion working medium density, C_NFor jet expansion working medium speed, l_NFor nozzle Ye Gao, computer this equipment of flow analysis adjusting device can be by flow signalThe nozzle being converted into correspondence inclines Bevel angle adjustment angle [alpha], thus change supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flow area in nozzle flow channel, complete Automatic adjusument.

The present invention is further improved by: back pressure test and diffuser control system include back pressure sensor, Data collecting card, computer back pressure analyze adjusting device, drive circuit and hinging rotary device；Wherein, the back of the body The signal of telecommunication of pressure sensor transmits to data collecting card, data collecting card access the regulation and control of computer back pressure and set Being analyzed in Bei processing, back pressure signal can be converted into the hinging rotary regulation angle of correspondence by this equipment, Control command is passed on to realize variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser via drive circuit by computer Geometry is modified, to adapt to back pressure operating mode on a large scale.

The present invention is further improved by: according to Bernoulli equation and diffuser geometry, economy As follows with the corresponding relation of diffuser cross sectional shape:

$p_b-p_{out}=\frac{1}{2}{{\mathrm{K\ρV}}_{out}}^2(1-\frac{{\mathrm{\π}}^2{r_{out}}^4}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2{r_b}^4})$

$tan\mathrm{\β}=\frac{r_b-r_{out}}{l}$

Wherein, p_bFor diffuser exit back pressure, p_outFor impeller outlet pressure, V_outFor impeller outlet working medium speed Degree, ρ is the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium average density of impeller outlet and diffuser exit, r_b、r_outIt is respectively Diffuser exit and the radius in impeller outlet cross section, l is diffuser axial length, and β is diffuser baffle plate and axle To angle, due to viscosity and compressible impact in actual flow, by experiment measure adjusted coefficient K adjust Joint precision improves, and computer back pressure analyzes adjusting device can be by back pressure signal p_bChange be converted into expansion Depressor exit radius r_bChange, thus obtain correspondence hinging rotary regulation angle beta, by computer pass on control System order realizes repairing the geometry of variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser via drive circuit Just, to adapt to back pressure operating mode on a large scale.

Compared with prior art, the present invention has a following beneficial effect:

The present invention successfully integrates the advantage of prior art, and each parts of radial-inward-flow turbine have been carried out reformed AHP, Propose a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale.Nozzle vane is adopted By the major part circular arc profile of ellipse leading edge and add adjustable flow area device, major part circular arc profile is attacked against each other The change at angle is insensitive, therefore all can reduce supercritical carbon dioxide working medium and nozzle leaf under big positive negative angle of attack The flow separation of sheet, keeps higher flow efficiency.It is disposed with flow transducer at spiral case inlet guiding, Changes in flow rate in monitoring radial-inward-flow turbine work process in real time, and the signal of telecommunication of flow transducer is passed through data Being analyzed processing in capture card input computer flow control equipment, the consequential signal of generation is by driving electricity Road carries out Automatic adjusument to the nozzle angle of adjustable flow area device, changes flow area, it is achieved right The adaptation of wide range of traffic operating mode.Therefore, it is not necessary to use complicated partial-air admission variable working condition regulative mode, dress Put simple and compact for structure and eliminate partial-air admission loss, further increasing overall efficiency.Supercritical dioxy Changing the outlet of carbon radial-inward-flow turbine device and be disposed with back pressure test and diffuser control system, in test system, back pressure passes The signal of telecommunication of sensor is again by data collecting card input computer back pressure adjusting device, and consequential signal inputs Drive circuit, regulates and controls hinging rotary device, revises variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser Geometry, it is achieved back pressure self adaptation on a large scale.This system can reduce impeller outlet pressure, increases turbine Output work, it is also possible to reduce the friction loss in discharge duct of the impeller outlet high-velocity fluid, uses this certainly Adapting to back pressure diffuser can be when outlet back pressure changes, it is ensured that impeller outlet pressure is constant, it is ensured that on a large scale Stable operation under back pressure.

Therefore, it is high that the present invention has pneumatic efficiency, simple in construction, and automaticity is high, and operating cost is low Advantage, this radial-inward-flow turbine device can adapt to back pressure and flow rate working conditions on a large scale, it is achieved automatic operating, uses In with supercritical carbon dioxide as working medium, power less than 500kW small power circulation in, have the widest Wealthy market prospect.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 is a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale of the present invention Core component figure.

Fig. 2 is a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale of the present invention Adjustable flow area spray nozzle device enlarged drawing.

Fig. 3 is a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation leaf being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale of the present invention Wheel meridian section and back pressure test and diffuser control system figure.

In Fig. 1,1-guides spiral case, 2-flow rate test and through-flow control system, 3-nozzle ring, 4-impeller；Figure In 3, the test of 5-back pressure and diffuser control system.

Detailed description of the invention:

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the present invention is a kind of, and to be suitable for the supercritical carbon dioxide of back pressure and flow on a large scale saturating Leveling device, including inlet guide spiral case 1, flow rate test and through-flow control system 2, nozzle ring 3, impeller 4 And back pressure test and diffuser control system 5.Wherein, guide spiral case 1 import department and be provided with supercritical titanium dioxide Carbon working medium air intake duct, during plant running, working medium is through guiding the flow transducer at spiral case inlet, and flow passes Sensor records the flow value of supercritical carbon dioxide working medium and is converted to signal of telecommunication transmission in data collecting card, Being accessed by data collecting card and be analyzed in computer flow control equipment processing, flow can be believed by this equipment Number it is converted into the nozzle angle regulation angle of correspondence, computer passes on control command real via drive circuit Now the control to adjustable flow area device, completes Automatic adjusument.Supercritical carbon dioxide working medium is along spiral case Outlet inner circle enters in nozzle ring 3, and the nozzle vane in nozzle ring uses the major part circular arc leaf of ellipse leading edge Type, and installed adjustable flow area device additional, concrete regulative mode is as in figure 2 it is shown, at nozzle vane runner In, pressure can be converted to kinetic energy.The supercritical carbon dioxide working medium of jet expansion low-voltage high speed enters impeller 4 In carry out adiabatic expansion acting, drive radial-inward-flow turbine device wheel rotation output work.With reference to Fig. 3, impeller outlet Being disposed with back pressure test and diffuser control system, the signal of telecommunication of back pressure sensor is again by data collecting card In input computer, drive circuit hinging rotary device is regulated and controled, revise variable-geometry parameter adaptive Answer the geometry of back pressure diffuser.Supercritical carbon dioxide working medium pressure in diffuser increases, and flow velocity subtracts Little.The all parts of radial-inward-flow turbine device ensure that this device can adapt to back pressure and flow rate working conditions on a large scale, Remain on when variable working condition stable, reduce aerodynamic loss simultaneously, keep higher flow efficiency.

Wherein, the nozzle vane of nozzle ring 3 uses the major part circular arc profile of ellipse leading edge, this blade profile pair The air-flow angle of attack is insensitive, it is possible to reduces obvious flow separation phenomenon under relatively big positive negative angle of attack, keeps higher Efficiency.As in figure 2 it is shown, the oscillation center in the middle part of nozzle vane uses pin to fix, by drive circuit control Make the pin in adjustable flow area device to rotate to change nozzle angle, thus change throat width of nozzle, Adjust the flow area of nozzle flow channel, adapt to the operating mode of flow wide variation.

The present invention uses flow rate test and through-flow control system 2 to carry out adaptive to the blade pitch angle of nozzle ring 3 Should regulate, the flow transducer in system records the flow value of supercritical carbon dioxide working medium and is converted to telecommunications Number transmission, in data collecting card, is accessed in computer flow control equipment by data collecting card and is analyzed Reason.Geometry according to jet expansion and the relation of flow working medium, flow is corresponding with cut-out governing angle Relation is as follows:

$sin\mathrm{\α}=\frac{\stackrel{\·}{m}}{{\mathrm{\πD}}_N{\mathrm{\τ}}_N{\mathrm{\ρ}}_N{C}_N{l}_N}$

Wherein,For mass flow, α is gas flow angle at nozzle outlet, D_NFor nozzle outlet diameter, τ_NFor spray Mouth outlet subtracts narrow coefficient, ρ_NFor jet expansion working medium density, C_NFor jet expansion working medium speed, l_NFor nozzle Ye Gao.Therefore, this computer flow analysis adjusting device can be by flow signalIt is converted into the nozzle of correspondence Inclination angle regulation angle [alpha], changes supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flow area in nozzle flow channel, completes certainly Adapt to regulation.The program is suitable for wide range of traffic operating mode, and it is multiple to effectively prevent this device of partial-air admission Miscellaneous, that loss in efficiency is bigger Flow-rate adjustment mode, makes radial-inward-flow turbine device the compactest, has saved and be manufactured into This and space, and economic benefit when drastically increasing plant running.

With reference to Fig. 3, give the full admission supercritical carbon dioxide being suitable for back pressure and flow rate working conditions on a large scale Radial-inward-flow turbine device impeller meridian section and back pressure test and diffuser control system schematic diagram.Supercritical dioxy Change carbon working medium and along the movable vane leading edge entrance impeller of footpath aial flow impeller 4, carry out adiabatic expansion in upper and lower both sides, Working medium promotes impeller blade to rotating shaft output work, enters back pressure test and diffuser control system 5 at impeller outlet In, pressure increases, and flow velocity reduces, and diffuser can reduce impeller outlet pressure, increases turbine output work, And reducing the friction loss in discharge duct of the impeller outlet high-velocity fluid, back pressure test and diffuser control system It is provided with the baffle plate containing hinging rotary device, energy bottom variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser in system 5 Enough changing diffuser cross sectional shape, when system is run, the signal of telecommunication of back pressure sensor transmits to data collecting card In, data collecting card access and computer back pressure adjusting device is analyzed process.According to Bernoulli equation And diffuser geometry, economy is as follows with the corresponding relation of diffuser cross sectional shape:

$p_b-p_{out}=\frac{1}{2}{{\mathrm{K\ρV}}_{out}}^2(1-\frac{{\mathrm{\π}}^2{r_{out}}^4}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2{r_b}^4})$

$tan\mathrm{\β}=\frac{r_b-r_{out}}{l}$

Wherein, p_bFor diffuser exit back pressure, p_outFor impeller outlet pressure, V_outFor impeller outlet working medium speed Degree, ρ is the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium average density of impeller outlet and diffuser exit, r_b、r_outIt is respectively Diffuser exit and the radius in impeller outlet cross section, l is diffuser axial length, and β is diffuser baffle plate and axle To angle, due to viscosity and compressible impact in actual flow, by experiment measure adjusted coefficient K can So that degree of regulation is improved.Therefore, computer back pressure analysis adjusting device can be by back pressure signal p_b's Change is converted into diffuser exit radius r_bChange, thus obtain correspondence hinging rotary regulation angle beta, by Computer passes on control command to realize several to variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser via drive circuit What shape is modified, to adapt to back pressure operating mode on a large scale.This system ensure that stablizing of impeller outlet pressure, Whole radial-inward-flow turbine device is enable to remain on during economy on a large scale stable.

Claims (7)

1. the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine installation being suitable for back pressure and flow on a large scale, it is characterised in that: Including guide spiral case (1), flow rate test and through-flow control system (2), nozzle ring (3), impeller (4) and Back pressure test and diffuser control system (5)；Wherein, guide spiral case (1) outside and be provided with supercritical titanium dioxide Carbon working medium air intake duct, supercritical carbon dioxide working medium is through guiding the flow rate test of spiral case (1) import department and leading to Flow control system (2) tailing edge volute outlet inner circle enters nozzle ring (3) runner, at nozzle ring (3) runner In expand, supercritical carbon dioxide working medium after nozzle ring (3) runner pressure reduce, speed increase, And enter in the impeller (4) of high speed rotating, movable vane runner promotes impeller blade acting, supercritical dioxy The interior energy of change carbon working medium and kinetic energy are converted into the mechanical power of impeller (4) and export axle head, and impeller (4) exports It is provided with back pressure test and diffuser control system (5), supercritical carbon dioxide working medium pressure after diffuser Increasing, flow velocity reduces, and reenters supercharging in centrifugal compressor along device gas off-take, reaches supercritical dioxy Again by guiding acting in spiral case entrance turbine when changing the pressure needed for carbon radial-inward-flow turbine device import, so follow Ring；Wherein, flow rate test and through-flow control system (2) are for carrying out Automatic adjusument to nozzle angle.

The most according to claim 1 a kind of it is suitable for back pressure and the supercritical carbon dioxide of flow on a large scale Turbine installation, it is characterised in that: nozzle ring (3) uses the major part circular arc profile of ellipse leading edge and adjustable logical Flow area nozzle ring.

The most according to claim 1 a kind of it is suitable for back pressure and the supercritical carbon dioxide of flow on a large scale Turbine installation, it is characterised in that: impeller (4) uses radial-inward-flow turbine impeller.

The most according to claim 1 a kind of it is suitable for back pressure and the supercritical carbon dioxide of flow on a large scale Turbine installation, it is characterised in that: flow rate test and through-flow control system (2) include flow transducer, data Capture card, computer flow analysis adjusting device, drive circuit and adjustable flow area device；Wherein, work When making, working medium is through guiding the flow transducer at spiral case inlet, and flow transducer records supercritical titanium dioxide The flow value of carbon working medium is also converted to signal of telecommunication transmission in data collecting card, data collecting card access and calculate Being analyzed in machine flow control equipment processing, flow signal can be converted into the nozzle of correspondence and incline by this equipment Bevel angle adjustment angle, is passed on control command to realize adjustable flow area device via drive circuit by computer Control, complete Automatic adjusument.

The most according to claim 4 a kind of it is suitable for back pressure and the supercritical carbon dioxide of flow on a large scale Turbine installation, it is characterised in that: according to the relation of the geometry of jet expansion with flow working medium, flow with The corresponding relation of cut-out governing angle is as follows:

$\sin \mathrm{\α}=\frac{\stackrel{\·}{m}}{{\mathrm{\πD}}_N{\mathrm{\τ}}_N{\mathrm{\ρ}}_N{C}_N{l}_N}$

Wherein,For mass flow, α is gas flow angle at nozzle outlet, D_NFor nozzle outlet diameter, τ_NFor spray Mouth outlet subtracts narrow coefficient, ρ_NFor jet expansion working medium density, C_NFor jet expansion working medium speed, l_NFor nozzle Ye Gao, computer this equipment of flow analysis adjusting device can be by flow signalThe nozzle being converted into correspondence inclines Bevel angle adjustment angle [alpha], thus change supercritical carbon dioxide working medium flow area in nozzle flow channel, complete Automatic adjusument.

The most according to claim 1 a kind of it is suitable for back pressure and the supercritical carbon dioxide of flow on a large scale Turbine installation, it is characterised in that: back pressure test and diffuser control system (5) include back pressure sensor, number Adjusting device, drive circuit and hinging rotary device is analyzed according to capture card, computer back pressure；Wherein, back pressure The signal of telecommunication of sensor transmits to data collecting card, data collecting card access computer back pressure adjusting device In be analyzed process, this equipment back pressure signal can be converted into correspondence hinging rotary regulation angle, by Computer passes on control command to realize several to variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser via drive circuit What shape is modified, to adapt to back pressure operating mode on a large scale.

The most according to claim 6 a kind of it is suitable for back pressure and the supercritical carbon dioxide of flow on a large scale Turbine installation, it is characterised in that: according to Bernoulli equation and diffuser geometry, economy and diffusion The corresponding relation of device cross sectional shape is as follows:

$p_b-p_{out}=\frac{1}{2}{{\mathrm{K\ρV}}_{out}}^2(1-\frac{{\mathrm{\π}}^2{r_{out}}^4}{{\mathrm{\π}}^2{r_b}^4}\frac{}{})$

$tan\mathrm{\β}=\frac{r_b-r_{out}}{l}$

Wherein, p_bFor diffuser exit back pressure, p_outFor impeller outlet pressure, V_outFor impeller outlet working medium speed Degree, ρ is the supercritical carbon dioxide working medium average density of impeller outlet and diffuser exit, r_b、r_outIt is respectively Diffuser exit and the radius in impeller outlet cross section, l is diffuser axial length, and β is diffuser baffle plate and axle To angle, due to viscosity and compressible impact in actual flow, by experiment measure adjusted coefficient K adjust Joint precision improves, and computer back pressure analyzes adjusting device can be by back pressure signal p_bChange be converted into expansion Depressor exit radius r_bChange, thus obtain correspondence hinging rotary regulation angle beta, by computer pass on control System order realizes repairing the geometry of variable-geometry parameter adaptive back pressure diffuser via drive circuit Just, to adapt to back pressure operating mode on a large scale.