CN105936961A - Absorbing layer with flexibly variable thickness and preparation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Absorbing layer with flexibly variable thickness and preparation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105936961A CN105936961A CN201610247695.2A CN201610247695A CN105936961A CN 105936961 A CN105936961 A CN 105936961A CN 201610247695 A CN201610247695 A CN 201610247695A CN 105936961 A CN105936961 A CN 105936961A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser surface shock strengthening method, and in particular to an absorbing layer with flexibly variable thickness and an application method thereof. The absorbing layer with the flexibly variable thickness is applied to the laser shock strengthening of a small-pitch gear surface. The method is characterized in that three thick liquids which are prepared through different materials and are fixed in thickness are horizontally paved layer by layer in a special die and then properly heated to form a semi-solid absorbing layer with the flexibly variable thickness; then the semi-solid absorbing layer with the flexibly variable thickness is adhered to the tooth surfaces of a gear, and clearances among teeth are fully filled with a flexible part of the semi-solid absorbing layer; a smooth column surface can be formed on the outer wall of the absorbing layer; the absorbing layer is heated to be completely solidified; and finally a large-size overlapping laser shock method is carried out to uniformly strengthen the gear. The method has the advantages the thickness of the absorbing layer is flexibly variable; the outer wall of the absorbing layer adhered to the tooth surfaces of the gear can form the smooth column surface, so that the large-area overlapping laser shock treatment can be conveniently carried out for the gear, and as a result, the surfaces of a small-pitch gear and similar workpieces can be uniformly strengthened; and the absorbing layer is easily removed after the shock treatment is finished, and the demand of mass production can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser surface shock peening technology, it refers in particular to a kind of for the punching of close-toothed wheel surface laser
Thickness flexible variable absorbed layer and using method, this absorbed layer and the using method thereof of hitting strengthening can be extended to
Little tooth pitch spline punch and the surface peening of fine pitch screw thread.
Background technology
Increasingly mature along with laser technology, laser has started to be applied to the surface peening of part.Laser-impact is strong
Change processes gear surface, can improve gear surface quality and fatigue strength, anti-wear performance, can make again operation letter
Single, deform little, surface roughness is low, and finish is good.Therefore, it has huge economic benefit and wide answering
Use prospect.
Early 1970s, Fairand of the U.S. et al. utilizes the shock wave that intense pulse laser is induced first
Pressure implements the modification experiment research of material, and the microstructure microstructure and mechanical property making 7075 aluminium alloys is obvious
Improve.Afterwards, scholars launches one after another for the research of reiforcing laser impact technology.Ruschau in 1999
Et al. carry out laser impact intensified examination to having the Ti6Al4V blade of aviation engine that fine crack scrapped
Testing, after blade of aviation engine is damaged by FOD, fatigue strength is decreased to less than 20ksi, laser from 75ksi
Impact remanufactures rear fatigue strength and rises to 75-100ksi, and its fatigue strength has exceeded new blade, and cost is about
For the 1/10～1/4 of new blade, save production cost 75%-90%, this results in huge technical economic benefit.
2002 start, Usa Metals modification company (MIC) by reiforcing laser impact technology commercialization promote, to Boeing,
The company such as Air Passenger, Gulfstream aircraft engine fan leaf dish, blade carry out intensive treatment, and are extended to steam turbine leaf
In the intensive treatment of sheet, achieve significantly strengthening effect and economic benefit.U.S. Lawrence in 2003
Livermore National Laboratory uses laser impact intensified process travelling gear, and the contact increasing travelling gear is tired
Labor intensity and high-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction.The automobile transmission gear high stress fatigue life-span after shock peening improves 2-6 times,
The fatigue life of helicopter travelling gear even can improve more than 10 times.
When carrying out laser impact intensified currently for the spline punch of big tooth pitch and gear part, although processing
Surface is complex-curved, but owing to tooth pitch is wider, the plasma stock wave of generation will not shield the downward spoke of laser
Penetrate, the common used materials such as aluminium foil therefore be can be used directly as absorbed layer so that it is be pasted on gear teeth face, adopt afterwards
Process the full flank of tooth with many hot spots overlap joint laser-impact, still can realize the flank of tooth complete to gear and be completely covered, and obtain
Good uniformly strengthens effect.But for spline punch and the gear part of little tooth pitch, lasing beam diameter is
2-8mm, when spline punch or travelling gear tooth pitch are less than 10mm, at the bar still using normal absorption layer
Under part, laser beam is first radiated flank, formation etc. after the absorbed layer absorption laser energy gasification that side is pasted
Gas ions, shields laser beam downward radiation teeth groove, and teeth groove part can not be reinforced.And impact in large area
Time overlapping regions absorbed layer problem that warpage, peeling easily occur.Therefore, use normal absorption layer realizing
Overall strengthening to this type of surface of the work, has seriously undermined the properties of laser impact intensified rear surface of the work,
And it is unable to reach the effect of uniformly strengthening.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of thickness laser impact intensified for close-toothed wheel surface
Degree flexible variable absorbed layer and using method thereof: i.e. directly paste by obtaining a kind of thickness flexible variable absorbed layer
In gear teeth face, this absorbed layer flexible portion is filled up completely with gear interdental space, and absorbed layer outer wall can be formed flat
Traveller face, it is simple to gear is carried out large area and overlaps laser impact intensified process, it is achieved that to this type of gear surface
Uniform strengthening, enhance the properties at each position, laser impact intensified backgear surface.Need explanation
It is that this thickness flexible variable absorbed layer refers in particular to for an a diameter of 30-50mm of class, and modulus is 1-2mm, tooth
Class workpiece is taken turns away from the close-toothed for 1-4mm.This absorbed layer and using method thereof can be extended to little tooth simultaneously
Surface peening away from spline punch with the similar workpiece such as fine pitch screw thread.
This thickness flexible variable absorbed layer is by three kinds of different materials side by layering tiling post-heating in mould
Method preparation is formed.The thickness of this thickness flexible variable absorbed layer every layer should meet following condition: pending gear
Fully teeth height is h, underlayer thickness a=0.6h, transition region thickness b=0.1h, skin depth c=0.1h；Because examining
Consider to bottom be thickness flexible variable, and can as plasticine deformable filler inter-lobe clearance, and gear
Toothed portion can account for a part of space, in order to make the absorbed layer height finally highlighting the flank of tooth the lowest, so carving
The thickness of the absorbed layer anticipated when reducing preparation.
Component and the effect of this absorbed layer every layer are as follows:
(1) bottom uses GN-521D type Two-component silica gel, and this material is commercially available, purchased from the limited public affairs of blue star new material
Department；Its by volume proportions be: Silica hydrogel component M 50～65%, Silica hydrogel component N 35～50%；Should
Layer has good thickness flexible variable and good viscosity under semisolid, may be used to realize and gear teeth face
Seamless binding.
(2) top layer uses the ZJ-460 type acrylic resin of mixing black pigment, and this material is commercially available, contains purchased from Suzhou City
Good resin company limited；Have good pliability, and impact resistance after this layer of solidification, be used for absorbing laser energy from
And produce plasma blast area.
(3) for strengthening the bond strength on top layer and bottom, use G-901 type PVC colloidal sol as mistake between
Crossing layer, this material is commercially available, purchased from Dongguan City Jing Shunjiao industry company limited.
The concrete preparation flow of above-mentioned thickness flexible variable absorbed layer is as follows:
(1) M, N component of GN-521D type Two-component silica gel is mixed by proportioning, and pour into after being sufficiently stirred for
In the mould made by lucite, its thickness is a.
(2) G-901 type PVC colloidal sol being laid in above-mentioned Silica hydrogel surface, its thickness is b.
(3) the ZJ-460 type acrylic resin of mixing black pigment is laid in above-mentioned PVC sol surface, its thickness
Depending on c.
(4) glue held in a mold is put into vacuum is discharged bubble therein.
(5) the glue heating after aerofluxus is made its semi-solid preparation.
(6) glue of this semi-solid preparation is taken out from lucite mould, obtain semisolid thickness flexible variable absorbed layer.
Further, in step (4), evacuation time 30min, relative vacuum degree is-50KPa.
Further, in step (5), heating condition heats 2h under conditions of being 80 DEG C.
Above-mentioned semisolid thickness flexible variable absorbed layer is used to carry out the laser impact intensified of close-toothed wheel surface
Method is as follows:
(1) the thickness flexible variable part bottom the thickness flexible variable absorbed layer of semi-solid preparation is pressed into and is filled up completely with
Inter-lobe clearance, and be pasted on gear teeth face, making the gear outer wall after stickup is the smooth face of cylinder, post-heating make
This absorbed layer is fully cured.
(2), under conditions of with flowing water as restraint layer, gear teeth face is carried out large area and overlaps laser impact intensified process.
(3), after having processed, directly above-mentioned absorbed layer is peeled off from gear teeth face, clean gear surface with acetone afterwards.
Further, in step (1), heating condition heats 2h under conditions of being 80 DEG C.
Further, in step (2), flowing water restraint layer thickness is 1～2mm, the laser-impact parameter of use
For spot diameter 2～8mm, horizontal and vertical hot spot overlapping rate is 50%～70%, pulse energy 6～12J,
Pulsewidth 8～30ns.
The invention have the benefit that this absorber thickness flexible variable, be pasted on after gear teeth face outside absorbed layer
Wall forms smooth cylinder, and the convenient large area overlap joint laser-impact that carries out gear processes, it is achieved that to close-toothed
The surface of wheel and similar workpiece is uniformly strengthened；After shock treatment, absorbed layer is prone to cleaning, meets large-scale production
Demand；Present method solves and overlapping regions absorbed layer during the overlap joint impact of close-toothed wheel surface large area is easily stuck up
A difficult problem bent, flaky.This absorbed layer processing technology is simple simultaneously, and low cost can be substantially reduced laser-impact
The cost of strengthening.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is thickness flexible variable absorbed layer schematic diagram.In figure: 1. top layer, 2. transition zone, 3. bottom.
Fig. 2 is the gear generalized section to be impacted having adhered to absorbed layer, in figure: 1. gear, 2. at the bottom of absorbed layer
Layer, 3. absorbed layer transition zone, 4. absorbed layer top layer.
Fig. 3 is residual stress contrast broken line graph at gear tooth slot before and after laser impact intensified process.
Fig. 4 is matrix original state microscopic appearance figure at gear tooth slot.
Fig. 5 is microscopic appearance figure after shock treatment at gear tooth slot.
Fig. 6 is thickness flexible variable absorbed layer preparation flow and using method block diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited only to
Embodiment.
The present embodiment uses a kind of for automobile engine end, and material is 304 stainless close-toothed wheels,
Its physical dimension is: the number of teeth 50, modulus 1mm, tooth pitch 3mm, fully teeth height 3mm.
A kind of using above-mentioned workpiece to do laser impact intensified example, it concretely comprises the following steps:
(1) M, N component 1:1 proportioning by volume of GN-521D type Two-component silica gel is mixed, and fully stir
Mix, after pour in the mould made by lucite, its thickness is 1.8mm.
(2) G-901 type PVC colloidal sol being laid in above-mentioned Silica hydrogel surface, its thickness is 0.3mm.
(3) the ZJ-460 type acrylic resin of mixing black pigment is laid in above-mentioned PVC sol surface, its thickness
For 0.3mm.
(4) glue held in a mold is put into vacuum is discharged bubble therein, evacuation time 30min, relatively
Vacuum is-50KPa.
(5) glue after aerofluxus is heated under conditions of 80 DEG C 2h so that it is semi-solid preparation.
(6) glue of this semi-solid preparation is taken out from lucite mould, form semisolid thickness flexible variable absorbed layer.
(7) the thickness flexible variable part bottom the thickness flexible variable absorbed layer of semi-solid preparation is pressed into and is filled up completely with
Inter-lobe clearance, and it is pasted on gear teeth face, making the gear outer wall after stickup is smooth cylinder, afterwards at 80 DEG C
Under conditions of heat 2h, make this absorbed layer be fully cured.
(8), under conditions of with flowing water as restraint layer, gear teeth face is carried out large area and overlaps laser impact intensified process,
Flowing water restraint layer thickness is 1～2mm, and the laser-impact parameter of use is: spot diameter 3mm, laterally and
Longitudinal hot spot overlapping rate is 50%, pulse energy 9J, pulsewidth 20ns.
(9), after having processed, directly above-mentioned absorbed layer is peeled off from gear teeth face, clean gear surface with acetone afterwards.
The surface residual stress at gear tooth slot position before and after laser-impact process is determined by the present embodiment；Figure
2 is surface residual stress variation tendency in the depth direction at gear tooth slot before and after laser-impact process, permissible
Seeing, matrix skin residual stress meansigma methods is the least, and does not the most substantially have significant change；And swash
After light shock peening processes, gullet surface residual-stress value can reach 300MPa.The residual stress degree of depth reaches
0.9mm；And characterizing microscopic appearance at gear tooth slot before and after processing, Fig. 2 is matrix original state microcosmic
Pattern, Fig. 3 is microscopic appearance after shock treatment, it can be seen that the matrix original state microcosmic group at gear tooth slot
Knit coarse grains, but after laser-impact processes, textura epidermoidea's crystal grain is refined, it is thus achieved that desired homogeneous
Small grains tissue, and define substantial amounts of twin structure, result of study shows, after laser impact intensified process,
Gear teeth face residual stress is significantly improved, and residual stress influence depth is deep, and grain refining effect is obvious, from
And demonstrate the thickness flexible variable absorbed layer in the present invention and can simultaneously work as absorbing laser energy and transmission etc.
The effect of bombardment by ions ripple, and can be effectively realized gear class workpiece is carried out large area overlap joint laser impact intensified
Process.
Claims (9)
1. a thickness flexible variable absorbed layer, it is characterised in that: this thickness flexible variable absorbed layer is by three kinds
Different materials is formed by the method preparation of layering tiling post-heating in mould；Bottom uses GN-521D type
Two-component silica gel, its by volume proportions be: Silica hydrogel component M 50～65%, Silica hydrogel component N
35～50%；This layer has good thickness flexible variable and good viscosity under semisolid, may be used to reality
Now with the seamless binding of gear teeth face；Top layer uses the ZJ-460 type acrylic resin of mixing black pigment, should
There are good pliability, and impact resistance after layer solidification, are used for absorbing laser energy thus produce plasma blast area；
For strengthening the bond strength on top layer and bottom, use G-901 type PVC colloidal sol as transition zone between.
2. a kind of thickness flexible variable absorbed layer as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: pending tooth
The fully teeth height of wheel is h, underlayer thickness a=0.6h, transition region thickness b=0.1h, skin depth c=0.1h.
The preparation method of a kind of thickness flexible variable absorbed layer the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
(1) M, N component of GN-521D type Two-component silica gel is mixed by proportioning, and after being sufficiently stirred for
Pouring in the mould made by lucite, its thickness is a；
(2) G-901 type PVC colloidal sol being laid in above-mentioned Silica hydrogel surface, its thickness is b；
(3) the ZJ-460 type acrylic resin of mixing black pigment is laid in above-mentioned PVC sol surface, its
Thickness regards c；
(4) glue held in a mold is put into vacuum is discharged bubble therein；
(5) the glue heating after aerofluxus is made its semi-solid preparation；
(6) glue of this semi-solid preparation is taken out from lucite mould, obtain semisolid thickness flexible variable and inhale
Receive layer.
The preparation method of a kind of thickness flexible variable absorbed layer the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
In step (4), evacuation time 30min, relative vacuum degree is-50KPa.
The preparation method of a kind of thickness flexible variable absorbed layer the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that:
In step (5), heating condition heats 2h under conditions of being 80 DEG C.
6. use a kind of thickness flexible variable absorbed layer as claimed in claim 1 to carry out close-toothed wheel surface
Laser shock peening method, it is characterised in that:
(1) the thickness flexible variable part bottom the thickness flexible variable absorbed layer of semi-solid preparation is pressed into the most completely
Filling inter-lobe clearance, and be pasted on gear teeth face, making the gear outer wall after stickup is the smooth face of cylinder, adds afterwards
Heat makes this absorbed layer be fully cured；
(2), under conditions of with flowing water as restraint layer, gear teeth face is carried out large area and overlaps laser impact intensified place
Reason；
(3), after having processed, directly above-mentioned absorbed layer is peeled off from gear teeth face, clean gear with acetone afterwards
Surface.
7. laser shock peening method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: in step (1), add
Heat condition heats 2h under conditions of being 80 DEG C.
8. laser shock peening method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: in step (2), stream
Water constraint layer thickness is 1～2mm, and the laser-impact parameter of use is: spot diameter 2～8mm, laterally and
Longitudinal hot spot overlapping rate is 50%～70%, pulse energy 6～12J, pulsewidth 8～30ns.
9. laser shock peening method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: described method is applicable to
The one a diameter of 30-50mm of class, modulus is 1-2mm, and tooth pitch is that the surface of the gear class workpiece of 1-4mm is strong
Change, or the surface peening for little tooth pitch spline punch workpiece similar with fine pitch screw thread.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107760860A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-03-06 | 广州民航职业技术学院 | It is a kind of to be used for laser impact intensified flexible constraint layer repaired online and preparation method thereof |
| CN107794363A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-03-13 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | The method of laser impact intensified Anomalistic space shape and structure |
| CN115160862A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-10-11 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Preparation and coating method of absorbing protective layer at complex surface part of large-scale structure |
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Effective date of registration: 20190306 Address after: 225700 No. 18 Nanshan Road, Zone 3, Zhaoyang Industrial Park, Xinghua Development Zone, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: XINGHUA SANCHENG PRECISION FORGING CO., LTD. Address before: 212013 No. 301, Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Patentee before: Jiangsu University |