CN105932325A - Long-storage life lithium ion storage battery - Google Patents
Long-storage life lithium ion storage battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105932325A CN105932325A CN201610564279.5A CN201610564279A CN105932325A CN 105932325 A CN105932325 A CN 105932325A CN 201610564279 A CN201610564279 A CN 201610564279A CN 105932325 A CN105932325 A CN 105932325A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- storage life
- ions battery
- long storage
- battery
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention discloses a long-storage life lithium ion storage battery. The long-storage life lithium ion storage battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm, an electrolyte and a shell, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are respectively formed by a metal foil current collector and an active substance coating layer coated on the surface of the metal foil current collector, wherein the surface of the active substance of the positive electrode is coated with metal oxide, and the active substance of the positive electrode selects one or a mixture containing two or more of lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese cobalt nickel oxide. The lithium ion storage battery made in the invention has excellent storage performance, and has obvious advantages in the fields of energy storage power supplies and war preparedness power supplies, such as intelligent power grid emergency energy storage power supplies, medium-and-high orbital satellite energy storage power supplies and missile war preparedness power supplies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to lithium-ions battery field, particularly relate to lithium-ions battery a kind of long storage life.
Background technology
Compared with other secondary cells, lithium-ions battery not only has higher operating voltage and bigger energy is close
Degree, working life is the most longer.The performance of these excellences makes it can meet the complicated requirement of the equipment of development.The whole world is all
Make great efforts to develop existing lithium-ions battery technology, and expand its range of application to other neck from portable electric appts
Territory, such as traffic, energy storage, medical treatment and national defence.
Lithium-ions battery is gradually used as accumulation power supply and war preparedness power supply, as intelligent grid emergency accumulation power supply, in
High rail satellite accumulation power supply, guided missile war preparedness power supply etc..The feature of such power supply is that battery is in storage in a long time
Deposit state, one be triggered after just start discharge and recharge enter mode of operation.As a example by middle high rail satellite, there is the time of about 3/4 every year
During being in long illumination, during this period of time lithium-ions battery is substantially at the state shelved, the high temperature during shelving with
And highly charged state all can increase the degree of internal storage battery generation side reaction, thus battery tension is caused to reduce, capacity attenuation,
Follow-up work cannot be completed.
The target that long-life, always lithium-ions battery researcher chased, along with the deep application of lithium-ions battery,
In addition to service life, storage life the most increasingly causes the attention of researcher, is increasingly becoming study hotspot.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the capacity fade problem effectively overcoming lithium-ions battery to occur during shelving for a long time,
And the lithium-ions battery of a kind of long storage life is provided.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the invention provides the lithium-ions battery of a kind of long storage life, it includes positive pole, bears
Pole, barrier film, electrolyte and shell, positive pole and negative pole are by metal forming collector and the coating layer of active substance structure being coated in its surface
Becoming, wherein, described positive active material Surface coating has a metal oxide, described positive active material select cobalt acid lithium,
Any one or a few mixture in LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 or nickle cobalt lithium manganate.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described metal oxide selects Al2O3、MgO、
TiO2、ZrO2In any one or a few mixture.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described negative electrode active material is native graphite, centre
Any one or a few mixture in phase carbosphere or hard carbon.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, the surface of described negative electrode active material has cladding
Layer.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described clad selects in carbon, metal, polymer
The mixture of one or more.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described metal selects Ag, Ni, Sn;Described polymerization
Thing selects polypyrrole or polyaniline.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, barrier film uses polyalkene diaphragm.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described membrane surface is coated with inorganic nano-particle
Layer.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described inorganic nano-particle layer selects SiO2、TiO2、
Al2O3、ZrO2In any one or a few mixture.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, described electrolyte comprises film for additive, this film forming
Additive selects any one or a few the mixture in ethylene sulfite, vinylene carbonate and derivative thereof, favorably
Generation and the undue growth of negative material surface SEI film in suppression irreversible capacity.
The lithium-ions battery of above-mentioned long storage life, wherein, positive and negative electrode metal forming collector both sides are all coated with work
Property matter coatings.
It is characteristic of the invention that the negative active core-shell material after the positive electrode active materials after selecting cladding, cladding, surface coating
The barrier film of inorganic nano-particle layer, adds the electrolyte of film for additive, makes lithium-ions battery, the lithium ion electric power storage obtained
Pond has the storage life of excellence.
Lithium-ions battery stores under certain charging state, has deviate from certain lithium ion in the lattice of active material, changes
Learn gesture higher, play pendulum.Due to the stress of material own, both positive and negative polarity active material is caused easily to occur irreversible
Deformation, and active material directly contacts with electrolyte, side reaction easily occurs, thus reduces the number of the internal embedding lithium position of active material
Amount, causes capacity attenuation.By chemically or physically method, it is coated with at active material outer surface, is possible not only to stabilizing active
The structure of material, it is also possible to cut off and contact with the direct of electrolyte, it is to avoid the loss of active material.
Barrier film directly contacts with positive pole and negative pole, can experience the redox reaction of electrode surface.Because polyalkene diaphragm
Relatively low to the resistance of oxidation reaction, during storing, easily there is oxidation Decomposition.This oxidation Decomposition is the tightest
Weight, the final service life reducing battery.And along with the increase in demand to high-capacity battery, the non-oxidizability of barrier film more increases the weight of
Want.At polyalkene diaphragm surface coating inorganic distribution of nanoparticles, can stop and contact with the direct of both positive and negative polarity, it is to avoid redox is anti-
The impact of reply barrier film.
The present invention has the positive effect that:
(1) both positive and negative polarity active material is coated with by the present invention, from material, suppresses in prolonged storage, by
In the non-reversible deformation that the stress of material own causes.
(2) present invention uses the barrier film of surface coating inorganic distribution of nanoparticles, adds the electrolyte of film for additive, makes
Lithium-ions battery, substantially increases the storage life of battery.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides the lithium-ions battery of a kind of long storage life, it includes positive pole, negative pole, barrier film, electrolyte
With shell, positive pole and negative pole are constituted by metal forming collector and the coating layer of active substance being coated in its surface.Preferably, positive and negative
Metal forming collector both sides, pole are all coated with individual layer or double-layer active matter coatings.
Described positive pole includes positive active material, conductive agent, binding agent and collector, the quality of each material in positive pole coating
Percentage composition is: positive active material content 85% ~ 95%, conductive agent content 1% ~ 10%, and binder content is 1% ~ 10%.
Negative pole of the present invention includes negative electrode active material, conductive agent, binding agent and collector, each material in negative pole coating
Weight/mass percentage composition be: negative electrode active material content 85% ~ 95%, conductive agent content 1% ~ 10%, binder content is 1% ~ 10%.
Described conductive agent can be the cathode conductive agent that this area is conventional, such as conductive carbon black, superconduction carbon black, acetylene black,
The mixture of one or more materials in crystalline flake graphite, carbon nano-fiber.
Described binding agent can be fluorine resin, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, such as butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), hydroxylmethyl cellulose
The mixture of one or more materials in element sodium (CMC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
The positive pole coating of the present invention, negative pole coating all can comprise solvent, described solvent can be 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE,
The mixture of one or more materials in dimethylformamide, absolute ethyl alcohol, deionized water.
Described positive active material Surface coating has metal oxide, selects Al2O3、MgO、 TiO2、ZrO2In appoint
Anticipate one or more mixture;Described positive active material selects cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 or nickle cobalt lithium manganate
In any one or a few mixture.
Described negative electrode active material is the mixed of any one or a few in native graphite, carbonaceous mesophase spherules or hard carbon
Compound;The surface of described negative electrode active material has clad, one in the preferred carbon of this clad, metal, polymer or
Several mixtures;Described metal preferred Ag, Ni, Sn;The preferred polypyrrole of described polymer or polyaniline.
Described barrier film preferred polyolefm barrier film, it is preferable that this membrane surface is coated with inorganic nano-particle layer;Preferably
Ground, described inorganic nano-particle layer selects SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2In any one or a few mixture.
Described electrolyte is made up of organic solvent and electrolyte lithium salt.Organic solvent can be following material one or
Multiple mixture.Such as, ethyl carbonate (EC), propene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC),
Methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethylformamide, DEF, oxolane, methyl acetic acid ester etc..Good for obtaining
Cell discharge performance and life-span, in above-mentioned solvent, preferably comprise ethylene carbonate (EC).Electrolyte lithium salt can include placing an order
One electrolyte lithium salt and and mixture, such as LiPF6 、LiBF4、LiAsF6、LiClO4、LiCF3CO2、LiCF3(CF)3、
LiBOB etc..Preferably in embodiment, described electrolyte adds one or more film for additive, such as sulfurous acid ethene
Ester (ES), vinylene carbonate (VC) and derivative thereof, be conducive to generation and the negative material surface SEI of suppression irreversible capacity
The undue growth of film.
Described housing can be box hat, aluminum hull or plastic-aluminum packaging film.
Below by way of specific embodiment, making further explanation and description the present invention, these embodiments are merely to illustrate
The present invention, is not limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The lithium-ions battery that the present invention provides includes: positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte, barrier film and housing.
1, positive plate makes
By NMP(N-methyl pyrrolidone) add in agitator tank, it is subsequently adding the binding agent (PVDF) that percentage by weight is 3%, stirs
Mixing and be completely dissolved to white binding agent, add the conductive agent of 2.5%, obtain conductive rubber after stirring, the positive pole by 94.5% is lived
Property mixture of substances join in conductive rubber, positive electrode active materials for cladding ZrO2Cobalt acid lithium, after agitated mixing prepare
Go out anode sizing agent, be then evenly coated on the aluminium foil that thickness is 18 m, then prepare positive plate after roll-in, section.
2, negative plate makes
NMP is added in agitator tank, be subsequently adding the binding agent (PVDF) that percentage by weight is 3%, the binding agent of stirring to white
It is completely dissolved, adds the conductive agent of 2%, after stirring, obtain conductive rubber, the negative electrode active material of 95% is joined conducting resinl
In body, negative electrode active material is the carbonaceous mesophase spherules of carbon coated, prepares cathode size, the most equably after agitated mixing
It is coated on the Copper Foil that thickness is 12 m, then prepares negative plate after roll-in, section.
3, the making of battery
Positive plate, barrier film, negative plate stack and use laminated structure make battery core successively, and barrier film uses surface coating
Al2O3Polypropylene diaphragm, coating layer thickness 4 m, membrane thicknesses 25 m.
After battery core is respectively welded positive and negative electrode lug, then carry out into shell, laser welding.Injecting electrolyte, electrolyte uses 1
mol·L-1 LiPF6EC+DEC+DMC (1:1:1, wt%), and add the vinylene carbonate (VC) of 4%, after through chemical conversion and point
After holding operation, it is fabricated to lithium ion battery with aluminum shell.
Comparative example 1
Positive active material uses uncoated cobalt acid lithium, and negative electrode active material uses uncoated carbonaceous mesophase spherules, barrier film
Using uncoated PP barrier film, electrolyte uses non-additive 1 mol L-1 LiPF6EC+DEC+DMC (1:1:1, wt%),
Remaining material is the most identical with embodiment, is fabricated to battery according to the method for embodiment.
Embodiment 1 is as follows with the method for testing of the lithium-ions battery that comparative example 1 makes:
Initial capacity: at room temperature 25 DEG C, by battery 0.2C multiplying power constant-current charge to 4.1V, then constant-voltage charge, cut-off current
For 0.05C;Shelve after 0.5h with 0.2C multiplying power constant-current discharge to 2.75V, obtain battery initial discharge capacity C0。
Storage method: at room temperature 25 DEG C, by battery 0.2C constant-current charge to 4.1V, then constant-voltage charge, cut-off current
For 0.05C.Being held on by the battery of full electricity state under the environment temperature of 5 DEG C, within every 135 days, battery is carried out by (shelving the phase for 1)
Volume test.
Volume test: at room temperature 25 DEG C, is less than or equal to battery 0.2C constant-current charge to electric current to 4.1V, constant voltage
0.05C, shelves after 0.5h with 0.2C constant-current discharge to 2.75V, obtains the capacity C after battery is shelvedd, according to L=Cd/C0×
The method of 100% calculates the capability retention of battery after storing.
Comparative example 1 and the experimental result such as table 1 of embodiment 1.
Table 1: embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 volume test result
As can be seen from Table 1, the lithium-ions battery that embodiment makes is shelving the phase through 4, after 540 days, and capability retention
Higher, more than 97%;And the lithium-ion battery capacity conservation rate of comparative example making is relatively low, only 94%.
In sum, the present invention uses the active material after cladding to be used as positive and negative pole material, and clad can be with stabilizing active
The structure of material, it is to avoid the non-reversible deformation that positive and negative pole material produces during long term storage;Use surface coating inorganic nanometer
The barrier film of particulate layer, can strengthen the non-oxidizability of barrier film, it is to avoid barrier film occurs oxidation Decomposition during storing;Employing is added into
The electrolyte of film additive, can suppress generation and the undue growth of negative material surface SEI film of irreversible capacity.System of the present invention
The lithium-ions battery made possesses the storge quality of excellence, in accumulation power supply and war preparedness field of power supplies, such as intelligent grid emergency
Accumulation power supply, middle high rail satellite accumulation power supply, guided missile war preparedness power supply etc. have obvious advantage.
Although present disclosure has been made to be discussed in detail by above preferred embodiment, but it should be appreciated that above-mentioned
Description is not considered as limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for the present invention's
Multiple amendment and replacement all will be apparent from.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. the lithium-ions battery of long storage life, it includes positive pole, negative pole, barrier film, electrolyte and shell, positive pole and negative
Pole is constituted by metal forming collector and the coating layer of active substance being coated in its surface, it is characterised in that described positive electrode active material
Matter Surface coating has metal oxide, described positive active material to select cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 or nickel cobalt mangaic acid
Any one or a few mixture in lithium.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described metal oxide choosing
Select Al2O3、MgO、 TiO2、ZrO2In any one or a few mixture.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described negative electrode active
Material is any one or a few the mixture in native graphite, carbonaceous mesophase spherules or hard carbon.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described negative electrode active material
Surface there is clad.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described clad selects
The mixture of one or more in carbon, metal, polymer.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described metal select Ag,
Ni、Sn;Described polymeric oxidizer polypyrrole or polyaniline.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that barrier film use polyolefin every
Film, this membrane surface is coated with inorganic nano-particle layer.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described inorganic nano-particle
Layer selects SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2In any one or a few mixture.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described electrolyte comprises into
Film additive, this film for additive select in ethylene sulfite, vinylene carbonate and derivative thereof any one or several
The mixture planted.
The lithium-ions battery of long storage life the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that positive and negative electrode metal forming afflux
Body both sides are all coated with coating layer of active substance.
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Cited By (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN106169617A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2016-11-30 | 上海空间电源研究所 | A kind of space safety high power lithium ion accumulator |
CN106252714A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州梅岭电源有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery with long charged storage life and preparation method thereof |
CN109193041A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-11 | 山东天瀚新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium ion battery that high temperature cyclic performance is excellent |
WO2023087168A1 (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-25 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electric device |
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WO2023087168A1 (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-05-25 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte, secondary battery, battery module, battery pack, and electric device |
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Application publication date: 20160907 |