CN105932284B - A kind of close cladded type composite material and preparation method of mesoporous carbon and application - Google Patents
A kind of close cladded type composite material and preparation method of mesoporous carbon and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of close cladded type composite material and preparation method of mesoporous carbon and application, the composite material is using the material of high capacity as active material, using the sandwich that uniformly mesoporous carbon-coating is constituted as the core-shell structure that outside coats；The close cladding is that mesoporous carbon-coating completely coats active material.Compared with the existing technology, composite material of the present invention closely coats and is situated between empty structure, so that active material particle great volume expansion in charge and discharge process is effectively inhibited, greatly improves the cyclical stability that composite material is used as li-ion electrode.Present invention process step is simple, and the reaction time is short, reproducible, high income, and low in cost, has preferable scale application potentiality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technical field of composite materials, and in particular to a kind of high performance close cladded type of mesoporous carbon is multiple
Condensation material and preparation method thereof and the application in lithium ion battery.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery have open-circuit voltage is high, energy density is big, long service life, memoryless effect, of low pollution and
The advantages that self-discharge rate is small, it is better than other traditional secondary batteries on overall performance, is unanimously considered as various portable electrics
Sub- equipment and ideal power supply for electric vehicle.Although conventional lithium ion battery negative electrode material graphite good cycling stability with
And sexual valence is relatively high, but since its charging and discharging capacity is lower, volume and capacity ratio is even more no advantage, it is difficult to meet dynamical system
The system especially requirement of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle to cell high-capacity.Therefore exploitation has height ratio capacity, high charge-discharge
Efficiency, the great urgency of novel cathode material for lithium ion battery of long circulation life.
In the research of novel non-carbon negative material, the pure metals such as silicon, tin, germanium, metal oxide and composition metal
Oxide material increasingly attracts attention because of the embedding lithium capacity of theory with higher.If the negative electrode material of these high capacity can reach
Degree of being practical will be such that the application range of lithium ion battery widens significantly.But the negative electrode material of these high capacity is mostly electric
Conductance is lower, and under the conditions of high level removal lithium embedded, and there are serious bulk effects, causes the cyclical stability of electrode poor.
For the volume efficiency of the negative electrode material of these high capacity, by it and, buffering silicon compound with elastic and stable performance carrier
Volume change, the effective way of its cyclical stability will be improved while being to maintain high capacity.Carbon coating is most effective hand
One of section.Carbon material possesses good electric conductivity, elasticity, and cheap, and is readily synthesized.Traditional carbon coating method is main
There are direct mixing method and in-stiu coating method etc..In comparison, in-stiu coating method coats the surface of reactive nanoparticles more equal
Even carbon, so that covered effect is more preferably.But in view of the higher activity of nano-material surface, general In-situ reaction may not be able to
It is completely covered on all surfaces of active material.In the experience repeatedly cyclic process of removal lithium embedded, complete, the uniform coating of carbon-coating
It is most important to the further chemical property for improving electrode material.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of high performance mesoporous carbons closely to coat
Type composite material and preparation method and application.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the invention discloses a kind of close cladded type composite woods of mesoporous carbon
Material is using the material of high capacity as active material, using uniform mesoporous carbon-coating as the core-shell structure institute structure of outside cladding
At sandwich；The close cladding is that mesoporous carbon-coating completely coats active material.
Preferably, the active material is nano silica fume, germanium powder, glass putty, nano-oxide powder, nano composite oxygen
One or more of compound.
As another preferred embodiment, the size of the composite material is 0.2~2 micron, the grain diameter of the active material
For 50~400nm, the core-shell structure for being coated on active material outer surface is with a thickness of 20~100nm.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of the close cladded type composite material of the mesoporous carbon, comprising the following steps:
(1) conducting polymer monomer is added in deionized water, is uniformly dispersed, obtain conducting polymer monomer solution；
(2) above-mentioned conducting polymer monomer solution is taken, a certain amount of triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123 is added
As surfactant and template, a certain amount of plant acid solution is added in stirring and dissolving, and ultrasonic agitation adds active material, is dispersed
In being wherein stirred by ultrasonic, the pH value of hydrochloric acid conditioning solution, ice bath stirring are then used；
(3) (NH is added into the aqueous solution of step (2)4)2S2O8Aqueous solution, keep condition of ice bath reaction, after will
Mixture filters, and is washed with deionized, dry, grinding；
(4) by step (3) obtained particle high temperature sintering in a vacuum or inert atmosphere, that is, high-performance Jie is prepared
The close cladded type composite material of hole carbon.
Specifically, comprising the following steps:
(1) conducting polymer (aniline, pyrroles or thiophene) monomer is added in deionized water, is uniformly dispersed, obtained conductive poly-
Monomer adduct solution；
(2) above-mentioned conducting polymer monomer solution is taken, a certain amount of triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123 is added
As surfactant and template, a certain amount of plant acid solution is added in stirring and dissolving, and 1h is stirred by ultrasonic, adds active material, point
It dissipates in being wherein stirred by ultrasonic, is then 3 or so with the pH value of hydrochloric acid conditioning solution, ice bath stirring 20min；
(3) (NH is added into the aqueous solution of step (2)4)2S2O8Aqueous solution, keep condition of ice bath, react 12 hours,
Mixture is filtered, is washed with deionized 3 times, dry, grinding；
(4) by step (3) obtained particle, high temperature sintering is that high-performance mesoporous carbon is prepared closely to wrap under Ar gas
Cover type composite material.
Preferably, the conducting polymer monomer is one of aniline, thiophene, pyrroles.
As another preferred embodiment, 0.1-0.4 times that quality is conducting polymer monomer volume is added in the active material,
(NH4)2S2O8Addition quality be 1~3 times of conducting polymer monomer volume, the additional amount of phytic acid is conducting polymer monomer
2~4 times of volume.
In aforementioned proportion, quality and volume ratio are the ratios using ml:g as standard.
As another preferred embodiment, the mesoporous carbon-coating structure for being coated on core-shell structure outer surface, with active material
Mass ratio is 1:4~4:1.
As another preferred embodiment, the high temperature sintering condition are as follows: in a vacuum or inert atmosphere, temperature is 500~900 DEG C
It is sintered 3~10h.
The close cladded type composite material of the mesoporous carbon that the present invention obtains, mesoporous carbon-coating can coat completely active material, phase
Than common carbon coating better effect.The close clad structure can strongly maintain the complete and stability of electrode structure, reduce electrode
Deformation, thus further improve combination electrode chemical property.
The present invention finally additionally provides the application of the close cladded type composite material of the mesoporous carbon, wherein by it be used as lithium from
Sub- cell negative electrode material is used by being mixed with to obtain lithium ion battery composite cathode with carbon black and hydroxymethyl cellulose
The cycle performance of the composite negative pole of above-mentioned composite material preparation can be greatly improved.
The utility model has the advantages that the present invention provides a kind of close cladded type composite material and preparation method of mesoporous carbon and lithium from
Application in sub- battery, has the advantage that compared with prior art
(1) presence of the close clad of mesoporous carbon is complete to the cladding of active material；
(2) present invention process step is simple, reproducible, high income, and low in cost, has preferable scale application
Use potentiality；
(3) the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon provided by the invention is applied to prepare lithium ion as negative electrode material
Electrode, cyclical stability is good, and charge-discharge performance is excellent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the TEM photo of sample prepared by embodiment 1: (a) the no added phytic acid of 0.1g Si；(b) 0.1g Si addition is planted
Acid；
Fig. 2 is the high-resolution TEM photo that sample 0.1g Si prepared by embodiment 1 adds phytic acid: (a) no added phytic acid；
(b) phytic acid is added；
Fig. 3 is that 0.1g Si has electrode filling in 400mA/g prepared by no added phytic acid and naked Si electrode in embodiment 1
Cycle performance test curve under discharge current density；
Fig. 4 is the TEM photo of sample 0.075g Si prepared by embodiment 2: (a) no added phytic acid；(b) phytic acid is added；
Fig. 5 is electrode filling in 400mA/g prepared by the presence or absence of sample 0.075g Si prepared by embodiment 2 addition phytic acid
Cycle performance test curve under discharge current density；
Fig. 6 is the TEM photo of sample 0.025g Si prepared by embodiment 3: (a) no added phytic acid；(b) phytic acid is added；
Fig. 7 is that sample 0.025g Si prepared by embodiment 2 adds electrode prepared by phytic acid in the charge and discharge electricity of 400mA/g
Cycle performance test curve under current density；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described combined with specific embodiments below, and the description of specific embodiment is substantially only model
Example, following embodiment are based on technical solution of the present invention and are implemented, and the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given,
But protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
It is 200nm active material below that granularity is all made of in following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In 250mL round-bottomed flask, 0.229mL aniline is first added to the deionized water of 44mL, ultrasonic agitation dispersion 5min.
Be added 0.5g triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123, take 0.4605mL phytic acid to be dispersed therein, ultrasonic agitation until
It is completely dissolved.Then by 0.1gSi ball, it is dispersed therein ultrasonic agitation 1h.It then is 3 or so with the pH value of hydrochloric acid conditioning solution,
Transfer them to magnetic agitation 20min in ice bath.6mL deionized water separately is added in 0.5g ammonium persulfate, ultrasonic disperse is at transparent
Solution is poured into above-mentioned solution, and magnetic agitation reacts 12h；It is filtered after reaction, washing is three times.Vacuum drying, grinding.?
The composite material (being denoted as Si@C) of the close coated Si of mesoporous carbon is prepared under Ar gas after 600 degree of sintering in 5 hours.
The pattern of the prepared sample in the present embodiment is characterized using TEM, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.Phytic acid institute is not added
The carbon-carbon composite material surface of preparation is presented non-uniform clad, some Si nano particles also it is exposed outside.After phytic acid is added,
The size of the entire composite material is 1~2 micron, and the grain diameter of the active material is 50~150nm, described to be coated on
The core-shell structure of active material outer surface is with a thickness of 40~100nm.Carbon-coating forms uniformly and effectively clad.
As li-ion electrode negative electrode material and carbon black and carboxymethyl cellulose after composite material after drying is fully ground
Element according to parts by weight 60: 20: 20 ratio, be uniformly mixed, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying 4h, are prepared lithium ion battery after film
Combination electrode.The combination electrode is placed in 2025 battery cases, is to electrode, using polyethylene film as diaphragm, with 1M with lithium piece
LiPF6+ EC/DEC (v/v=1/1) is electrolyte assembled battery in 400mAg-1Charging and discharging currents density under carry out constant current
Charge-discharge test tests the cyclical stability of coated Si composite material preparation li-ion electrode.As shown in figure 3, relative to not
It is preferable that the combination electrode cyclical stability formed after phytic acid is added in the Si and naked Si electrode coated by phytic acid.
Embodiment 2
It is operated with embodiment 1 identical, is a difference in that and 0.075Si ball is added as active material, 700 DEG C of vacuum are sintered
3h。
The pattern of the prepared sample in the present embodiment is characterized using TEM, as shown in Figure 4.Si nano particle is by carbon coating
Layer uniformly and effectively coats.Fig. 5 be 0.075Si ball be added phytic acid whether combination electrode cycle performance figure, figure on can see
Cycle performance is obviously improved after phytic acid is added out.
Embodiment 3
Operated with embodiment 1 it is identical, be a difference in that be added 0.025Si ball as active material.
The pattern of the prepared sample in the present embodiment is characterized using TEM, as shown in Figure 6.Si nano particle is by carbon coating
Layer uniformly and effectively coats.Fig. 7 is the cycle performance figure that combination electrode after phytic acid is added in 0.025Si ball, can be seen that 100 on figure
Charge/discharge capacity is able to maintain stabilization in a circulation.
Embodiment 4
In 250mL round-bottomed flask, 0.229mL 3,4-rthylene dioxythiophene is first added to the deionized water of 44mL, ultrasound
It is dispersed with stirring 5min.0.3g triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123 is added, 0.4605mL phytic acid is taken to be scattered in it
In, ultrasonic agitation is until be completely dissolved.Then by 0.075g nano Si ball, it is dispersed therein ultrasonic agitation 1h.It transfers them to
Magnetic agitation 20min in ice bath.6mL deionized water separately is added in 0.3g ammonium persulfate, ultrasonic disperse is fallen at clear solution
Into in above-mentioned solution, magnetic agitation 12h is filtered after reaction, and washing is three times.Vacuum drying, grinding.900 degree 3 hours under Ar gas
The composite material of the close coated Si of mesoporous carbon is prepared after sintering.
Li-ion electrode negative electrode material is made according to 1 method of embodiment in gained composite material, and carries out constant current charge and discharge
Electrical testing, the results show that it is fine that the combination electrode cyclical stability formed after phytic acid is added.
Embodiment 5
In 250mL round-bottomed flask, 0.1mL pyrroles is first added to the deionized water of 44mL, ultrasonic agitation dispersion 5min.Add
Enter 0.1g triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123,0.4mL phytic acid is taken to be dispersed therein, ultrasonic agitation is until completely
Dissolution.Then by 0.075g nanometers of Sn balls, it is dispersed therein ultrasonic agitation 1h.Transfer them to magnetic agitation 20min in ice bath.
6mL deionized water separately is added in 0.3g ammonium persulfate, ultrasonic disperse is poured into above-mentioned solution, magnetic force stirs at clear solution
12h is mixed, is filtered after reaction, washing is three times.Vacuum drying, grinding.It is prepared after 500 degree of sintering in 10 hours under Ar gas mesoporous
The composite material of the close coated Si of carbon.
Li-ion electrode negative electrode material is made according to 1 method of embodiment in gained composite material, and carries out constant current charge and discharge
Electrical testing, the results show that it is preferable that the combination electrode cyclical stability formed after phytic acid is added.
In conclusion close cladded type composite material prepared by the present invention, reactive nanoparticles are successfully coated on
In even carbon-coating, closely cladding and the empty structure that is situated between make active material particle great volume expansion in charge and discharge process
Effectively inhibited, these factors, which combine, greatly improves the cyclical stability that composite material is used as li-ion electrode.
The present invention prepares that raw material is cheap, and operating procedure is simple, and the charge-discharge performance of high income, material is excellent, convenient for industry
Metaplasia produces.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon, which is characterized in that its be using the material of high capacity as active material,
The sandwich constituted using the core-shell structure of uniform mesoporous carbon-coating as outside cladding；The close cladding is Jie
Hole carbon-coating completely coats active material；
The preparation method of the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon, comprising the following steps:
(1) conducting polymer monomer is added in deionized water, is uniformly dispersed, obtain conducting polymer monomer solution；
(2) above-mentioned conducting polymer monomer solution is taken, a certain amount of triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123 conduct is added
A certain amount of plant acid solution is added in surfactant and template, stirring and dissolving, and ultrasonic agitation adds active material, is scattered in it
Then middle ultrasonic agitation uses the pH value of hydrochloric acid conditioning solution, ice bath stirring；
(3) (NH is added into the aqueous solution of step (2)4)2S2O8Aqueous solution, keep condition of ice bath reaction, after will mixing
Object filters, and is washed with deionized, dry, grinding；
(4) by step (3) obtained particle high temperature sintering in a vacuum or inert atmosphere, that is, high-performance mesoporous carbon is prepared
Close cladded type composite material.
2. the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the active material is to receive
One or more of rice silicon powder, germanium powder, glass putty, nano-oxide powder, nano composite metal oxide.
3. the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ruler of the composite material
Very little is 0.2~2 micron, and the grain diameter of the active material is 50~400nm, the core for being coated on active material outer surface
Shell structure is with a thickness of 20~100nm.
4. the preparation method of the close cladded type composite material of the described in any item mesoporous carbons of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
(1) conducting polymer monomer is added in deionized water, is uniformly dispersed, obtain conducting polymer monomer solution；
(2) above-mentioned conducting polymer monomer solution is taken, a certain amount of triblock polymer Pluronic127 or P123 conduct is added
A certain amount of plant acid solution is added in surfactant and template, stirring and dissolving, and ultrasonic agitation adds active material, is scattered in it
Then middle ultrasonic agitation uses the pH value of hydrochloric acid conditioning solution, ice bath stirring；
(3) (NH is added into the aqueous solution of step (2)4)2S2O8Aqueous solution, keep condition of ice bath reaction, after will mixing
Object filters, and is washed with deionized, dry, grinding；
(4) by step (3) obtained particle high temperature sintering in a vacuum or inert atmosphere, that is, high-performance mesoporous carbon is prepared
Close cladded type composite material.
5. the preparation method of the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described to lead
Electric polymer monomer is one of aniline, thiophene, pyrroles.
6. the preparation method of the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the work
Property substance quality is added is 0.1-0.4 times of conducting polymer monomer volume, (NH4)2S2O8Addition quality be conducting polymer
1~3 times of monomer volume, the additional amount of phytic acid are 2~4 times of conducting polymer monomer volume；In aforementioned proportion, quality and body
Product is than being the ratio using ml:g as standard.
7. the preparation method of the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the packet
The mesoporous carbon-coating structure for overlaying on core-shell structure outer surface, the mass ratio with active material are 1:4~4:1.
8. the preparation method of the close cladded type composite material of mesoporous carbon according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the height
Warm sintering condition are as follows: in a vacuum or inert atmosphere, temperature is 500~900 DEG C and is sintered 3~10h.
9. the close cladded type composite material of the described in any item mesoporous carbons of claim 1-3 is preparing lithium ion battery negative material
In application, which is characterized in that by the composite material by being mixed with to obtain lithium ion with carbon black and hydroxymethyl cellulose
Battery composite cathode.
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| CN106299289A (en) * | 2016-09-10 | 2017-01-04 | 天津大学 | The preparation method of a kind of cobalt acid zinc/guar gum/Pt/Polypyrrole composite material and application |
| CN106410164B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-02-12 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of anode material and its preparation method and application |
| CN109037630B (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2019-04-30 | 三峡大学 | A kind of phosphorus doping carbon coating Na3V2(PO4)2O2F positive electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN109713256B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-12-10 | 盐城工学院 | High-performance monodisperse carbon sphere negative electrode material with special structure and preparation method and application thereof |
| AU2020363053A1 (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2022-04-14 | China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation | Negative electrode material, preparation method therefor and application thereof, and lithium-ion battery |
| CN112421132B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-07-28 | 盐城工学院 | Lead-acid battery repair liquid and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114373892B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-12-26 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Method for controllably constructing phosphate coating and application thereof |
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| CN105428611A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-03-23 | 盐城工学院 | High-performance porous-hollow composite anode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Covalently-functionalizing synthesis of Si@C core–shell nanocomposites as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries;Chunyu Du等;《J. Mater. Chem.》;20110905;第21卷;第15692-15697页 |
| Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in-situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles;Hui Wu等;《NATURE COMMUNICATIONS》;20130604;第4卷(第1943期);第1-6页 |
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