CN105929349A - Transmitter Device For Magnetic Resonance Scanner - Google Patents

Transmitter Device For Magnetic Resonance Scanner Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105929349A
CN105929349A CN201610106225.4A CN201610106225A CN105929349A CN 105929349 A CN105929349 A CN 105929349A CN 201610106225 A CN201610106225 A CN 201610106225A CN 105929349 A CN105929349 A CN 105929349A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
transmitting
transmitting equipment
voltage source
coil
equipment
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Granted
Application number
CN201610106225.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN105929349B (en
Inventor
O.娴峰痉
O.海德
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Siemens Healthcare GmbH
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Siemens AG
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Publication of CN105929349B publication Critical patent/CN105929349B/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/36Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
    • G01R33/3614RF power amplifiers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/36Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
    • G01R33/3607RF waveform generators, e.g. frequency generators, amplitude-, frequency- or phase modulators or shifters, pulse programmers, digital to analog converters for the RF signal, means for filtering or attenuating of the RF signal
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/32Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
    • G01R33/36Electrical details, e.g. matching or coupling of the coil to the receiver
    • G01R33/3628Tuning/matching of the transmit/receive coil

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A transmitter device for a magnetic resonance scanner includes a transmitter that is arranged in spatial proximity of a transmission coil that is connected thereto. The transmitter is embodied as a high-frequency power source that is connected directly to the transmission coil.

Description

Transmitting equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of transmitting for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI (Magnetresonanztomographen) set Standby, described transmitting equipment has the emitter being arranged with being spatially near the transmitting coil that is attached thereto.
Background technology
Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI includes that at least one is for producing B1The transmitting coil in magnetic field.Generally, emitter is by having The simulation of limited output impedance (such as 50 Ω), linear AB class emitter, have for transmitting power is transferred to The coaxial cable of the limited characteristic impedance (such as 50 Ω) in transmitting coil, have for by due to the mismatch of transmitting coil And the power reflected discharges the power cycler of load impedance of (Ableiten) from emitter (Leistungszirkulator) B is produced and in object to be checked1The transmitting coil composition in magnetic field.This transmitting coil is every Secondary at least one longitudinal capacitor and a lateral capacitor is all utilized to be adjusted to resonance also in the centre of desired frequency band And it is adaptive with such as 50 Ω input impedances.
This device has B relevant with load and frequency consumingly in the case of given transmitting power1Magnetic field amplitude. Thus it is necessary that to for the transmitting power of desired magnetic field amplitude relevant with load calibrate.This process is claimed Make " adjusting-scanning (Adjustment-Scan) ".Leaving local the running due to circulator's impedance of resonant frequency Reactive (reaktive) mismatch and cause B1The reduction in magnetic field.Thus, transmitting coil was generally adjusted before real measurement Whole to resonance to the frequency band centre relevant with load on.Therefore, accessible bandwidth keep with coil quality and thus with quilt The object (such as people) being arranged in transmitting coil is relevant.The output of emitter with this about produced B1Magnetic field has can The effect become, this makes the adjustment of the not only output of emitter but also the calibration of the output of emitter is every load It is necessary after secondary change.
Further drawback is, transmitting coil is in view of the RF(radio frequency (Radio Frequency) can being transferred in object) energy Amount and mean power and there is boundary.When magnetic field tomoscan runs, the RF amplitude of reduction and dutycycle should not have it It limits or is possible with demoting (Degration).This can not be ensured that, in described biography by traditional AB class emitter In the case of the AB class emitter of system, efficiency and average output power are substantially reduced with big dutycycle.But this may result in more The image record (Bildaufnahmen) of difference.In view of maximum output with to the object to be checked in transmitting coil Impact, emitter and oversize (Ueberdimensionierung) that power for the electric current of compensation efficiency thereof so rather than It is possible without difficulty.
This transmitting equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI is such as from known in DE 101 27 266 C2.Set in this transmitting In Bei, in order to transmitter portion is integrated in transmitting coil, the wire loop producing field of this transmitting coil (Drahtschleifen) by be loaded into the most energized switch element therein and and power voltage supply Device is connected.Thus, cancel adaptation and the transmission link including transmission cable as much as possible and arrive for impedance Transform part on coil.
Summary of the invention
Thus the task of the present invention is, a kind of transmitting equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI is described, described for magnetic In the case of the transmitting equipment of resonance tomoscan, the difficulty in the case of adaptive transmitting coil can be avoided and in output Restriction in terms of power, and the described transmitting equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI has simple structure.
This task is solved by the transmitting equipment of the feature according to Patent right requirement 1.Favourable constructing plan is from subordinate Patent right requirement draws.
In order to solve this task, it is provided with the transmitting equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI with emitter, described Emitter is arranged with being spatially near the transmitting coil of this emitter of connection.According to the present invention, this emitter is configured to directly Connect the high frequency electric source being connected with transmitting coil.
Being directly connected between high frequency electric source and transmitting coil to be understood to be in does not has limited characteristic impedance Realize between these parts in the case of the cable of (such as 50 Ω) and in the case of there is no corresponding adaptation network Connect.Save the fixing feed forward program controller impedance (Speiseimpedanz) limited make it possible to realize through transmitting coil with negative Carry the unrelated electric current of impedance and thus unrelated with load B1Magnetic field amplitude.Utilize series capacitor quilt in the way of series resonance Adjust the transmitting coil of resonance utilize it off resonance (Verstimmung) (that is broadband run) outside resonance and Resistive load within described transmitting coil changes its reactance.This can be balanced by high frequency electric source so that magnetic field amplitude Keep constant.It is unnecessary for impedance and the measurement of resonance off resonance and setting.
High frequency electric source can be made up of voltage source and discrete λ/4 transformator.This discrete λ/4 transformator will be attached to voltage It is electric current that voltage on the outfan in source " converts ".
Here, this discrete λ/4 transformator is directly connected with transmitting coil.This discrete λ/4 transformator can be low pass Wave filter (such as π link) or high pass filter or λ/4 circuit or T link.Transmitting coil and high frequency electric source direct Connection can be realized by uneven transmission line.
Described voltage source can be by time control (getaktet) voltage source (the so-called chopper circuit with multiple switch element (Zerhackerschaltung)) constituting, described time control voltage source is fed from direct voltage source when transmitting equipment runs.Should Direct voltage source can be fed from alternating voltage electrical network with such as form with capacitor and commutator.Described time switch voltage Source can such as be implemented as switching grid parts (Schaltnetzteil).
The switch element of described time control voltage source launching equipment service hours word ground or synchronously can be controlled, warp This amplitude modulation obtains from the temporal pattern of excitation switch element and the frequency of switch clock (Schalttakt).Here, When transmitting equipment runs, in the case of amplitude modulation, the frequency around switch clock is asymmetrically formed two sidebands (Seitenbaender), one of them sideband is the frequency band to be launched of transmitting coil.Aptly, when launching equipment and running, Power is not had to be implemented in another sideband of two sidebands.It means that another sideband of said two sideband is at frequency On the parallel resonance position of λ/4 transformator that should be positioned at the coil with connected series resonance in spectrum.
As have been described above, transmitting coil can have inductance and the capacitor with this inductance series wiring, Wherein said inductance and described capacitor are adjusted in the way of series resonance.When launching equipment and running, flow through transmitting coil Electric current can be kept constant, its mode be the feed voltage of voltage source in the reactance of transmitting coil due to off resonance and/or electricity Resistive add load and change in the case of changing.Is there is off resonance and/or resistive in the change of the feed voltage of described voltage source Can automatically realize in the case of adding load.
As a result, equipment is launched by the coil inductance by series capacitor series resonance according to as suggested in the present invention (transmitting coil) is upper uses high frequency electric source to solve B1Magnetic field produces (B1-Magnetfelderzeugung) problem.High-frequency electrical Source is converted by λ/4 of time control voltage source and realizes.Save the fixing feed forward program controller impedance limited to make it possible to realize and load Coil current that impedance is unrelated and the thus sought B unrelated with load1Magnetic field amplitude.For this purpose, emitter is direct It is positioned on transmitting coil, because otherwise the circuit of notable length can cause standing wave, described standing wave can produce height along circuit Voltage and current.The coil of series resonance off resonance (that is broadband run) outside resonance and transmitting coil it Its reactance is changed in the case of interior ohmic load.This simply causes the rising of feed voltage demand, and B1Magnetic field shakes Width keeps constant.It is unnecessary for arranging for impedance and the measurement of resonance off resonance and capacitor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention and advantage thereof are elucidated with further according further to embodiment subsequently.
Fig. 1 shows traditional electrical equivalent circuit figure launching equipment,
Fig. 2 is shown in which in the case of different loads to draw through sending out according to the frequency in the transmitting equipment according to Fig. 1 The curve chart of the electric current of ray circle,
Fig. 3 shows the schematic equivalent circuit diagram launching equipment constructed according to the present invention,
Fig. 4 is shown in which to draw the curve chart of electric current through coil about frequency according to the different load that add, and
Fig. 5 shows and illustrates being formed when transmitting equipment runs of coil current according to it symmetrically around the frequency of switch clock The curve chart of sideband.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the traditional schematic equivalent circuit diagram launching equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI.This Jet device includes (such as with AB class emitter simulation, linear as configuration) simulating emitter P1, described simulating emitter P1 There is limited output resistance (such as 50 Ω).By this emitter P1The transmitting power produced such as is had by transmission line K( The coaxial cable of the characteristic impedance (such as 50 Ω) limited) it is transferred to transmitting coil 10.This transmitting coil 10(is by inductance L1Represent) converter type ground (by transformator T1Represent) couple with load 40.Load 40 e.g. in electrical equivalent circuit figure by electricity Sense L2With resistance R in parallel1Representative patient.Transmitting coil 10 or inductance L1Utilize longitudinal capacitor C2With lateral capacitor C1 Resonance and characteristic impedance (the such as 50 Ω) adaptation with transmission line K it is adjusted in the centre of desired frequency band.With electricity Container C2The resistance R of series wiring2Represent the resistance of transmitting coil 10.Additionally, in order to detect the electric current flowing through transmitting coil 10, Current measuring device I is there is in resonant tankMeasure.Additionally, there is power cycler X in transmission line K1, described power follows Ring device X1It is connected to emitter P with its first terminal1, with its second terminal be connected to transmission line K and with it 3rd terminal is connected to load resistance R3.This circulator X1Adaptive with the characteristic impedance of transmission line K and for will by The power that the mismatch of ray circle 10 is reflected is from emitter P1Middle discharge.
Device shown in FIG is at emitter P1The transmitting power be given in the case of have with load and frequency have The strong B closed1Magnetic field amplitude.Thus, launch power must for desired magnetic field amplitude relevant with load be calibrated.? The impact of the different size of load (such as different heights and/or the patient of body weight) in magnetic resonance imaging,MRI makes people pass through The different electric current of transmitting coil 10 is felt.Such as, this can from fig. 2 for different size of load 40a ..., the set of curves (Kurvenschar) of 40k are inferred, wherein illustrate according to frequency f and flow through inductance L1Electric current IMeasure.? This, as learnt by Fig. 2 without difficulty, transmitting coil 10 is adjusted in the resonant frequency of slightly below 63.5MHz.For Avoid coil current and thus magnetic field, in the middle of the frequency band relevant with load will be before real measurement according to the change of load It is adjusted to resonance (resonant).Additionally, leaving the local operation of resonant frequency due to circulator X1Circulator The reactivity mismatch of impedance and cause B1The reduction in magnetic field.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic equivalent circuit launching equipment for magnetic resonance imaging,MRI according to the present invention Figure.In this schematically diagram, transmitting coil 10 is supplied electric current by high frequency electric source, and described high frequency electric source is by voltage source 20 and divides Vertical λ/4 transformator 30 is constituted.Transmitting coil 10(is by inductance L1, the capacitor C of wiring connected in series1With coil resistance R1Generation Table) by especially capacitor C1Corresponding design (Auslegung) be adjusted in the way of series resonance.Transmitting coil 10 directly (are without adaptive with the characteristic impedance determined and there is not adaptation network ground) being connected with high frequency electric source.More Precisely, transmitting coil 10 is connected with voltage source 20 by λ/4 transformator 30.
Save the fixing feed forward program controller impedance limited and make it possible to realize the coil current unrelated with load impedance and thus The B unrelated with load of transmitting coil 101Magnetic field amplitude.The coil 10 of series resonance utilize off resonance (that is resonance it Outer broadband is run) and change its reactance by the ohmic load that adds of the most unshowned load.Load transformation Device formula ground (as this is the most once illustrated with Fig. 1) and the inductance L of transmitting coil 101Coupling.Both of which causes The rising of feed voltage demand, and B1Magnetic field amplitude keeps constant.For impedance and the measurement of resonance off resonance and capacitor Setting is unnecessary.
The voltage source 20 being made up of time switch voltage source is implemented as so-called chopper.Mapped by voltage source (abgebildete) voltage is transformed to electric current necessary to transmitting coil 10 by λ/4 transformator 30.Voltage source 20 is not by The direct voltage source feed being illustrated again, described direct voltage source is such as with capacitor (C3) and the form of commutator (not shown) By also without the alternating voltage electrical network feed being illustrated further.
The switch element of time switch voltage source digitally and is synchronously controlled.The position of the switch And the temporal bit pattern of switch clock show that AM modulates (Schaltstellung), in the case of described AM modulates, two Individual sideband is asymmetrically formed around desired switch clock frequency.This can the most such as push away from the curve chart of Fig. 5 Break and.In this case, desired switch clock frequency ω0Characterize, and about 78 MHz.Use ω1The sideband characterized Draw frequency band (the most exemplarily in the range of about 63 to 64 MHz) to be launched.Another sideband ω2It is not carried out merit Rate and so also without causing switching current.This causes sideband ω2Should be positioned in frequency spectrum that to have connected series connection humorous On the parallel resonance position of λ/4 transformer circuit of the coil (transmitting coil) shaken.
Fig. 4 is shown in which to illustrate the electric current I flowing through transmitting coil 10 in frequency fMeasure=ICoilAnd high frequency electric source The electric current I occurred to drive coil currentSwitchCurve chart.As may recognize that without difficulty, with ω0Table In the frequency domain levied, flow through the electric current I of transmitting coil 10MeasureUnrelated, nearly constant with load.On the other hand, hence it is evident that may recognize that It is, high frequency electric source the electric current I providedSwitchChange in transmitting coil 10 in the case of different loads (such as patient). Described load change is learnt by the set of curves of the different curvilinear motion process of the electric current with high frequency electric source.
As have been described above, in order to drive sending out of magnetic resonance imaging,MRI in the case of using high frequency electric source Ray circle there is no need to arrange adaptive link or circulator or shunt resistance.Thus, it is not required that conveying circuit (Zufuehrleitung), because transmitting equipment is directly connected with transmitting coil with being spatially near.Unrelated with load impedance Ground, uses the decisive advantage of high frequency electric source to be its high efficiency.Especially it is not necessary that, in the case of high duty ratio Excessive size is determined for efficiency compensation in the case of short arc.Can implement modulation, its mode be greater number also Connection power supply is simply partly activated.
Because the high frequency electric source of numeral similarly (als solches) is disabled, thus as described above that Sample, it is realized by λ/4 conversion being made up of time switch voltage source.To this, it is possible to use so-called pulse generator IC. Described pulse generator IC is as being used for driving the numeral of such as piezoelectric supersonic transmitter (Ultraschalluebertrager) , programmable square wave power generator circuit be known.This pulse generator is square-wave voltage source.If it is this Voltage source is connected with impedance inverter circuit as the transformator of λ/4, then voltage source sees following load impedance:
Characteristic impedance Z0Substantially determine the ratio of high-frequency input voltage and high frequency output electric current:
" output opened " of pulse generator can cause the short circuit of RF transmitting coil 10.Thus sluggish pulse generator must Must be clamped to actively on reference potential.Ultrasonic pulse generator IC has three output level+Vc, 0 and-Vc, Qi Zhongzhuan State " 0 " is the clamp enlivening reference potential, wherein there is the probability of two-way overcurrent.
Impedance reversion can be realized by suitable transmission line.Here, the suitable topology for this λ/4 transformator can To be T or π low pass link.This is such as described in publication [1].Owing to existing on the outfan of pulse generator 20 Shunt capacitance C3(referring to Fig. 3) and owing to adjusting coil L for series resonance1Electric capacity C2, go out as shown in FIG. 3 Like that, there is only two additional element L2And C2λ/4 transformator can tackle.At this:
3rd reactance component Z3For at ωs0In the range of obtain the heavy load impedance of pulse-generator switch.Reactance element Part Z3With shunt capacitance C3Parallel circuit must be at ù0Place has the reactance-jZ of combination0
This circuit causes two series resonances, as Fig. 5 utilizes sideband ω1And ω2As Suo Shichu, said two is connected Resonance is positioned at work frequency domain ω0Below and above.Utilize
,
Pulse generator load admittance is calculated as:
Thus, for high coil quality Q → ∞, series resonance is calculated as:
If, with fixing frequencies omegasPulse generator is made to run, thenThe parallel resonance at place can To be used, in order to
In the case of suppress AM modulation sideband, undesirably.
Coil current is calculated as:
The current transformation ratio is made to be:
In operating frequencyIn the case of, this as one man obtains with formula (2):
It is well known that according to publication [2], it is impossible to be possible frequency band in the case of single series resonance than this Bucking coil series reactance L on broader frequency band1.Series resonant tank C1L1Reactance X in resonant frequencyVicinity Just like lower frequency relation:
The required coil feed voltage demand of deviation raising of appropriateness:
And on pulse generator, cause additional reactive load current:
This is so that must the pulse generator 30 of greater number of parallel connection be necessary.
Ultrasonic pulse generator IC is generally synchronized to clock frequency ωp.It is being suppressed or is being faded out (ausgeblendeten), in the case of carrier wave, pulse mode is in frequencies omega2Below and above produce the AM of frequency spectrum of symmetry Modulation sideband, ω0、2ωp0.This requires the switch clock ω outside the frequency band of magnetic resonance imaging,MRI0.One of sideband (ω1) it is desired frequency spectrum, another (ω2) be chosen at transmitting coil L1In do not have to occur additional loss or Person's electric current (sees at ω2In the case of electric current I switch).If using low pass impedance conversion as illustrated in Figure 3 Device, then desirably, uses switching frequency so that unwanted sideband is positioned near the second input parallel resonance frequency.Connect , this switch clock frequency is at ωpIn the case of should be about 1.2 ω0.Due to pulse generator shunt inductance L3, at ωp- ω0=0.2 ω0The aliased frequency spectrum (Alias-Spektrum) at place is inessential.
Bit pattern controls high frequency output electric current in terms of phase place and amplitude.Predistortion (Vorverzerrung) can be passed through Revise the impact that the spectrum energy in each pulse is distributed.In terms of time and frequency, the numerical optimization to bit pattern is suitable 's.
List of references list
[1] C.G. Brennecke: " Equivalent T and Pi Sections for the Quarter- Wavelength Line ", radio engineering association meeting (Proc. IRE), the 32nd, page 15 to 17, January nineteen forty-four.
[2] R.M. Foster: " A reactance theorem ", Bell System Technical Journal (Bell System Technical Journal), the 3rd, the 2nd phase, page 259 to 267, nineteen twenty-four.

Claims (12)

1., for the transmitting equipment of magnetic resonance imaging,MRI, described transmitting equipment has and is spatially near the transmitting being attached thereto The emitter being arranged, it is characterised in that described emitter is configured to directly be connected with transmitting coil (10) coil (10) High frequency electric source (20,30).
Transmitting equipment the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described high frequency electric source is by voltage source (20) and discrete λ/4 transformator (30) is constituted.
Transmitting equipment the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described discrete λ/4 transformator (30) directly and is sent out Ray circle (10) is connected.
4. according to the transmitting equipment described in Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that described discrete λ/4 transformator (30) is low pass Wave filter or high pass filter or λ/4 circuit or T link.
5. according to the transmitting equipment one of claim 2 to 4 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that transmitting coil (10) and high frequency electric source Being directly connected to of (20,30) is realized by uneven transmission line.
6. according to the transmitting equipment one of claim 2 to 5 Suo Shu, it is characterised in that described voltage source (20) is multiple by having The time switch voltage source of switch element is constituted, and described time switch voltage source is presented by alternating-current voltage source when transmitting equipment runs Electricity.
Transmitting equipment the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the switch element of described time switch voltage source is being sent out Jet device service hours word ground clock is synchronously controlled, thus from temporal pattern and the switch clock of excitation switch element Frequency obtain amplitude modulation.
Transmitting equipment the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that when launching equipment and running, in the case of amplitude modulation Frequency (ω around switch clock0) it is asymmetrically formed two sideband (ω1、ω2), one of wherein said sideband (ω1) it is to launch The frequency band to be launched of coil (10).
Transmitting equipment the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that do not have power when transmitting equipment runs described two Individual sideband (ω1、ω2) another sideband (ω2It is implemented in).
10. according to the transmitting equipment one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterised in that described transmitting coil (10) has inductance (L1) and the capacitor (C of wiring connected in series2), wherein inductance (L1) and capacitor (C2) be adjusted in the way of series resonance.
11. according to the transmitting equipment one of the claims Suo Shu, it is characterised in that when launching equipment and running, flows through and sends out The electric current of ray circle (10) is kept constant, its mode be voltage source (30) feed voltage transmitting coil (10) reactance by In off resonance and/or ohmic add load and change in the case of changing.
12. transmitting equipment according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the change of the feed voltage of described voltage source (20) Occur off resonance and/or ohmic add load in the case of automatically realize.
CN201610106225.4A 2015-02-26 2016-02-26 Transmitting device for magnetic resonance tomography Active CN105929349B (en)

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DE102015203457.7 2015-02-26
DE102015203457.7A DE102015203457A1 (en) 2015-02-26 2015-02-26 Transmitter for a magnetic resonance tomograph

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CN105929349B CN105929349B (en) 2020-01-21

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KR20160104569A (en) 2016-09-05
US20160252593A1 (en) 2016-09-01
DE102015203457A1 (en) 2016-09-01
KR101863891B1 (en) 2018-06-01
CN105929349B (en) 2020-01-21
US10338169B2 (en) 2019-07-02

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