CN105928817A - Method for detecting particles in environment water - Google Patents
Method for detecting particles in environment water Download PDFInfo
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- CN105928817A CN105928817A CN201610265009.4A CN201610265009A CN105928817A CN 105928817 A CN105928817 A CN 105928817A CN 201610265009 A CN201610265009 A CN 201610265009A CN 105928817 A CN105928817 A CN 105928817A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting particles in environment water. The method comprises the following steps: 1, collecting water samples; 2, sampling; 3, determining the water samples; 4, cleaning the determination field; and 5, calculating the concentration of particles in water. When the water samples are determined, the water sample in every beaker undergoes liquid discharge in three layers to increase the liquid discharge volume of the water sample, three filter papers are adopted to increase the filtering area of the water samples and the filter papers, improve the water sample filtering speed, further accelerate the detection speed and improve the detection precision, collecting devices are arranged in an S-shaped manner to make the water samples collected by glass containers have the multi-point, random, equal and representative characteristics and accurately reflect the integral water quality, and detection devices adopted in the invention are common experiment devices, so the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment water detection technique field, be specifically related to a kind of environment water particulate matter detection side
Method.
Background technology
Owing to industrial negative effect is expected that it is unfavorable to prevent, and result in global not by people
Three big crises: shortage of resources, environmental pollution, ecological disruption.Environmental pollution refers to natural or artificial breaking
Bad, in environment, add certain material and exceed the self-purification capacity of environment and produce the behavior of harm.(or by
In artificial factor, environment is polluted by harmful substance, makes the growth and breeding of biology and the normal raw of the mankind
Live adversely affected.) make the composition of environment or state change, under Environmental Quality due to anthropic factor
Fall, thus upset and destroy the phenomenon of the normal working and living condition of ecosystem and the mankind.
And the one of which that water pollution is environmental pollution embodies, water pollution refers to that water body is because of certain material
Get involved, exceeded the self-purification capacity of water body, caused the change of the aspect features such as its physics, chemistry, biology,
Thus have influence on the value of water, it is detrimental to health or destroys ecological environment, causing showing of water quality deterioration
As.
Particulate matter is one of major pollutants in water body, and it is mainly silt particle, clay, organic and mineral
Granule, major part derives from soil and urban street runoff, and topsoil enters water body with silt form, makes
Become water body silt content to increase, thus added the turbidity of water, directly influence presentation quality and the life of water body
Thing stability；Therefore in water, particulate matter is the main removal object that water processes.In water, particulate matter can reduce water quality
Safety and sanitation degree because they are the carriers of various pollutant.The detection of particulate matter has become as at water
An important problem in reason, judges by the particulate matter in quantitative description water body whether the degree of purity of water accords with
Close requirement, find a kind of low cost, the detection environment water granule quality testing that speed is fast, accuracy of detection is high at present
Survey method is the problem being currently needed for solving.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at solving above-mentioned technical problem present in prior art, it is provided that a kind of environment water
Granule detection method, has low cost, the detection feature that speed is fast, accuracy of detection is high.
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of environment water granule detection method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A () gathers water body example: first select 8-12 glass container, then glass container is carried out work
Make, and each glass container is inserted in a set of harvester, then at the feed pathway mouth of harvester
Collection head is set, harvester is installed on bracing frame simultaneously, then according to on-the-spot water body situation, at random
Select a pickup area, then select serpentine to lay mode and harvester is layouted, then will prop up
Support is fixed in water body, and collection head is in 40-60cm below the water surface, when the water body collected in glass container
When exceeding glass container volume 3/4, bracing frame is removed, then glass container is taken out from harvester,
And cover tightly with bottle stopper；
B () samples: the glass container collecting water body example is stood 8-12min, then holds each glass
A beaker joined by device, and beaker carries out the label of 1-N, then by the water body example in each glass container
Pouring the beaker of corresponding label into, the water body example of 400-600ml deposited by each beaker；
C () water body example measures: the volume of the water body example deposited by each beaker recorded in experiment originally,
First No. 1 beaker is carried out water body example mensuration, prepares three filter paper, carry out label A, B, C, respectively
Three filter paper are weighed, and the original weight of every filter paper be recorded in experiment originally, then at No. 1 beaker
A glass is placed on side, then arranges the first filter course at glass rim of a cup, then at the first filter course
On the first drain pipe is set, and capping is set in the bottom of the first drain pipe, then A filter paper is arranged on
On first filter course, then the second filter course is set at the first filter course, then on the second filter course, arranges
Two drain pipes, and the bottom of the second drain pipe is connected with the top of the first drain pipe, then by B filter paper
It is arranged on the second filter course, then the 3rd filter course is set at the second filter course, then on the 3rd filter course
3rd drain pipe is set, and the bottom of the 3rd drain pipe is connected with the top of the second drain pipe, then by C
Number filter paper is arranged on the 3rd filter course, then pours No. 1 beaker with funnel into from the top of the 3rd drain pipe
Water body example, the process of pouring into guarantees that water body example arrives at the 3/4 of the 3rd drain pipe, until the water of No. 1 beaker
Till body sample is finished down, then with clear water, No. 1 beaker is carried out, and cleanout fluid is poured into from funnel,
Then successively remove the 3rd filter course, the second filter course and the first filter course, take out respectively with tweezers A, B,
No. C three filter paper, and three filter paper are put in drying baker, drying baker keeps 100-110 DEG C to three filter paper
It is dried 1-2h, then three filter paper is taken out, and weigh, the weight record of dried every filter paper
In experiment originally and corresponding with original weight, complete No. 1 beaker water body sample determination, 2-N beaker of water
Body sample determination and No. 1 beaker water body sample determination method are identical；
D () cleaning measures scene；
E () aquatic particle concentration calculates: 1-N beaker water body sample determination data carry out aquatic particle
Concentration calculates, and 1-N aquatic particle concentration is fabricated to broken line graph, analyzes No. 1-N for broken line graph
Aquatic particle concentration, then averages to 1-N aquatic particle concentration, and using mean concentration as
The index of this aquatic particle.
Further, step (a) gathers in water body example, adjacent two harvesters layout between distance control
System is at 0.5-1.0m.
Further, step (a) gathers in water body example, to glass container cleaning work for being soaked by glass container
Bubble 10min in acetic acid, then with banister brush brush glass container inwall, then glass container is rinsed dry with clear water
Only, then the glass container rinsed well is placed on Indoor Natural and is dried, remove and be difficult to bottom glass container
The dirt removed.
Further, the experimental apparatus that step (d) cleaning mensuration scene is specially used in mensuration process is used clear
Water rinses, and flushing process coordinates banister brush, the experimental apparatus natural drying after then cleaning, and will be dried
After experimental apparatus store classifiedly.
Due to the fact that and have employed technique scheme, have the advantages that
1, the present invention select 8-12 glass container for gathering water body example, and according to on-the-spot water body situation,
Randomly choose a pickup area, select serpentine to lay mode and harvester is layouted, such glass
The water body example that container collects has multiple spot, random, the feature of equivalent, and the water body example collected has
Representative, the water quality situation that water body is overall can be reacted exactly；
2, the glass container collecting water body example is stood 8-12min by the present invention so that is immersed in glass and holds
The uneven solid deposits of device, because such uneven solid matter is not belonging to the particulate matter of detection, this
Sample, can be by the bottom of glass container when the water body example in each glass container is poured in the beaker of corresponding label
The uneven solid matter of portion's precipitation removes, and gets rid of the impact on testing result of the uneven solid deposits,
Improving accuracy of detection, beaker carries out the label of 1-N simultaneously, does not haves detection data during detection
Obscure, improve detection speed；
3, the present invention is when measuring water body example, and the water body example in each beaker divides three layers to go out liquid, and one
Part water body example is trickled down on A filter paper by the liquid outlet on the first drain pipe, a part of water body example
Trickling down on B filter paper by the liquid outlet on the second drain pipe, a part of water body example goes out liquid by the 3rd
Liquid outlet on pipe is trickled down on C filter paper, so can increase water body example liquid outlet quantity, use three simultaneously
Filter paper, increases the filter area of water body example and filter paper, improves the rate of filtration to water body example, further
Accelerate detection speed, also can improve accuracy of detection simultaneously；
4,1-N beaker water body particle concentration is fabricated to broken line graph by the present invention, analyzes 1-N for broken line graph
Number beaker water body particle concentration, excessive or too small for aquatic particle concentration, should remove it, reduce
Impact on overall aquatic particle concentration, then averages to 1-N beaker water body particle concentration,
And using mean concentration as the index of this aquatic particle, this mean concentration has high reference value；
5, the common experiment equipment that the used detecting instrument of the present invention all comes, can reduce cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the present invention a kind of environment water granule detection method；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that in the present invention, harvester is arranged；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that in the present invention, water body example measures.
Detailed description of the invention
The scope of application of the present invention: be applicable to the detection of environment water particulate matter.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, a kind of environment water granule detection method, comprise the steps:
A () gathers water body example: first select 8-12 glass container, then glass container is carried out work
Make, be specially and glass container is immersed in about 10min in acetic acid, then with banister brush brush glass container inwall,
Then with clear water, glass container is rinsed well, then the glass container rinsed well is placed on Indoor Natural
It is dried, removes the dirt being difficult to remove bottom glass container.
Each glass container 1 is nested in a set of harvester 2, then the feed pathway at harvester 2
Collection head 3 is set at Kou, harvester 2 is installed on bracing frame 4 simultaneously.Then according to on-the-spot water body feelings
Condition, randomly chooses a pickup area, then selects serpentine to lay mode and layouts harvester 2,
Adjacent two harvesters layout between distance controlling at 0.5-1.0m.Then bracing frame 4 is fixed to water body
In, collection head 3 is in 40-60cm below the water surface, holds when the water body collected in glass container 1 exceedes glass
During device 1 volume 3/4, bracing frame 4 is removed, then glass container 1 is taken out from harvester 2, and
Cover tightly with bottle stopper.The water body example collected should detect for aquatic particle in sky.
B () samples: the glass container collecting water body example is stood 8-12min, then holds each glass
A beaker joined by device, and beaker carries out the label of 1-N, and N is the natural number more than or equal to 8.Then will
Water body example in each glass container pours the beaker of corresponding label into, and 400-600ml deposited by each beaker
Water body example.Cannot be carried out detecting work if run into, the water body example collected can be placed into 4 DEG C
In cold room, the longest must not exceed seven days, and water body example must not add any protective agent, to prevent brokenly
Bad material partition equilibrium between solid, liquid.
C () water body example measures: the volume of the water body example deposited by each beaker recorded in experiment originally,
Represent with volume V.First No. 1 beaker is carried out water body example mensuration, prepares three filter paper, carry out label
Three filter paper are weighed by A, B, C respectively, and be recorded by the original weight of every filter paper in experiment originally,
It is recorded as HA、HB、HC.Then a glass 5 is placed on No. 1 beaker side, then in 5 glasss of glass
First filter course 6 is set at Kou, then the first drain pipe 7 is set on the first filter course 6, and goes out first
The bottom of liquid pipe 7 arranges capping 8, is then arranged on the first filter course 6 by A filter paper.Then
The upper end of one filter course 6 arranges the second filter course 9, then arranges the second drain pipe 10 on the second filter course 9,
And the bottom of the second drain pipe 10 is connected with the top of the first drain pipe 7, then B filter paper is arranged on
On second filter course 9.Then the upper end at the second filter course 9 arranges the 3rd filter course 11, then in the 3rd mistake
3rd drain pipe 12 is set on filtering layer 11, and by the top of the bottom of the 3rd drain pipe 12 Yu the second drain pipe 10
End connection, is then arranged on C filter paper on the 3rd filter course 11, then goes out liquid with funnel 13 from the 3rd
The water body example of No. 1 beaker is poured on the top of pipe 12 into, and the process of pouring into guarantees that water body example arrives the 3rd drain pipe
At the 3/4 of 12, till the water body example of No. 1 beaker is finished down.Then with clear water, No. 1 beaker is carried out
Clean, and cleanout fluid is poured into from funnel 13, then successively remove the 3rd filter course the 11, second filter course 9
With the first filter course 6, take out A, B, No. C three filter paper with tweezers respectively, and three filter paper are put into dry
In dry case, drying baker keeps 100-110 DEG C and three filter paper is dried 1-2h.Then three filter paper are taken out, and
Weigh, the impact on weighing of the exhaust apparatus such as air-conditioning should be avoided as far as possible.The weight of dried every filter paper
Amount recorded in experiment originally, is recorded as FA、FB、FC, and corresponding with original weight, complete No. 1 beaker
Water body example measures, and 2-N beaker water body sample determination and No. 1 beaker water body sample determination method are identical.
During water body example measures, it is likely to be due to particulate matter in water body and too much causes filter paper filtering difficulty,
Cause filtration time to extend, for this situation, can suitably increase filter course, drain pipe and filter paper, so
Filtration contact area can be increased, the problem solving filter paper filtering difficulty.
D () cleaning measures scene: the experimental apparatus clear water used in mensuration process rinses, flushing process
Coordinate banister brush, the experimental apparatus natural drying after then cleaning, and dried experimental apparatus is classified
Depositing, experimental apparatus is laboratory conventional instrument, low cost.
E () aquatic particle concentration calculates: 1-N beaker water body sample determination data carry out aquatic particle
Concentration calculates, and computing formula is C=((FA-HA)+(FB-HB)+(FC-HC))*106/ V, wherein V
For the volume of the water body example that beaker is deposited, units/ml；HA、HB、HCIt is respectively the original of every filter paper
Weight, unit is g；FA、FB、FCFor the weight of dried every filter paper, unit is g；C is this number
Particle concentration in beaker water body example, unit is mg/L.1-N beaker water body example is all used formula meter
Calculate particle concentration.
1-N aquatic particle concentration is fabricated to broken line graph, analyzes 1-N water body granule for broken line graph
Substrate concentration, then averages to 1-N aquatic particle concentration, and using mean concentration as this water body
The index of grain thing.
The laboratory cleanliness factor of present invention detection has to comply with requirement, prevents because of dust in air, particulate matter
Factor causes the weight increased in sample filtering.And operator are during whole detection, it is necessary to carefully,
Conscientiously, duty is washed one's hands, it is to avoid because the reason of individual causes the error on weighing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied as: the present invention selects 8-12 glass container for gathering water body sample
Product, and according to on-the-spot water body situation, randomly choose a pickup area, select serpentine to lay mode to adopting
Acquisition means is layouted, and the water body example that such glass container collects has multiple spot, random, the spy of equivalent
Point, the water body example collected is representative, can react the water quality situation that water body is overall exactly.This
Invent and the glass container collecting water body example is stood 8-12min so that be immersed in the uneven of glass container
Solid deposits, because such uneven solid matter is not belonging to the particulate matter of detection, so when each glass
When water body example in glass container is poured in the beaker of corresponding label, can by glass container bottom precipitation not
Homogeneous solid material removes, and gets rid of the impact on testing result of the uneven solid deposits, improves detection essence
Degree, beaker carries out the label of 1-N simultaneously, does not haves obscuring of detection data, improve during detection
Detection speed.The present invention is when measuring water body example, and the water body example in each beaker divides three layers to go out liquid,
A part of water body example is trickled down on A filter paper by the liquid outlet on the first drain pipe, a part of water body sample
Product are trickled down on B filter paper by the liquid outlet on the second drain pipe, and a part of water body example goes out by the 3rd
Liquid outlet on liquid pipe is trickled down on C filter paper, so can increase water body example liquid outlet quantity, use three simultaneously
Open filter paper, increase the filter area of water body example and filter paper, improve the rate of filtration to water body example, enter one
Step accelerates detection speed, also can improve accuracy of detection simultaneously.The present invention is by dense for 1-N beaker aquatic particle
Degree is fabricated to broken line graph, analyzes 1-N beaker water body particle concentration for broken line graph, for water body granule
Substrate concentration is excessive or too small, should remove it, and reduces the impact on overall aquatic particle concentration, the most right
1-N beaker water body particle concentration is averaged, and using mean concentration as the index of this aquatic particle,
This mean concentration has high reference value.The common tester that the used detecting instrument of the present invention all comes
Material, can reduce cost.
These are only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical characteristic of the present invention is not limited thereto.Any
Based on the present invention, for solving essentially identical technical problem, it is achieved essentially identical technique effect, institute
Simple change, equivalent or the modifications etc. made, are all covered by among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. an environment water granule detection method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A () gathers water body example: first select 8-12 glass container, then glass container is carried out work
Make, and each glass container is inserted in a set of harvester, then the feed pathway at harvester
Collection head is set at Kou, harvester is installed on bracing frame simultaneously, then according to on-the-spot water body feelings
Condition, randomly chooses a pickup area, then selects serpentine to lay mode and harvester is carried out cloth
Point, is then fixed to bracing frame in water body, and collection head is in 40-60cm below the water surface, when glass holds
When the water body collected in device exceedes glass container volume 3/4, bracing frame is removed, then glass is held
Device takes out from harvester, and covers tightly with bottle stopper；
B () samples: the glass container collecting water body example is stood 8-12min, then to each glass container
Join a beaker, and beaker is carried out the label of 1-N, then by the water body example in each glass container
Pouring the beaker of corresponding label into, the water body example of 400-600ml deposited by each beaker；
C () water body example measures: the volume of the water body example deposited by each beaker recorded in experiment originally,
First No. 1 beaker is carried out water body example mensuration, prepares three filter paper, carry out label A, B, C, point
Other three filter paper are weighed, and the original weight of every filter paper be recorded experiment on this, then at No. 1
A glass is placed on beaker side, then arranges the first filter course at glass rim of a cup, then the
First drain pipe is set on one filter course, and capping is set in the bottom of the first drain pipe, then by No. A
Filter paper is arranged on the first filter course, then arranges the second filter course at the first filter course, then second
Second drain pipe is set on filter course, and the top of the bottom of the second drain pipe with the first drain pipe is connected
Logical, then B filter paper is arranged on the second filter course, then the 3rd filtration is set at the second filter course
Layer, then the 3rd drain pipe is set on the 3rd filter course, and the bottom of the 3rd drain pipe is gone out with second
The top connection of liquid pipe, is then arranged on C filter paper on the 3rd filter course, then with funnel from the 3rd
The water body example of No. 1 beaker is poured on the top of drain pipe into, and the process of pouring into guarantees that water body example arrives the 3rd and goes out
At the 3/4 of liquid pipe, till the water body example of No. 1 beaker is finished down, then with clear water, No. 1 beaker is entered
Row cleans, and is poured into from funnel by cleanout fluid, then successively removes the 3rd filter course, the second filter course
With the first filter course, take out A, B, No. C three filter paper with tweezers respectively, and three filter paper are put into
In drying baker, drying baker keeps 100-110 DEG C and three filter paper is dried 1-2h, is then taken by three filter paper
Going out, and weigh, the weight of dried every filter paper recorded in experiment originally, and heavy with original
Measure corresponding, complete No. 1 beaker water body sample determination, 2-N beaker water body sample determination and No. 1 beaker
Water body example assay method is identical；
D () cleaning measures scene；
E () aquatic particle concentration calculates: 1-N beaker water body sample determination data carry out aquatic particle
Concentration calculates, and 1-N beaker water body particle concentration is fabricated to broken line graph, for broken line graph analysis
1-N beaker water body particle concentration, then averages to 1-N beaker water body particle concentration,
And using mean concentration as the index of this aquatic particle.
A kind of environment water granule detection method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (a)
Gather in water body example, adjacent two harvesters layout between distance controlling at 0.5-1.0m.
A kind of environment water granule detection method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (a)
Gather in water body example, to glass container cleaning work for glass container being immersed in 10min in acetic acid,
Again with banister brush brush glass container inwall, then with clear water, glass container is rinsed well, then will punching
The glass container of wash clean is placed on Indoor Natural and is dried.
A kind of environment water granule detection method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step (d)
Cleaning measures scene and is specially the experimental apparatus clear water flushing used in mensuration process, flushing process
Cooperation banister brush, the experimental apparatus natural drying after then cleaning, and by dried experimental apparatus
Store classifiedly.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610265009.4A CN105928817A (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | Method for detecting particles in environment water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610265009.4A CN105928817A (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | Method for detecting particles in environment water |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105928817A true CN105928817A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
Family
ID=56837310
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| CN201610265009.4A Pending CN105928817A (en) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | Method for detecting particles in environment water |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109521172A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-26 | 苏州新派特信息科技有限公司 | A kind of analogy method of the bioturbation effect using the flat red filaria of spiral shell prevention and control |
| CN112858078A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Method and system for measuring elution amount of different particles on plant leaf surface by simulating rainfall |
-
2016
- 2016-04-25 CN CN201610265009.4A patent/CN105928817A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109521172A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-26 | 苏州新派特信息科技有限公司 | A kind of analogy method of the bioturbation effect using the flat red filaria of spiral shell prevention and control |
| CN112858078A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 贵州省林业科学研究院 | Method and system for measuring elution amount of different particles on plant leaf surface by simulating rainfall |
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Application publication date: 20160907 |