CN105927365B - 一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统 - Google Patents

一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统 Download PDF

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CN105927365B
CN105927365B CN201610339847.1A CN201610339847A CN105927365B CN 105927365 B CN105927365 B CN 105927365B CN 201610339847 A CN201610339847 A CN 201610339847A CN 105927365 B CN105927365 B CN 105927365B
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李向荣
杨伟
陈彦林
赵伟华
刘福水
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0618Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion
    • F02B23/063Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston having in-cylinder means to influence the charge motion the combustion space in the piston interacting fluid dynamically with the cylinder head, the injector body or the cylinder wall
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0678Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00Other engines
    • F02B75/16Engines characterised by number of cylinders, e.g. single-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/18Multi-cylinder engines
    • F02B75/24Multi-cylinder engines with cylinders arranged oppositely relative to main shaft and of "flat" type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00Pistons 
    • F02F3/26Pistons  having combustion chamber in piston head
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统,该系统包括喷油器、进气活塞和排气活塞;进气活塞和排气活塞的顶面的下凹部为弧形缺口,弧形缺口的底面为锥形面,锥形面朝向活塞顶面方向;锥形面的大端到弧形缺口顶面之间的区域由两个连续内凹的周向弧形面过渡形成双卷弧脊,与锥形面相邻的弧形面与锥形面共同构成外室型面,与锥形面相隔的弧形面为外室型面,进气活塞和排气活塞上内室型面合围形成的空间为内室,外室型面合围形成的空间为外室;喷油器设置在进气活塞和排气活塞之间且对应下凹部锥形面的顶点处。本发明能够提高空气利用率,加快燃油和空气的混合速度,以此来改善对置活塞发动机的燃烧及排放性能。

Description

一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机的燃烧系统,具体涉及一种对置活塞发动机的燃烧系统,属于内燃机结构技术领域。
背景技术
对置活塞柴油机可以有效地改善燃烧性能和排放特性。与传统柴油机相比,对置活塞柴油机突出的问题依然是燃油的分布、扩散和混合。提高燃烧室空间的利用率、加快燃油和空气的混合速度都可以有效地改善柴油机的动力性、经济性和排放性。
柴油机中应用了各种方法来改善燃油、空气、燃烧室的匹配,从而提高发动机燃烧及排放性能,但这些技术在一定程度上仍存在油气分布不均、空气利用率不高等问题。现有的对置活塞柴油机中的进气活塞和排气活塞顶面均为内凹的球面,其结构如图3所示,由进气活塞和排气活塞的顶面合围而成的燃烧室则形成了扁球型结构,如图1所示,燃烧室分成A区和B区,A区为燃烧室的中心区域,B为燃烧室的边缘区域。从图2中可以看出,B区域的体积约占到燃烧室体积的0.25~0.5倍。由于对置活塞柴油机从侧面喷射使得油束在轴向截面的分布范围一般为0°~60°,因而导致B区域的空气利用率下降。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统,该燃烧系统通过进、排气活塞上的双卷型面和气缸壁围成的燃烧室为核心,能够提高空气利用率,加快燃油和空气的混合速度,以此来改善对置活塞发动机的燃烧及排放性能。
一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统,该系统包括喷油器、进气活塞和排气活塞;
所述进气活塞和排气活塞的顶面对称地设有径向的下凹部,下凹部在进气活塞和排气活塞上形成一个与外圆柱面相贯后形成的弧形缺口,弧形缺口的底面为锥形面,锥形面朝向进气活塞和排气活塞顶面的方向;锥形面的大端到弧形缺口顶面之间的区域由两个连续内凹的周向弧形面过渡形成双卷弧脊,与锥形面相邻的弧形面与锥形面共同构成外室型面,与内室型面相隔的弧形面为内室型面,进气活塞和排气活塞上内室型面合围形成的空间为内室,外室型面合围形成的空间为外室;喷油器设置在进气活塞和排气活塞之间且对应下凹部锥形面的顶点处。
进一步地,所述内室的底边长度L1=(0.35~0.43)D,内室深度H1=(0.09~0.11)D,内室圆弧半径r2=(0.06~0.08)D,D为进气活塞或排气活塞的直径。
进一步地,所述外室的圆锥面锥角α=60°~72°,外室底边长L2=(0.23~0.32)D,外室深度H2=(0.10~0.14)D;外室圆弧半径r2=(0.045~0.083)D,外室高度H2要大于内室高度H1。
进一步地,所述喷油器的喷孔设计成两排,一排对应进气活塞的双卷弧脊,一排对应的排气活塞的双卷弧脊;喷油器单排孔数为3~4束;油束夹角:横向截面的两个油束间的夹角为β=30°~40°,纵向截面的油束夹角为α1=69°~75°。
有益效果:
本发明通过设计双卷型面促使燃油撞击双卷型面弧脊后沿燃烧室壁面分别向内室和外室扩散,外室的圆锥面可以将空气约束到燃油分布较多的燃烧室中部,充分利用燃烧室空间内的空气,有效改善了燃烧过程,提高了发动机的经济性、动力性和排放性能。
附图说明
图1为现有扁球型燃烧室及其活塞结构示意图;
图2为扁球型燃烧室中心区域和边缘区域的划分示意图;
图3为扁球型燃烧室中进气活塞和排气活塞的三维结构示意图;
图4为本发明提供的对置双卷燃烧室及其活塞示意图;
图5为本发明进气活塞或排气活塞或的三维结构示意图;
图6为对置双卷燃烧室的结构参数;
图7为对置双卷燃烧室的三维模型;
图8为扁球型燃烧室和对置双卷燃烧室指示功率对比图;
图9为扁球型燃烧室和对置双卷燃烧室缸内平均压力曲线;
图10为扁球型燃烧室和对置双卷燃烧室缸内平均温度曲线;
图11为扁球型燃烧室和对置双卷燃烧室瞬时放热率曲线;
图12为扁球型燃烧室和对置双卷燃烧室累计放热量曲线;
图13为扁球型燃烧室和对置双卷燃烧室Soot质量分数对比曲线
其中,1-喷油器、2-进气活塞、3-排气活塞、4-双卷型面、4a-内室型面、4b-外室型面、5-内室、6-外室。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举实施例,对本发明进行详细描述。
如附图4和5所示,本发明提供了一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统,该系统包括喷油器1、进气活塞2和排气活塞3;
进气活塞2和排气活塞3的顶面对称地设有径向的下凹部,下凹部在进气活塞2和排气活塞3上形成一个与外圆柱面相贯后形成的弧形缺口,弧形缺口的底面为锥形面,锥形面朝向进气活塞2和排气活塞3顶面的方向;锥形面的大端到弧形缺口顶面之间的区域由两个连续内凹的周向弧形面过渡形成双卷弧脊,与锥形面相邻的弧形面和锥形面共同构成外室型面4b,与锥形面相隔的弧形面为内室型面4a,进气活塞2和排气活塞3上内室型面4a合围形成的空间为内室5,外室型面4b合围形成的空间为外室6;如附图6所示,喷油器1设置在进气活塞2和排气活塞3之间且对应下凹部锥形面的顶点处。
附图7为对置侧卷燃烧室的三维模型,对应从进气活塞2和排气活塞3加工掉的多余部分。
如附图6所示,内室的底边长度L1=(0.35~0.43)D,内室深度H1=(0.09~0.11)D,内室圆弧半径r2=(0.06~0.08)D,D为进气活塞或排气活塞的直径。
外室的圆锥面锥角α=60°~72°,外室底边长L2=(0.23~0.32)D,外室深度H2=(0.10~0.14)D;外室圆弧半径r2=(0.045~0.083)D,外室高度H2要大于内室高度H1。
喷油器的喷孔设计成两排,一排对应进气活塞的双卷弧脊,一排对应的排气活塞的双卷弧脊;喷油器单排孔数为3束;油束夹角:横向截面的两个油束间的夹角为β=30°~40°,纵向截面的油束夹角为α1=69°~75°。
双卷型面4可以促使燃油撞击弧脊后分成两束油分别沿内室型面4a和外室型面4b向内室5和外室6卷动,有利于提高燃烧室空间的利用,以及加快燃烧室内空气的流动。双卷型面4的外室型面4b有助于缩小无燃油空间容积,使得空气集中到燃油分布较多的位置。
分别建立相同压缩比条件下的对置双卷燃烧室及扁球型燃烧室的CFD三维网格模型,进行仿真计算对比,三维建模中建立近乎同等网格条件下的两种燃烧室进行计算以便加以比较,其他计算设置相同。由此得到两种燃烧室的指示功率、缸内平均压力、缸内平均温度、瞬时放热率、累积放热量、Soot质量分数对比图。
图8为对置双卷燃烧室和扁球型燃烧室的指示功率对比图。经计算,从进气口关闭到排气口打开的计算时间段内,对置双卷燃烧室和扁球型燃烧室的指示功率分别为72.39kW和71.43kW,对置双卷燃烧室的功率比扁球型燃烧室高1.34%。
图9为对置双卷燃烧室和扁球型燃烧室缸内平均压力图,从图中可以看出,对置双卷燃烧室最大缸内平均压力可达到78.9bar,而扁球型燃烧室为70.2bar。在整个燃烧过程中,对置双卷燃烧室的缸内平均压力比扁球型燃烧室缸内平均压力高。
图10为对置双卷燃烧室和扁球型燃烧室缸内平均温度图,从图中可以看出,169°CA前的缸内平均温度相差不大,169°CA到220°CA时,对置双卷燃烧室平均温度高于扁球型燃烧室,但220°CA后其燃烧平均温度低于扁球型燃烧室,说明对置双卷燃烧室前期燃烧快。
图11和图12分别为两种燃烧室的瞬时放热率及累积放热量曲线,在燃烧放热初期扁球型燃烧室的燃烧瞬时放热率基本一致,而从168°CA开始对置双卷燃烧室放热较快出现高于扁球型燃烧室的放热峰值。随后对置双卷燃烧室在168°CA到182°CA这段时间内有较高的燃烧放热率,使其在累计放热量上高于扁球型燃烧室,从累计放热量上看对置双卷燃烧室大于扁球型燃烧室。
图13为对置双卷燃烧室和扁球型燃烧室的Soot质量分数曲线,从图中可以看出,在整个燃烧过程中,对置双卷燃烧室的Soot比扁球型燃烧室排放的Soot低,说明对置双卷燃烧室燃烧的比较充分。
综上所述,以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统,其特征在于,该系统包括喷油器、进气活塞和排气活塞;
所述进气活塞和排气活塞的顶面对称地设有径向的下凹部,下凹部在进气活塞和排气活塞上形成一个与外圆柱面相贯后形成的弧形缺口,弧形缺口的底面为锥形面,锥形面朝向进气活塞和排气活塞顶面的方向;锥形面的大端到弧形缺口顶面之间的区域由两个连续内凹的周向弧形面过渡形成双卷弧脊,与锥形面相邻的弧形面与锥形面共同构成外室型面,与内室型面相隔的弧形面为内室型面,进气活塞和排气活塞上内室型面合围形成的空间为内室,外室型面合围形成的空间为外室;喷油器设置在进气活塞和排气活塞之间且对应下凹部锥形面的顶点处;
所述内室的底边长度L1=(0.35~0.43)D,内室深度H1=(0.09~0.11)D,内室圆弧半径r2=(0.06~0.08)D,D为进气活塞或排气活塞的直径;
所述外室的圆锥面锥角α=60°~72°,外室底边长L2=(0.23~0.32)D,外室深度H2=(0.10~0.14)D;外室圆弧半径r2=(0.045~0.083)D,外室高度H2要大于内室高度H1。
2.如权利要求1所述的对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统,其特征在于,所述喷油器的喷孔设计成两排,一排对应进气活塞的双卷弧脊,一排对应的排气活塞的双卷弧脊;喷油器单排孔数为3~4束;油束夹角:横向截面的两个油束间的夹角为β=30°~40°,纵向截面的油束夹角为α1=69°~75°。
CN201610339847.1A 2016-05-20 2016-05-20 一种对置活塞发动机的双卷燃烧系统 Active CN105927365B (zh)

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