CN105926097B - Flame retardant yarn/fabric/garment - Google Patents

Flame retardant yarn/fabric/garment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105926097B
CN105926097B CN201610460062.XA CN201610460062A CN105926097B CN 105926097 B CN105926097 B CN 105926097B CN 201610460062 A CN201610460062 A CN 201610460062A CN 105926097 B CN105926097 B CN 105926097B
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percent
yarn
cellulose
flame
polyimide
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CN105926097A (en
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杨宁宇
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Sinoppe Beijing Co ltd
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Sinoppe Beijing Co ltd
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Priority to CN201610460062.XA priority Critical patent/CN105926097B/en
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Priority to US15/534,429 priority patent/US20180057973A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/102585 priority patent/WO2017219551A1/en
Priority to CA2973081A priority patent/CA2973081C/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/443—Heat-resistant, fireproof or flame-retardant yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/513—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads heat-resistant or fireproof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/533—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads antistatic; electrically conductive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/10—Inorganic fibres based on non-oxides other than metals
    • D10B2101/12—Carbon; Pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
    • D10B2201/20—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres
    • D10B2201/22—Cellulose-derived artificial fibres made from cellulose solutions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/10—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide
    • D10B2321/101—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polymers of unsaturated nitriles, e.g. polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene cyanide modacrylic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/14—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/04—Heat-responsive characteristics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments

Abstract

The invention provides flame-retardant yarn/fabric/clothing, which comprises the following three fibers in percentage by mass, wherein the percentage is based on the sum of the following three fibers: modified polyacrylonitrile: 20 to 80 percent; cellulose: 10% -50%; polyimide (I): 1 to 50 percent. The tests for flame retardancy of the flame retardant yarns, fabrics or garments provided by the invention were all carried out according to the vertical flame test in GB/T5455-2014, with a measured damage length of less than 150mm, or less than 100mm, or less than 50 mm. The damage length is reduced in different degrees, so that different flame retardant requirements are met.

Description

Flame retardant yarn/fabric/garment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of chemical engineering, spinning and labor protection, in particular to a yarn/fabric/garment suitable for providing flame retardance.
Background
In the prior art, the physical and chemical properties of the three fibers of the modified polyacrylonitrile, the cellulose fiber and the polyimide are very different, and manufacturers are also very different, so that it is difficult to completely understand and master the properties of the three fibers and carry out proper mixed processing. Modacrylic/lyocell (a type of cellulosic fiber)/aramid products are available on the U.S. market; he company has patented modacrylic/cotton/aramid but actually has no quantitative production. The denatured polyacrylonitrile generates flame-retardant gas during combustion, oxygen can be blocked, the mixture is integrally flame-retardant, a certain amount of acid steam is generated, and due to the fact that the acid resistance of the aramid is not strong, the phenomenon that the combustion damage length of the fabric is not ideal or unstable can occur. The polyimide fiber is expensive, has wide application in the field of aerospace, and has strong radiation resistance, good acid and alkali resistance, and good heat resistance and heat insulation. In recent years, the fiber has developed well in China and gradually starts to enter the civil field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the damaged length of the fabric can be shortened after vertical combustion by mixing the modacrylic/the cellulose/the polyimide according to a certain proportion, and the modacrylic/the cellulose/the polyimide flame retardant is suitable for providing flame retardant yarns/fabrics/clothes.
A yarn suitable for providing flame retardancy comprising three fibers in the following mass ratios, the percentages being based on the sum of the masses of the three fibers:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 20 to 80 percent;
cellulose: 10% -50%;
polyimide (I): 1 to 50 percent.
The flame-retardant yarn provided by the invention comprises the following three fibers in percentage by mass, wherein the percentage is based on the mass of the yarn:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25% -75%;
cellulose: 15% -45%;
polyimide (I): 2 to 45 percent.
The invention provides a flame-retardant yarn, which contains antistatic short fibers or filaments.
The invention provides a flame-retardant yarn, which contains antistatic short fibers.
The invention provides a flame-retardant yarn, wherein an antistatic component in the antistatic short fiber is carbon or metal.
The invention provides a flame-retardant yarn, wherein the antistatic component is carbon.
The invention provides flame-retardant yarn, wherein the content of acrylonitrile in Modacrylic (Modacrylic) is 35-85%, and the Modacrylic comprises a copolymer of vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile, or a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, or a copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile. The modified polyacrylonitrile contains 40-60% of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride or the sum of the vinyl chloride and the vinylidene chloride, has better flame retardance when the acrylonitrile accounts for 35-55%, and contains 0.5-1% of dyeing groups containing sulfonic groups. The modified polyacrylonitrile also comprises modified polyacrylonitrile containing antimony oxide of one or more of antimony trioxide, antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, and the flame retardance is better when the content of the antimony oxide accounts for more than 2.5% of the mass ratio of the modified polyacrylonitrile.
Modacrylic has a limiting oxygen index, LOI, of 28-33 (LOI is the percentage of the minimum oxygen content required to sustain combustion, generally about 20% oxygen in air, LOI below 20 is non-flame retardant, above 26 is flame retardant, above 40 is non-combustible). After being ignited, the flame retardant gas which is heavier than air is released, and the contact between the non-flame retardant substance and oxygen is blocked, so that the flame retardance of surrounding objects can be increased. The fiber has high flame retardance but poor temperature resistance and dimensional stability. The content effect of the modified polyacrylonitrile accounting for 20-80% of the mixture is obvious. If the modified polyacrylonitrile is less than 20 percent, the generated flame-retardant gas is insufficient, and the overall flame retardance of the mixture cannot be ensured; if the content of modacrylic exceeds 80%, the mixture has insufficient heat resistance, and when the mixture is burned vertically, the burned portion is torn due to heat shrinkage, and the damaged length is increased, so that the modacrylic is excessively increased, and the amount of inexpensive cellulose fibers added is reduced, which is disadvantageous in cost control. The modified polyacrylonitrile accounts for 25 to 75 percent of the mixture, and the flame retardance is better.
The invention provides flame-retardant yarn, wherein the molecular structural formula of Polyimide (Polyimide) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001025829860000021
wherein, the double (-CO-N-CO-) is a core structure, and the mass ratio is more than 50%. The decomposition temperature is above 500 ℃, the paint is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, the flame retardance is high, the LOI value is above 36, the heat insulation performance is good, the thermal stability is good, and the application in the aerospace field is wide due to strong radiation resistance.
The invention provides flame-retardant yarn, wherein the molecular structural formula of cellulose is as follows:
Figure BDA0001025829860000031
the cellulose of the present invention is composed of D-glucopyranosyl (anhydroglucose). Simple molecular formula is (C)6H10O5)nThe specific forms include Cotton (Cotton), hemp, Viscose (Viscose, Rayon), Lyocell (Lyocell), bamboo fiber, wood fiber and other fibers derived from plant cellulose, and the fibers are characterized by good water absorption and being friendly to human body. The LOI value is 17-19, and the fiber belongs to non-flame-retardant fibers.
The flame-retardant yarn provided by the invention further comprises various fibers such as terylene, nylon 66, meta-aramid, polyaryl oxadiazole, acrylon, wool, rabbit hair, silk, carbon-containing antistatic components, metal-containing antistatic components and the like which do not influence the effect of the flame-retardant yarn.
A fabric suitable for providing flame retardancy comprising three fibres in the following mass ratios, the percentages being based on the sum of the masses of the three fibres:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 20 to 80 percent;
cellulose: 10% -50%;
polyimide (I): 1 to 50 percent.
The fabric suitable for providing flame retardance comprises the following three fibers in mass ratio, wherein the percentage is based on the mass of the fabric:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25% -75%;
cellulose: 15% -45%;
polyimide (I): 2 to 45 percent.
The fabrics of the present invention suitable for providing flame retardancy have a length to failure of less than 150mm as measured in accordance with GB/T5455-2014.
The fabrics of the present invention suitable for providing flame retardancy have a length to failure of less than 100mm as measured in accordance with GB/T5455-2014.
The fabrics suitable for providing flame retardancy of the present invention have a length to failure of less than 50mm as measured in accordance with GB/T5455-2014.
The fabric suitable for providing flame retardancy of the present invention comprises an antistatic component.
The invention provides a flame-retardant fabric, wherein the acrylonitrile content in Modacrylic (Modacrylic) is 35-85%, and the Modacrylic comprises a copolymer of vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile, a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, or a copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile. The modified polyacrylonitrile contains 40-60% of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride or the sum of the vinyl chloride and the vinylidene chloride, has better flame retardance when the acrylonitrile accounts for 35-55%, and contains 0.5-1% of dyeing groups containing sulfonic groups. The modified polyacrylonitrile also comprises modified polyacrylonitrile containing antimony oxide of one or more of antimony trioxide, antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, and the flame retardance is better when the content of the antimony oxide accounts for more than 2.5% of the mass ratio of the modified polyacrylonitrile.
The LOI value of the modified polyacrylonitrile is 28-33. After being ignited, the flame retardant gas which is heavier than air is released, and the contact between the non-flame retardant substance and oxygen is blocked, so that the flame retardance of surrounding objects can be increased. The fiber has high flame retardance but poor temperature resistance and dimensional stability. The content effect of the modified polyacrylonitrile accounting for 20-80% of the mixture is obvious. If the modified polyacrylonitrile is less than 20 percent, the generated flame-retardant gas is insufficient, and the overall flame retardance of the mixture cannot be ensured; if the content of modacrylic exceeds 80%, the mixture has insufficient heat resistance, and when the mixture is burned vertically, the burned portion is torn due to heat shrinkage, and the damaged length is increased, so that the modacrylic is excessively increased, and the amount of inexpensive cellulose fibers added is reduced, which is disadvantageous in cost control. The modified polyacrylonitrile accounts for 25 to 75 percent of the mixture, and the flame retardance is better.
The invention provides flame-retardant yarn, wherein the molecular structural formula of Polyimide (Polyimide) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001025829860000041
wherein, the double (-CO-N-CO-) is a core structure, and the mass ratio is more than 50%. The decomposition temperature is above 500 ℃, the paint is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, the flame retardance is high, the LOI value is above 36, the heat insulation performance is good, the thermal stability is good, and the paint has strong radiation resistance and is widely applied in the aerospace field.
The invention provides a flame-retardant fabric, wherein the molecular structural formula of cellulose is as follows:
Figure BDA0001025829860000042
the cellulose of the present invention is composed of D-glucopyranosyl (anhydroglucose). Simple molecular formula is (C)6H10O5)nThe specific forms include Cotton (Cotton), hemp, Viscose (Viscose, Rayon), Lyocell (Lyocell), bamboo fiber, wood fiber and other fibers derived from plant cellulose, and the fibers are characterized by good water absorption and being friendly to human body. The LOI value is 17-19, and the fiber belongs to non-flame-retardant fibers.
The flame-retardant fabric provided by the invention also comprises various fibers such as terylene, nylon 66, meta-aramid, polyaryl oxadiazole, acrylon, wool, rabbit hair, silk, carbon-containing antistatic components, metal-containing antistatic components and the like which do not influence the effect of the flame-retardant fabric.
A garment suitable for providing flame retardancy comprising three fibres in the following mass ratios, the percentages being based on the sum of the masses of the three fibres:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 20 to 80 percent;
cellulose: 10% -50%;
polyimide (I): 1 to 50 percent.
The garment suitable for providing flame retardance disclosed by the invention comprises the following three fibers in mass ratio, wherein the percentages are based on the mass of the garment:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25% -75%;
cellulose: 15% -45%;
polyimide (I): 2 to 45 percent.
The clothing provided with flame retardance comprises 35% -85% of acrylonitrile in Modacrylic (Modacrylic), and comprises a copolymer of vinyl chloride and acrylonitrile, or a copolymer of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, or a copolymer of vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile. The modified polyacrylonitrile contains 40-60% of vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride or the sum of the vinyl chloride and the vinylidene chloride, has better flame retardance when the acrylonitrile accounts for 35-55%, and contains 0.5-1% of dyeing groups containing sulfonic groups. The modified polyacrylonitrile also comprises modified polyacrylonitrile containing antimony oxide of one or more of antimony trioxide, antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, and the flame retardance is better when the content of the antimony oxide accounts for more than 2.5% of the mass ratio of the modified polyacrylonitrile.
The LOI value of the modified polyacrylonitrile is 28-33. After being ignited, the flame retardant gas which is heavier than air is released, and the contact between the non-flame retardant substance and oxygen is blocked, so that the flame retardance of surrounding objects can be increased. The fiber has high flame retardance but poor temperature resistance and dimensional stability. The content effect of the modified polyacrylonitrile accounting for 20-80% of the mixture is obvious. If the modified polyacrylonitrile is less than 20 percent, the generated flame-retardant gas is insufficient, and the overall flame retardance of the mixture cannot be ensured; if the content of modacrylic exceeds 80%, the mixture has insufficient heat resistance, and when the mixture is burned vertically, the burned portion is torn due to heat shrinkage, and the damaged length is increased, so that the modacrylic is excessively increased, and the amount of inexpensive cellulose fibers added is reduced, which is disadvantageous in cost control. The modified polyacrylonitrile accounts for 25 to 75 percent of the mixture, and the flame retardance is better.
The invention provides a flame-retardant garment, wherein the molecular structural formula of Polyimide (Polyimide) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001025829860000051
wherein, the double (-CO-N-CO-) is a core structure, and the mass ratio is more than 50%. The decomposition temperature is above 500 ℃, the paint is acid-resistant and alkali-resistant, the flame retardance is high, the LOI value is above 36, the heat insulation performance is good, the thermal stability is good, and the paint has strong radiation resistance and is widely applied in the aerospace field.
The invention provides flame-retardant clothes, wherein the molecular structural formula of cellulose is as follows:
Figure BDA0001025829860000061
the cellulose of the present invention is composed of D-glucopyranosyl (anhydroglucose). Simple molecular formula is (C)6H10O5)nSpecific examples of the cellulose fibers include fibers derived from plant cellulose such as Cotton (Cotton), hemp, Viscose (Viscose, Rayon), Lyocell (Lyocell), bamboo fiber, and wood fiberIt features high hydroscopicity and friendly to human body. The LOI value is 17-19, and the fiber belongs to non-flame-retardant fibers.
The flame-retardant garment provided by the invention further comprises various fibers such as terylene, nylon 66, meta-aramid, polyaryl oxadiazole, acrylon, wool, rabbit hair, silk, carbon-containing antistatic components, metal-containing antistatic components and the like which do not influence the effect of the flame-retardant garment.
The invention provides flame-retardant yarn, fabric or clothing, which is different from the prior art in that:
the invention provides flame-retardant yarn, fabric or clothes, which mixes three fibers to form a blend body, wherein, the modified polyacrylonitrile has low heat resistance, belongs to gas phase flame retardance, and can be mixed with non-flame-retardant cellulose fibers, such as cotton, Viscose (Viscose, Rayon), Lyocell (Lyocell), bamboo fibers, wood fibers and other fibers from plant cellulose, the mixture has flame retardance as a whole, the flame-retardant gas generated during the combustion of the modified polyacrylonitrile fibers can fully isolate the cellulose fibers from oxygen, the combustion of the cellulose fibers can promote the carbonization of the modified polyacrylonitrile and prevent the further combustion of the modified polyacrylonitrile, thereby forming a mechanism for inhibiting the continuous combustion, and once a fire source is removed, the combustion is rapidly finished, and the purpose of automatic extinguishment is achieved. Because cellulose can improve the overall hygroscopicity and comfort of the mixture, the skin-friendly performance of the yarn, fabric or garment made of the mixture is greatly improved; the polyimide has good heat resistance, has high flame retardance, is widely applied in the fields of spaceflight and electronics, and can still maintain the characteristics after being made into fibers; after being mixed with the modified polyacrylonitrile and the cellulose fiber, the thermal stability, the dimensional stability and the heat insulation property of the mixture can be improved; the fabric made of the mixture is carbonized rapidly during combustion, and the polyimide fibers with high flame retardance and high heat resistance play a role of flexible reinforcing ribs in the carbonized film, so that the carbonized film is not easy to break, the further combustion of the fabric is effectively prevented, and the purpose of shortening the combustion damage length is achieved.
The fabrics woven by the flame-retardant yarns and the fabrics or garments of the invention are tested for flame retardancy according to the vertical flame test of GB/T5455-2014, and the damage length is less than 150mm, or less than 100mm, or less than 50 mm. The damage length is reduced in different degrees, so that different flame retardant requirements are met.
The flame resistant yarn, fabric or garment of the present invention is further described in the following description and specific examples in conjunction with the figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a weave diagram of an 2/2 right diagonal twill in an example of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a fabric square of 10mmX10mm formed by 48 warp yarns and 24 weft yarns in example 10 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The modacrylic adopts PROTEX-C fiber of KANEKA company, the fineness is 1.7 dtex, and the length is 38 mm; the cotton is combed cotton purchased in the open market; the lyocell fiber adopts tencel of Lenzing company, the fineness is 1.5 dtex, and the length is 38 mm; the viscose glue adopts common viscose glue on the open market, 1.5 dtex, and the length is 38 mm; polyimide adopts 2.2 dtex natural color fiber of Olympic Gango spirit, and the length is 38 mm; the antistatic fiber is a 5.5 dtex terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber of stannless textile research institute, the length is 38mm, and the resistivity is 106～107Ω/cm。
Example 1
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 75 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 10 percent;
polyimide (I): 13 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 2
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 49 percent;
polyimide (I): 1 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 3
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 45 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 45 percent;
polyimide (I): 8 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 4
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 35 percent;
polyimide (I): 15 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 5
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 20 percent;
polyimide (I): 30 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 6
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 38 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 10 percent;
polyimide (I): 50 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 7
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 28%;
polyimide (I): 45 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 8
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25 percent;
cellulose (lyocell): 28%;
polyimide (I): 45 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Example 9
The flame-retardant yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose (viscose): 35 percent;
polyimide (I): 15 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Examples 1-9 are illustrative of the compositions of the present invention, and all compositions within the scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention, for example: the value of the modified polyacrylonitrile can also be 20% or 80%, the value of the polyimide can also be 2%, and the value of the cellulose can also be 50% or 15%.
In order to further highlight the beneficial effects of the present invention, comparative tests were performed:
in addition to the examples, the para-aramid of nicotinatel, 2.2 dtex, 51mm, was used.
Comparative example 1
A mixture is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 35 percent;
para-aramid: 15 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Comparative example 2
A yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 53 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 45 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
Comparative example 3
A yarn is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 10 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 38 percent;
polyimide (I): 50 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
The inventive examples and comparative examples used the same test parameters: 16/1 (cotton count single yarn), 2/2 right twill, 120 warp density/inch, 60 weft density/inch, and a final square meter basis weight of the fabric of 250 g/gsm. The combustion damage length was determined according to GB/T5455-2014.
Note: 16/1 (cotton count single yarn) indicates that a cotton yarn of 1 pound weight has a length of 16 840 yards at a official moisture regain. Is a unit for measuring the thickness of the yarn. The larger the value, the finer the yarn. And/1 represents a single yarn, not plied.
2/2 diagonal right twill, is one of the common weaves of woven fabrics. The organizational chart is shown in FIG. 1.
1-4 are 4 warp yarns, A-D are 4 weft yarns, the color-coated part shows that the warp yarns are on the surface of the fabric when the warp yarns and the weft yarns are interwoven, the weft yarns are on the reverse side, the non-color-coated part shows that the weft yarns are on the surface of the fabric, and the warp yarns sink under the weft yarns. The painted part is shifted to the upper right corner according to a certain rule, which is called as right slant.
The warp density is 120 pieces/inch, the weft density is 60 pieces/inch, the 1inch is 25.4m, and the larger the data is, the more densely the yarns are arranged per the number of the warp yarns or the weft yarns in 25.4 mm.
The square meter grammage was 250g/gsm, representing a fabric weight of 250 grams per 1 square meter. I.e. the sum of the masses of warp and weft yarns in a 1 square meter fabric, is closely related to the warp and weft density.
The mixtures of the examples 1 to 9 and the comparative examples 1 to 3 are fully opened and uniformly mixed by conventional equipment, and then are carded conventionally, and a siro compact spinning mode is used, so that the hairiness of the yarns is controlled to be extremely low, the uniformity of the yarns is controlled to be extremely low, and the result of a comparison test is not influenced by the spinning effect of the yarns.
The yarns of the same examples or comparative examples were woven on an arrow loom which has been widely spread in accordance with the above-mentioned warp and weft densities and the above-mentioned structure. The warp yarns were subjected to the necessary sizing prior to weaving, using a composite sizing formulation of starch and PVA.
The woven grey cloth is dyed by conventional reactive dyes, and the fibers which cannot be dyed are not dyed any more by one-bath dyeing. The dyed fabric is subjected to conventional after-finishing such as sizing drying and the like, and is not subjected to any after-finishing processing which may influence the flame retardance of the fabric.
The resulting fabric was subjected to a vertical burn test in accordance with GB/T5455-2014. The damage length obtained by the test is as follows.
Figure BDA0001025829860000111
From the few test results, the following clear conclusions can be drawn.
1. The burn damage length is not necessarily related to the type of cellulosic fiber that is not flame retarded.
Figure BDA0001025829860000112
In comparison between examples 4 and 9 and between examples 7 and 8, the maximum value (worst value) of the burnt marring length was very close to each other in the same kind and ratio of the other fibers except for the kind of the cellulose fiber, and it was basically considered that the marring length was related to the test variation and not to the kind of the cellulose.
2. Even a small amount of polyimide mixed still had a large effect on burn-out length. The combustion damage length becomes short.
Figure BDA0001025829860000121
In the embodiment 2, the non-flame-retardant cotton contains 49 percent of the non-flame-retardant terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber, and the content is 51 percent; the total of the non-flame retardant fibers of comparative example 2 was 47%, which was 4% less than that of example 2, but the maximum value of the marring length of example 2 was 53mm less than that of comparative example 2 in view of the marring length of the actual burning test, and the effect of polyimide in example 2 in an amount of 1% on the reduction of the burning marring length was very significant.
3. The higher the content of polyimide, the shorter the burn damage length.
Figure BDA0001025829860000122
The arrangement order of the worst values of the burn damage lengths is substantially identical to the content order of the polyimides. It is estimated that beyond 50% polyimide, the burn damage length will be lower. The test results of example 6 have met the highest flame retardant rating of 50mm or less without the need to increase the amount of expensive polyimide.
4. The content of the modacrylic fiber cannot be too low and cannot be reasonably balanced with the content of the non-flame-retardant cellulose fiber. Otherwise the mixture as a whole cannot maintain flame retardancy.
Figure BDA0001025829860000131
From example 7, it can be seen that the content of the modacrylic is 25%, the total content of the non-flame-retardant cotton and the non-flame-retardant polyester-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber is 30%, the mixture can be automatically extinguished, and the data of the burning damage length is very good. As can be seen from comparative example 3, even though the content of polyimide is as high as 50%, 10% of the modacrylic does not automatically extinguish the mixture for 40% of the non-flame-retardant cotton and the non-flame-retardant polyester-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber, and the test result is burn-through and infinite combustion damage length. If the content of polyacrylonitrile is increased to 20 percent, the content of non-flame-retardant cotton and non-flame-retardant terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber is reduced to 30 percent, the fabric can keep the self-extinguishing characteristic and has good combustion damage data.
5. In the same case, the same proportion of polyimide is more advantageous than para-aramid for reducing the burn damage length.
Figure BDA0001025829860000132
Normally, the tensile strength of the para-aramid is about 15 to 22cN/dtex or more, the tensile strength of the polyimide is about 4cN/dtex, and the para-aramid is much stronger. But the temperature resistance of the polyimide is higher during combustion, and the polyimide can be decomposed only at the temperature of more than 500 ℃ and is higher than the para-aramid by nearly 100 ℃; the LOI values (minimum oxygen percentage content required to maintain combustion) for para-aramid are above 28, while the LOI value for polyimide is above 36; modacrylic releases HCL vapor on ignition and the acid resistance of para-aramid is inferior to polyimide, which is much stronger than para-aramid when tested by tear-off test for burn-out length. It can be seen that polyimide is more suitable than para-polyamide in a blended system with modacrylic, cellulosic fiber. The meta-aramid is not mixed in the comparative example because meta-aramid has lower tensile strength and heat resistance than para-aramid, has the same acid resistance, and is less comparable to polyimide in controlling burn damage length.
The above is an example of the same warp and weft yarn mixing ratio, and the following is an example of the square weaving method.
EXAMPLE 10
The yarn 1 is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
polyimide (I): 98 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent;
the yarn 2 is composed of the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 49 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 49 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent.
The fabric parameters of the examples are as follows:
16/1 (cotton count single yarn), 2/2 right twill, 120 warp density/inch, 60 weft density/inch, and a final square meter basis weight of the fabric of 250 g/gsm. The combustion damage length was determined according to GB/T5455-2014.
Note: 16/1 (cotton count single yarn) indicates that a cotton yarn of 1 pound weight has a length of 16 840 yards at a official moisture regain. Is a unit for measuring the thickness of the yarn. The larger the value, the finer the yarn. And/1 represents a single yarn, not plied.
2/2 diagonal right twill, is one of the common weaves of woven fabrics. The organizational chart is shown in FIG. 1.
3 yarns 1 are woven into the warp direction and weft direction of the fabric every 10mm, and other yarns 2 are woven into the fabric. The cycle was performed according to the organizational chart shown in fig. 2. The 48 warp yarns and 24 weft yarns just form a 10mmX10mm square of the fabric.
The mixing ratio of each fiber in the fabric can be easily calculated according to the mixing ratio and the number of the yarns 1 and 2.
Modified polyacrylonitrile: 44.9 percent;
cellulose (cotton): 44.9 percent;
polyimide (I): 8.2 percent; (3 + 3)/(48 + 24). 98%. about.8.2%
2% of terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber;
weaving is performed on a widely spread arrow loom in accordance with the warp and weft density and the weave. The warp yarns were subjected to the necessary sizing prior to weaving, using a composite sizing formulation of starch and PVA.
The woven grey cloth is dyed by conventional reactive dyes, and the fibers which cannot be dyed are not dyed any more by one-bath dyeing. The dyed fabric is subjected to conventional after-finishing such as sizing drying and the like, and is not subjected to any after-finishing processing which may influence the flame retardance of the fabric.
The combustion test was carried out according to GB/T5455-2014, the combustion damage length obtained was 60mm in the warp direction and 65mm in the weft direction. The following is a comparison with example 3.
Figure BDA0001025829860000151
As can be seen from the above table, the burn damage length is substantially the same, although the design methods of the fabrics are different. The mixing ratio of the fibers in the mixture determines the basic level of burn damage length.
The flame retardancy of the clothing for providing flame retardancy of the present invention is determined by the flame retardancy of the fabric, and thus it is not necessary to list examples and comparative examples of the clothing for providing flame retardancy, but the scope of the present invention is not affected.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A yarn for providing flame retardancy, comprising three fibres in the following mass ratios, percentages being based on the mass of the yarn:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25% -75%;
cellulose: 15% -45%;
polyimide (I): 8% -15%; the cellulose is non-flame retardant cellulose fiber; the damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is less than 50mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
2. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 75 percent;
cellulose: 10 percent;
polyimide (I): 13 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is 35mm and the weft direction damage length is 55mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
3. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose: 49 percent;
polyimide (I): 1 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarns is 124mm and the weft direction damage length of the fabric is 123mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
4. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 45 percent;
cellulose: 45 percent;
polyimide (I): 8 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarns is 64mm and the weft damage length is 68mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
5. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose: 35 percent;
polyimide (I): 15 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarns is 55mm and the weft damage length is 53mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
6. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose: 20 percent;
polyimide (I): 30 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is 42mm and the weft direction damage length is 50mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
7. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 38 percent;
cellulose: 10 percent;
polyimide (I): 50 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is 31mm and the weft direction damage length is 37mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
8. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25 percent;
cellulose: 28%;
polyimide (I): 45 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is cotton fiber; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is 45mm and the weft direction damage length is 51mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
9. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25 percent;
cellulose: 28%;
polyimide (I): 45 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is lyocell fiber; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is 28mm and the weft direction damage length is 44mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
10. The yarn for providing flame retardance is characterized by comprising the following substances in percentage by mass:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 48 percent;
cellulose: 35 percent;
polyimide (I): 15 percent;
the terylene-based carbon-containing antistatic fiber comprises the following components: 2 percent; the cellulose is viscose; the warp direction damage length of the fabric prepared by the yarn is 49mm measured according to GB/T5455-2014, and the weft direction damage length is 57 mm; the yarn is useful in flame retardant garments.
11. A fabric suitable for providing flame retardancy, characterized in that,
the fabric comprises the following three fibers in percentage by mass based on the mass of the fabric:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25% -75%;
cellulose: 15% -45%;
polyimide (I): 8% -15%; the cellulose is non-flame retardant cellulose fiber; the damage length measured according to GB/T5455-2014 is less than 50 mm; the fabric is useful in flame retardant garments.
12. The fabric adapted to provide flame retardancy of claim 11 comprising an antistatic component.
13. A garment adapted to provide flame retardancy, comprising three fibres in the following mass ratios, percentages being based on the mass of the garment:
modified polyacrylonitrile: 25% -75%;
cellulose: 15% -45%;
polyimide (I): 8% -15%; the cellulose is non-flame retardant cellulose fiber; the damage length measured according to GB/T5455-2014 is less than 50 mm.
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