CN105924211A - 用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents

用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法 Download PDF

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CN105924211A
CN105924211A CN201610283607.4A CN201610283607A CN105924211A CN 105924211 A CN105924211 A CN 105924211A CN 201610283607 A CN201610283607 A CN 201610283607A CN 105924211 A CN105924211 A CN 105924211A
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白佳海
高杰
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Abstract

用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于采用以下步骤：（1）把粉煤灰，磷酸二氢铝粉末，熔块粉末按比例进行干混；（2）造粒、成型，制得坯体；（3）在70 ℃干燥坯体5小时后，在大气气氛下以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到150 ℃并保温2小时，再以10‑20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到380 ℃并保温1个小时，然后以1 ℃/min的速度加热升温到680 ℃并保温2小时，最后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时，随后自然冷却到室温，即制得轻质多孔陶瓷。

Description

用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法
技术领域
本发明提供的是一种用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，属于特种陶瓷材料制备技术领域。
背景技术
粉煤灰是一种固体废弃物，粉煤灰的堆积存放对人类和环境造成了极大的威胁。因此，粉煤灰的资源化利用也是国内外面临的重大技术难题之一。同时，轻质多孔陶瓷在工业生产中的应用非常广泛，可以作为催化剂载体、化工填料、保温和耐火材料、有毒物质的吸附剂等。作为水中有毒物质的吸附剂时，为了保障具有高效的吸附效率，往往要求多孔陶瓷在水中处于悬浮状态，这就需要制备一种轻质多孔陶瓷。此外，轻质多孔陶瓷材料还具有非常优良的隔热保温效果，可作为外墙保温材料使用。目前，国内外生产的外墙保温陶瓷材料，虽然具有较高的孔隙率和良好的保温效果，但是这些材料往往具有大量的宏观尺寸的表面开气孔，具有很强的吸水性能，导致其浸水后的重量明显增大，施工困难，极大地限制了其全面的应用和推广。为了促进粉煤灰的资源化，同时为了克服上述保温隔热材料难以施工的缺点，本发明了提供了一种以粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝为主要原料的轻质多孔陶瓷的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明技术提供一种用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其技术方案为：
用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于采用以下步骤：（1）把粉煤灰，磷酸二氢铝粉末，熔块粉末按照质量比为2.5：4.11：0.1的比例进行干混；其中，熔块中含有50 wt%氧化锂、30 wt%的氧化钠和20 wt%的二氧化硅；（2）添加浓度为8 wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液作为粘结剂，粘结剂的添加量是坯料总质量的5%；然后造粒、成型，制得坯体；（3）在70 ℃干燥坯体5小时后，在大气气氛下以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到150 ℃并保温2小时，再以10-20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到380 ℃并保温1个小时，然后以1 ℃/min的速度加热升温到680 ℃并保温2小时，最后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时，随后自然冷却到室温，即制得轻质多孔陶瓷。
所述的用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中的用粉煤灰平均粒径为1.0微米，磷酸二氢铝粉末平均粒径为0.5微米，熔块粉末的平均粒径为0.7微米。
所述的用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中的成型指的是对粉体进行干压成型，成型压力为10-25MPa。
图1是本发明技术制备的轻质多孔陶瓷（图例中的陶瓷接近球形）漂浮于水中的照片；从图中可以看到：多孔陶瓷漂浮于水中，说明多孔陶瓷的体积密度小于水的密度，即本发明技术制备的材料属于轻质多孔陶瓷材料。
本技术发明原理：
利用磷酸二氢铝在较低温度下可熔融为液体，然后在较高温度下又可凝固的性能，使得坯体在烧结过程中自发形成大量闭气孔，多孔陶瓷的体积密度小于1 g/cm3，具体原理如下：把磷酸二氢铝加热到150 ℃、保温2小时后，磷酸二氢铝转变为为液态，然后快速加热到380 ℃并保温1小时，其目的是使各种原料在该温度下形成一种粘度很大的粘滞体。加入熔块的作用是一方面可以促进原料熔融为一种粘性很大的粘滞体，另一方面还可以增大表面张力。缓慢加热到680 ℃过程中，磷酸二氢铝逐渐凝固为固体；升温过程中，磷酸二氢铝会分解为磷酸铝、水蒸气和五氧化二磷，生成的五氧化二磷会和粉煤灰中的铝等反应生成磷酸铝等，而水蒸气等具有成孔的作用。由于大量的粘滞性液相的存在，增加了气体逸出的难度，也会使得气体逸出过程中增加孔隙率，并容易形成闭气孔，进而导致多孔陶瓷的体积密度小于水的密度。
具体实施方式
实施例1
把粉煤灰，磷酸二氢铝粉末，熔块粉末按照质量比为2.5：4.11：0.1的比例进行干混；其中，熔块中含有50 wt%氧化锂、30 wt%的氧化钠和20 wt%的二氧化硅；控制粉煤灰的平均粒径为1.0微米，磷酸二氢铝粉末平均粒径为0.5微米，熔块粉末的平均粒径为0.7微米；添加浓度为8 wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液作为粘结剂，粘结剂的添加量是坯料总质量的5%；然后造粒、用10MPa压力干压成型，制得坯体；在70 ℃干燥坯体5小时后，在大气气氛下以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到150 ℃并保温2小时，再以10 ℃/min的速度加热升温到380 ℃并保温1个小时，然后以1 ℃/min的速度加热升温到680 ℃并保温2小时，最后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时，随后自然冷却到室温。用阿基米德法测得多孔陶瓷的体积密度为0.93g/cm3，开气孔率为28 %，即制得了轻质多孔陶瓷。
实施例2
把粉煤灰，磷酸二氢铝粉末，熔块粉末按照质量比为2.5：4.11：0.1的比例进行干混；其中，熔块中含有50 wt%氧化锂、30 wt%的氧化钠和20 wt%的二氧化硅；控制粉煤灰的平均粒径为1.0微米，磷酸二氢铝粉末平均粒径为0.5微米，熔块粉末的平均粒径为0.7微米；添加浓度为8 wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液作为粘结剂，粘结剂的添加量是坯料总质量的5%；然后造粒、用20MPa压力干压成型，制得坯体；在70 ℃干燥坯体5小时后，在大气气氛下以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到150 ℃并保温2小时，再以15 ℃/min的速度加热升温到380 ℃并保温1个小时，然后以1 ℃/min的速度加热升温到680 ℃并保温2小时，最后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时，随后自然冷却到室温。用阿基米德法测得多孔陶瓷的体积密度为0.94 g/cm3，开气孔率为27 %，即制得了轻质多孔陶瓷。
实施例3
把粉煤灰，磷酸二氢铝粉末，熔块粉末按照质量比为2.5：4.11：0.1的比例进行干混；其中，熔块中含有50 wt%氧化锂、30 wt%的氧化钠和20 wt%的二氧化硅；控制粉煤灰的平均粒径为1.0微米，磷酸二氢铝粉末平均粒径为0.5微米，熔块粉末的平均粒径为0.7微米；添加浓度为8 wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液作为粘结剂，粘结剂的添加量是坯料总质量的5%；然后造粒、用25MPa压力干压成型，制得坯体；在70 ℃干燥坯体5小时后，在大气气氛下以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到150 ℃并保温2小时，再以20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到380 ℃并保温1个小时，然后以1 ℃/min的速度加热升温到680 ℃并保温2小时，最后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时，随后自然冷却到室温。用阿基米德法测得多孔陶瓷的体积密度为0.95g/cm3，开气孔率为26 %，即制得了轻质多孔陶瓷。

Claims (3)

1.用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于采用以下步骤：（1）把粉煤灰，磷酸二氢铝粉末，熔块粉末按照质量比为2.5：4.11：0.1的比例进行干混；其中，熔块中含有50 wt%氧化锂、30 wt%的氧化钠和20 wt%的二氧化硅；（2）添加浓度为8 wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液作为粘结剂，粘结剂的添加量是坯料总质量的5%；然后造粒、成型，制得坯体；（3）在70 ℃干燥坯体5小时后，在大气气氛下以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到150 ℃并保温2小时，再以10-20 ℃/min的速度加热升温到380 ℃并保温1个小时，然后以1 ℃/min的速度加热升温到680 ℃并保温2小时，最后以5 ℃/min的速度加热升温到1150 ℃并保温2个小时，随后自然冷却到室温，即制得轻质多孔陶瓷。
2.如权利要求1所述的用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中的用粉煤灰平均粒径为1.0微米，磷酸二氢铝粉末平均粒径为0.5微米，熔块粉末的平均粒径为0.7微米。
3.如权利要求1所述的用粉煤灰和磷酸二氢铝制备轻质多孔陶瓷的方法，其特征在于：步骤（2）中的成型指的是对粉体进行干压成型，成型压力为10-25MPa。
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