CN105921769A - High-speed axial ultrasonic vibration cutting method and device for aeronautical material difficult to machine - Google Patents
High-speed axial ultrasonic vibration cutting method and device for aeronautical material difficult to machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN105921769A CN105921769A CN201610457707.4A CN201610457707A CN105921769A CN 105921769 A CN105921769 A CN 105921769A CN 201610457707 A CN201610457707 A CN 201610457707A CN 105921769 A CN105921769 A CN 105921769A
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- cutter
- axially
- vibration
- ultrasonic vibration
- cutting
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B3/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency involving a change of amplitude
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B37/00—Boring by making use of ultrasonic energy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/08—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning axles, bars, rods, tubes, rolls, i.e. shaft-turning lathes, roll lathes; Centreless turning
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed axial ultrasonic vibration cutting method for an aeronautical material difficult to machine, and the method is a novel machining method for cutting the aeronautical material difficult to machine through an axial ultrasonic vibration cutting technology. According to the cutting method, an axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device is adopted, in combination with the continuous cutting technical principle, the cutting speed can be increased greatly, machining time is shortened, machining efficiency is improved, the service life of a tool is prolonged, and machining cost is lowered. Compared with traditional vibration cutting, by the adoption of the high-speed axial ultrasonic vibration cutting method, the application range of the ultrasonic vibration machining technology is broadened greatly; and high-speed, efficient, high-quality machining of the aeronautical material difficult to machine can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs a kind of method utilizing UVC to carry out High-speed machining difficulty processing aeronautical material, more special
Do not say, refer to a kind of utilization axial ultrasonic vibrotechnique, difficulty processing aeronautical material, especially titanium alloy are entered with high temperature alloy
Row is interrupted, efficient, the method for high-quality machining.
Background technology
Difficult-to-machine material refers to be difficult to the material of machining, the i.e. material of machinability difference.Machinability
The material that Grade numbers is more than 5 grades belongs to difficult-to-machine material." modern processing (second edition) ", page 316, chief editor is left honest
Surely, publishing house of BJ University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, in August, 2009.
Machining can be divided into the motion mode of workpiece and the shape of cutter according to cutter (blade): turning,
Milling, planing, drilling, boring, broaching, ream, tapping, gear shaping, gear hobbing etc..Any of the above processing has the cutter controlled oneself, institute
Tool category for machining is various.
Conventional vibration cuts due to special processing mechanism, although can reduce cutting force, reduces cutting temperature, improves pole
Limit cutting power and crudy, but owing to being restricted by limit velocity, cutting linear velocity the least (general 4～6m/min),
The revolving mebers such as the major diameter major axis especially made difficult-to-machine material or deep hole, efficiency seems the lowest, applies in actual cut
In be limited by very large.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve crudy and the working (machining) efficiency of difficult processing aeronautical material, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of being suitable for
In the major diameter axle of processing aeronautical material difficult to titanium alloy or high temperature alloy etc. or the high-efficiency machining method of deep hole, i.e. at a high speed axially
UVC method.This processing method uses turning to combine with boring and realizes difficulty processing aeronautical material titanium alloy major diameter
Major axis or the processing of deep hole, can highly shortened process time, improves the crudy of difficult processing aeronautical material.This
Bright processing method enables in particular to realize major diameter major axis or the high speed in hole, efficient, high-quality processing.
The present invention proposes a kind of difficult processing aeronautical material the most axially UVC processing method, this processing method
It is by installing axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device on existing lathe, and by the high speed shaft in axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device
The point of a knife produced to UVC cutter (2) vibrates along sinusoidal trajectory, in conjunction with the major diameter major axis of Lathe control end design
Or the geometric properties of the difficult processing aeronautical material of deep hole, utilize clamping and positioning process to realize；Concrete processing mode is divided into turning
Major diameter major axis, and the deep hole of boring major diameter major axis end.
Turning large-diameter major axis:
First cutter cylindrical turning condition: linear velocity 250～300 ms/min, the amount of feeding 0.005～0.015 millimeter/turn, cutting
The degree of depth 0.01～0.03 millimeter, vibration frequency about 20KHz, voltage 50 volts, 1 ampere of electric current, bilateral amplitude 20 microns；
Cylindrical turning process: tool changing program performs, application axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device (8) is ready for cylindrical car
Cut；The round no more than 0.005mm that beats of workpiece right-hand member is required after holding out against；
The mobile strong point, sequentially carries out the second cutter cylindrical turning, until completing cylindrical turning；
The deep hole of boring major diameter major axis end:
First cutter deep hole boring condition: linear velocity 150～250 ms/min, the amount of feeding 0.005～0.015 millimeter/turn, cutting
The degree of depth 0.005～0.02 millimeter；
Deep hole boring process: the machined workpiece to required surplus of clamping, clamping requires the jumping of distance chuck position 10mm
Dynamic being not more than 0.002mm, the circle at right side is beated no more than 0.01mm；Open vibrating device, start according to previously generating
Cutter path instruction carries out boring, is directly processed to the given size of part.
In a kind of difficult processing aeronautical material the most axially UVC processing method that the present invention proposes, open pre-
The vibration turning device first debugged, upwards applies, to cutter, the supersonic frequency large-amplitude vibration that amplitude is 8 μm at workpiece spindle, logical
Overregulate the phase place in vibratory drive source, make the vibration of cutter become the vibration of a sinusoidal trajectory so that working angles hereafter
Middle cutter is in axial vibration state.
The advantage of the high speed axial UVC method of major diameter major axis or hole is by the present invention:
1. the cutting principle vibrated by high rate intermittent, the speed breaching vibrocutting limits, for titanium alloy turning
The highest 300m/min can be reached, compare common turning and improve 2 to 3 times；2 to 3 can also be improved accordingly for high temperature alloy
Times turning speed, thus realize the purpose of highly-efficient processing.In the conventional turning process of tradition, the cutting speed scope of titanium alloy is about
It is 80～150m/min, and the cutting speed scope of high temperature alloy is about 70～80m/min.Therefore machining efficiency receives
Limit greatly.
2., in the most axially UVC process, big amplitude (monolateral 10 microns), micro-cutting-in a are usedp
(0.008～0.010 millimeter), supersonic frequency vibration (about 20 KHzs), phase controlling are processed, and reduce the surface of workpiece
Roughness, improves the dimensional accuracy of workpiece.
3., under high-speed cutting state, cutter there will be periodicity and separates or local detachment characteristic with workpiece, chip, cutting
Power declines (for 50%～the 70% of conventional cutting), and cutting temperature reduces (declining 1 order of magnitude), effectively inhibits stress deformation
With the thermal deformation deterioration to workpiece quality.
4. the processing method of the present invention, is mounted with matched ultrasonic vibration cutting device on numerically controlled lathe, carries
Rise the working ability of numerically controlled lathe so that the processing cost of difficult processing aeronautical material is minimized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the external structure of the axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device that the present invention designs.
Figure 1A is another visual angle external structure of the axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device that the present invention designs.
Figure 1B is the sectional structure chart of the axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device that the present invention designs.
Fig. 1 C is the exploded view of the axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device that the present invention designs.
Fig. 2 is to use three-dimensional software to draw the workpiece isometric view obtained.
Size when Fig. 2 A is to use three-dimensional software to draw workpiece sets schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is cylindrical turning process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is deep hole boring process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 A is the vibration mode schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 B is the point of a knife movement locus schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the microcosmic process figure of the present invention.
| 1. tool rest | 2. the most axial UVC cutter | 201. housing screw |
| 202. rear end cap | 203. driving source | 204. insulation sleeve |
| 205. drive end bearing brackets and ultrasonic transformer | 3. tool rest protecgulum | 4. tool rest bonnet |
| 5. blade | 6. aviation plug | 7. machine tool three-jaw chuck |
Detailed description of the invention
As a example by processing TC4 titanium alloy major diameter major axis or deep hole, combine accompanying drawing below the present invention is done the most in detail
Explanation.
Seeing shown in Fig. 1, Figure 1A, Figure 1B, Fig. 1 C, the present invention is to install matched height on numerical control machining center
Speed axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device, then by computer and the three-dimensional drawing software being arranged in this computer and control
Software, carries out cutting to the part (or claiming workpiece) needing processing and controls processing.
The present invention is a kind of based on axial ultrasonic vibration, the difficult processing aeronautical material of major diameter major axis or hole class to be carried out height
The method of effect, high-quality processing, this processing method prepares before including processing and the step of part processing, adds work point for part
For turning large-diameter major axis, and the deep hole of boring major diameter major axis end.
Prepare before work pieces process
Step 1-1: digitlization part configuration, uses three-dimensional drawing software (such as CATIA/Autocad/Proe etc.) to carry out
The three-dimensional configuration of required processing part (TC4 titanium alloy major diameter major axis or hole)；The figure of configuration is as shown in Figure 2.
See shown in Fig. 2 A, in the present invention, use according to required processing accessory size the proportional sizes of 1:1 to paint in three-dimensional
Figure software carries out part configuration, and this dimension information is inputed to numerical control machining center；In the present invention, accessory size includes
There are workpiece total length L, outer diameter D, hole length h, deep hole diameter d.
Step 1-2: adjust Digit Control Machine Tool, it is desirable to after Digit Control Machine Tool adjustment, spindle rotation accuracy is in 0.02 millimeter, tail top
Point centre of gyration line is with numerical control machining center main shaft rotation center axiality in 0.05 millimeter, and tail centre pressure is at 0.5Bar
(bar).
Step 1-3: by the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device clamping on the Digit Control Machine Tool adjusted, finely tune turning
Equal in Digit Control Machine Tool center height with blade 5.
Step 1-4: regulation the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device high speed axial ultrasonic vibrocutting cutter 2 is adding
The vibration parameters in man-hour is: vibration frequency is about 20 KHzs, and the monolateral amplitude of point of a knife of blade 5 is 10 μm.
Step 1-5: blank should carry out rough turn peeling before processing, and finish turning d-axis centering, for preventing during rough turn
Workpiece produces excessive residual stress, and rough turn bite controls in 0.5mm, rough turn after require that workpiece justifies jumping for centre bore
Dynamic no more than 0.03mm.Hereafter, carry out hole drilling processing, until allowance 0.1mm.
See shown in Fig. 1, Figure 1A, Figure 1B, Fig. 1 C, the axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device of present invention design, this device bag
Tool rest 1, the most axially UVC cutter 2, tool rest protecgulum 3, tool rest bonnet 4, blade 5 and aviation plug 6 are included；At a high speed
Axial ultrasonic vibrocutting cutter 2 is arranged in tool rest 1, fixes by screw support, and the most axially UVC cutter 2
Drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer 205 stretch out from the middle circular hole of tool rest protecgulum 3, the at a high speed axially excitation in UVC cutter 2
Source 203 and aviation plug 6 one end wire coupling；Tool rest protecgulum 3 is arranged on the front end of tool rest 1, and tool rest bonnet 4 is arranged on tool rest
The rear end of 1；Aviation plug 6 is arranged on the centre bore of tool rest bonnet 4, and the other end is with outside ultrasonic vibration excitation power supply even
Connect, accept the outside vibrational excitation signal produced, pass to the most axially UVC cutter 2.
Tool rest 1 is for the high speed axial UVC cutter 2 of fixing the most axially UVC cutter, one
There is prominent clamp structure side, clamps for machine tool clamping device.
The most axially UVC cutter 2 is for producing the axial ultrasonic vibration added needed for man-hour.
The most axially UVC cutter 2 includes housing screw 201, rear end cap 202, exciting source 203, insulation sleeve
204, drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer 205.
After the end of thread of housing screw 201 sequentially passes rear end cap 202, exciting source 203 endoporus and insulation sleeve 204, screw thread
It is connected to drive end bearing bracket and the threaded interior hole of ultrasonic transformer 205, thus realizes rear end cap 202, exciting source 203 and drive end bearing bracket and change
Tightening together of width bar 205.
Exciting source 203 adds the ultrasonic vibration needed for man-hour for producing.
Insulation sleeve 204 is in the middle of exciting source 203 endoporus and housing screw 201.
Drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer 205 are integrated machine-shaping band round-corner transition multidiameter structure, drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer 205
One end is provided with the cutter groove for installing blade 5, and the other end of drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer 205 is platen surface, and platen surface center sets
There is the screwed hole tightened for housing screw 201.
In the present invention, an exciting source 203 is selected to be capable of the vibration in a direction.In figure 3, fierce source 203
Producing flexural vibrations, in the diagram, driving source 203 produces the extensional vibration along fierce source.
In the present invention, during boring, the position of blade 5 is lateral as shown in Figure 1, during turning, and blade 5 as shown in Figure 1B
Position be in drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer 205 front end, the vibration mode that comprehensive fierce source 203 is different, the vibration of its point of a knife is
Axial direction along workpiece produces.They can break through the speed limit that conventional vibration cutting exists.Therefore can improve
Process velocity.
Embodiment 1
Turning large-diameter major axis
The present invention uses turning process to carry out major diameter major axis based on axial ultrasonic and vibrates and carries out efficient, high-quality processing
Method, difficult processing aeronautical material selects TC4 titanium alloy, and this processing method prepares before including processing and the step of part processing
Rapid:
(1) prepare before processing
Step 1-1: digitlization part configuration, uses three-dimensional drawing software (such as CATIA/Autocad/Proe etc.) to carry out
The three-dimensional configuration of required processing major diameter long shaft part；The figure of configuration is as shown in Figure 2.
See shown in Fig. 2 A, in the present invention, use according to required processing accessory size the proportional sizes of 1:1 to paint in three-dimensional
Figure software carries out part configuration, and this dimension information is inputed to numerical control machining center；In the present invention, accessory size includes
There are workpiece total length L, outer diameter D, hole length h, deep hole diameter d.
Step 1-2: adjust Digit Control Machine Tool, it is desirable to after Digit Control Machine Tool adjustment, spindle rotation accuracy is in 0.02 millimeter, tail top
Point centre of gyration line is with numerical control machining center main shaft rotation center axiality in 0.05 millimeter, and tail centre pressure is at 0.5Bar
(bar).
Step 1-3: by the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device clamping on the Digit Control Machine Tool adjusted, finely tune turning
Equal in Digit Control Machine Tool center height with blade 5.
Step 1-4: the high speed axial UVC cutter 2 in regulation the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device exists
Adding the vibration parameters in man-hour is: vibration frequency is about 20 KHzs, and the monolateral amplitude of point of a knife of blade 5 is 10 μm.
Step 1-5: blank should carry out rough turn peeling before processing, and finish turning d-axis centering, for preventing during rough turn
Workpiece produces excessive residual stress, and rough turn bite controls in 0.5mm, rough turn after require that workpiece justifies jumping for centre bore
Dynamic no more than 0.03mm.Hereafter, carry out hole drilling processing, until allowance 0.1mm.
(2) major diameter long shaft part processing
First cutter cylindrical turning condition: linear velocity 250～300 ms/min, the amount of feeding 0.005～0.015 millimeter/turn, cutting
The degree of depth 0.01～0.03 millimeter, vibration frequency about 20KHz, voltage 50 volts, 1 ampere of electric current, bilateral amplitude 20 microns；
Shown in Figure 3, cylindrical turning process: tool changing program performs, application the most axially UVC cutter 2 is accurate
For carrying out cylindrical turning.The round no more than 0.005mm that beats of workpiece right-hand member is required after holding out against.
See shown in Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B, open the vibration turning device debugged in advance, apply one in the axial direction blade 5
The large-amplitude vibration of individual supersonic frequency, the large-amplitude vibration of described supersonic frequency is by the most axially UVC cutter 2
Thering is provided, its monolateral amplitude is 10 μm；By regulating the phase place in vibratory drive source, the vibration of cutter is made to become a sinusoidal trajectory
Vibration so that in working angles hereafter, cutter is in axial vibration state, starts to refer to according to the cutter path previously generated
Order carries out turning, is directly processed to the given size of part.In high rate intermittent axial ultrasonic vibrocutting process, use
Big amplitude (monolateral 10 microns), micro-cutting-in ap(0.01～0.03 millimeter), supersonic frequency vibration (20 KHz), phase controlling are carried out
Processing, reduces the surface roughness of workpiece, improves the dimensional accuracy of workpiece.
As shown in Figure 6, it is the profile of A-A ' in feeding plane of cutter shown in Fig. 5 B to cutting microprocess, and one is shaken
Dynamic cycle (from a point to e point) high speed UVC process can be divided into three phases: a point → b point is the incision stage, b
Point → c point is for cutting out the stage, and c point → e point is the cut-in without ball stage.In high-speed ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Process, cutter is with vibration balancing
Line is the vibration that supersonic frequency is done in equilbrium position.
In each cutting cycle, blade 5 starts a cut through workpiece, chip width l from a pointrIt is gradually increased, to whole during b point
The chip width of individual working angles is maximum, and the position minimum point on workpiece machining surface during b point, at the blade in described incision stage
Dynamically before angle beta1Present a process diminished again of changing from small to big, and will be more than the theoretical front angle beta of blade2, dynamic relief angle α1
The most in contrast, will be less than theoretical relief angle α of blade2；When blade 5 is in when cutting out the stage of cutting cycle, from the beginning of b point
Chip width is gradually reduced, and terminates the impact of finished surface to whole cutting cycle during c point, at the described blade cutting out the stage
Dynamically before angle beta1It is less than the theoretical front angle beta of blade2, dynamic relief angle α1The most in contrast, the theoretical relief angle of blade it is greater than
α2.Meanwhile, the stage that the cuts out blade at b point → c point is pulled back, cutting feed width frReduce, and blade is at chip width lrDirection
On speed gradually accelerate, the direction that chip produces with rake face inverts, and this has for the reduction of radial-thrust force
Profit；C point → e point is the cut-in without ball stage in whole cutting cycle, starts blade from c point and separates with workpiece and chip, it is achieved that discontinuously
Cutting, all stage inner blade does not contacts with workpiece machined surface, and cutting force is reduced to 0, the blade surface to workpiece
Pattern does not produce any impact；When blade arrives e point, one cutting periodic process terminates, therefore a point → e point be one completely
The cutting cycle, hereafter blade start next time with absorption surface, start the next cutting cycle.Be thus blade, workpiece,
The interrupted cut process periodically separated between chip.
In figure 6, the most front angle beta1Refer to the angle between the rake face of blade 5 and tool arc tangent line.Dynamically relief angle α1
Refer to the angle between the rear knife face of blade 5 and tool arc tangent line.
Amount of feeding frRefer between workpiece outer contour and vibration balancing line and spacing.
Chip width lrRefer to the spacing between the rake face of blade 5 and to be processed of workpiece.
In the present invention, the mobile strong point, then carry out the second cutter turning, the 3rd cutter turning ..., until completing big straight
The cylindrical turning of footpath major axis.
The cylindrical turning processing method using the present invention should be it is important to note that following aspect in process:
(1) feed of every rotation is not more than monolateral amplitude 0.01 millimeter, prevent due to the amount of feeding excessive and become interrupted cut into
Continuous cutting.
(2) monitor the state of wear of blade 5 in real time, once find that blade 5 state of wear occurs, the most more allowing blade replacement 5；
(3) speed of mainshaft (being designated as n) to meet according to cutting tool, machining condition(wherein A is for shaking
Width, D is workpiece external diameter, and ω is ultrasonic vibration angular frequency, α2For blade theory relief angle, π=3.14) under the conditions of, rationally select to keep away
Exempt from tool wear.
(4) tail centre position should ensure that sufficient oil lubrication, and can not have the foreign material interference such as chip；
(5), in working angles, it is interrupted and loosens tail centre release stress, it is ensured that in workpiece, there is not the most remaining answering
Power.
Embodiment 2
Boring deep hole
The present invention uses boring technique to carry out the deep hole of major diameter major axis end efficiently, the method for high-quality processing, difficult
TC4 titanium alloy selected by processing aeronautical material, and this processing method prepares before including processing and the step of part processing:
(1) prepare before processing
Step 1-1: digitlization part configuration, uses three-dimensional drawing software (such as CATIA/Autocad/Proe etc.) to carry out
The three-dimensional configuration of required processing major diameter long shaft part；The figure of configuration is as shown in Figure 2.
See shown in Fig. 2 A, in the present invention, use according to required processing accessory size the proportional sizes of 1:1 to paint in three-dimensional
Figure software carries out part configuration, and this dimension information is inputed to numerical control machining center；In the present invention, accessory size includes
There are workpiece total length L, outer diameter D, hole length h, deep hole diameter d.
Step 1-2: adjust Digit Control Machine Tool, it is desirable to after Digit Control Machine Tool adjustment, spindle rotation accuracy is in 0.02 millimeter.
Step 1-3: by the most axially UVC cutter 2 clamping on the Digit Control Machine Tool adjusted, finely tune turning
Equal in Digit Control Machine Tool center height with blade 5.
Step 1-4: regulation the most axially UVC cutter 2 at the vibration parameters adding man-hour is: vibration frequency is
About 20 KHzs, the monolateral amplitude of point of a knife of blade 5 is 8 μm.
Step 1-5: blank should carry out rough turn peeling before processing, and finish turning d-axis centering, for preventing during rough turn
Workpiece produces excessive residual stress, and rough turn bite controls in 0.5mm, rough turn after require that workpiece justifies jumping for centre bore
Dynamic no more than 0.03mm.Hereafter, carry out hole drilling processing, until allowance 0.1mm.
(2) deep-hole parts processing
First cutter deep hole boring condition: linear velocity 150～250 ms/min, the amount of feeding 0.005～0.015 millimeter/turn, cutting
The degree of depth 0.005～0.02 millimeter；
Shown in Figure 4, internal bore boring process: the machined workpiece to required surplus of clamping, clamping requires distance lathe
The no more than 0.002mm that beats of scroll chuck 7 position 10mm, the circle at right side is beated no more than 0.01mm, opens vibration dress
Put, start the cutter path instruction according to previously generating and carry out boring, be directly processed to the given size of part.
See shown in Fig. 5 A, Fig. 5 B, open the vibration turning device debugged in advance, apply one in the axial direction blade 5
The large-amplitude vibration of individual supersonic frequency, the large-amplitude vibration of described supersonic frequency is by the most axially UVC cutter 2
Thering is provided, its monolateral amplitude is 8 μm；By regulating the phase place in vibratory drive source, the vibration of cutter is made to become a sinusoidal trajectory
Vibration so that in working angles hereafter, cutter is in axial vibration state, starts to refer to according to the cutter path previously generated
Order carries out turning, is directly processed to the given size of part.In high rate intermittent axial ultrasonic vibrocutting process, use
Big amplitude (monolateral 8 microns), micro-cutting-in ap(0.005～0.02 millimeter), supersonic frequency vibration (20 KHz), phase controlling are carried out
Processing, reduces the surface roughness of workpiece, improves the dimensional accuracy of workpiece.
As shown in Figure 6, it is the profile of A-A ' in feeding plane of cutter shown in Fig. 5 B to cutting microprocess, and one is shaken
Dynamic cycle (from a point to e point) high speed UVC process can be divided into three phases: a point → b point is the incision stage, b
Point → c point is for cutting out the stage, and c point → e point is the cut-in without ball stage.In high-speed ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Process, cutter is with vibration balancing
Line is the vibration that supersonic frequency is done in equilbrium position.
In each cutting cycle, blade 5 starts a cut through workpiece, chip width l from a pointrIt is gradually increased, to whole during b point
The chip width of individual working angles is maximum, and the position minimum point on workpiece machining surface during b point, at the blade in described incision stage
Dynamically before angle beta1Present a process diminished again of changing from small to big, and will be more than the theoretical front angle beta of blade2, dynamic relief angle α1
The most in contrast, will be less than theoretical relief angle α of blade2；When blade 5 is in when cutting out the stage of cutting cycle, from the beginning of b point
Chip width is gradually reduced, and terminates the impact of finished surface to whole cutting cycle during c point, at the described blade cutting out the stage
Dynamically before angle beta1It is less than the theoretical front angle beta of blade2, dynamic relief angle α1The most in contrast, the theoretical relief angle of blade it is greater than
α2.Meanwhile, the stage that the cuts out blade at b point → c point is pulled back, and cutting feed width f reduces, and blade is at chip width lrDirection
On speed gradually accelerate, the direction that chip produces with rake face inverts, and this has for the reduction of radial-thrust force
Profit；C point → e point is the cut-in without ball stage in whole cutting cycle, starts blade from c point and separates with workpiece and chip, it is achieved that discontinuously
Cutting, all stage inner blade does not contacts with workpiece machined surface, and cutting force is reduced to 0, the blade surface to workpiece
Pattern does not produce any impact；When blade arrives e point, one cutting periodic process terminates, therefore a point → e point be one completely
The cutting cycle, hereafter blade start again with absorption surface, start the next cutting cycle.It is thus blade, workpiece, cuts
The interrupted cut process periodically separated between bits.
In figure 6, the most front angle beta1Refer to the angle between the rake face of blade 5 and tool arc tangent line.Dynamically relief angle α1
Refer to the angle between the rear knife face of blade 5 and tool arc tangent line.
Amount of feeding frRefer between workpiece outer contour and vibration balancing line and spacing.
Chip width lrRefer to the spacing between the rake face of blade 5 and to be processed of workpiece.
In the present invention, the second cutter turning, the 3rd cutter turning ... are then carried out, until completing the boring of deep hole.
The boring process using the present invention should be it is important to note that following aspect in process:
(1) feed of every rotation is not more than monolateral amplitude 0.008 millimeter, prevent due to the amount of feeding excessive and become interrupted cut into
Continuous cutting.
(2) monitor the state of wear of blade 5 in real time, once find that blade 5 state of wear occurs, the most more allowing blade replacement 5；
(3) speed of mainshaft (n) to meet according to cutting tool, machining condition(wherein A is amplitude, D
For workpiece external diameter, ω is ultrasonic vibration angular frequency, α2For blade theory relief angle) under the conditions of, rationally select to avoid blade abrasion.
(4) the real-time Vibration Condition observing workpiece, conservative control cutting speed, prevent flutter, in order to avoid causing deep hole to draw
Wound and poor surface quality.
High rate intermittent Under Ultrasonic Vibration motor-car (boring) of a kind of difficult processing aeronautical material that the present invention proposes cuts processing method, is profit
Use axial ultrasonic vibratory Cutting Technology, to the difficult processing such as major diameter major axis or hole aeronautical material part, carry out the one of machining
Novel mechanical processing method.This processing method is by using axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device, and the technique being aided with interrupted cut is former
Reason, greatly improves cutting speed, shortens process time, improves working (machining) efficiency, extends cutter life, demotes and be processed into
This, optimizing surface quality, suppression flutter, raising crudy.Use processing method of the present invention more can to titanium alloy, high temperature close
The difficult processing aeronautical material workpiece such as gold realizes at a high speed, processing efficient, high-quality.The most axially UVC is special due to it
Some movement locus and cutting principle so that it had both had resistance to cutting (the about 50%-of conventional cutting drag is greatly lowered
About 70%), reducing cutting temperature, improve limit cutting power, vibrate insensitive characteristic, machined surface quality excellence etc. is
Row outstanding feature, breaches again cutting of hardworking material limit velocity (more than 100 ms/min) simultaneously, and stock-removing efficiency effectively carries
High.Visible, at a high speed axially UVC is that a kind of difficult processing processing aeronautical material is effective and efficient method.
Claims (5)
1. a difficult processing aeronautical material the most axially UVC processing method, it is characterised in that: this processing method is
By installing the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device on existing lathe, and produced by the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device
Point of a knife vibrate along sinusoidal trajectory, in conjunction with difficult processing aeronautical material several of the major diameter major axis of Lathe control end design or deep hole
What feature, utilizes clamping and positioning process to realize；Concrete processing mode is divided into turning large-diameter major axis, and boring major diameter is long
The deep hole of shaft end；
Turning large-diameter major axis:
First cutter cylindrical turning condition: linear velocity 250～300 ms/min, the amount of feeding 0.005～0.015 millimeter/turn, cutting depth
0.01～0.03 millimeter, vibration frequency about 20KHz, voltage 50 volts, 1 ampere of electric current, bilateral amplitude 20 microns；
Cylindrical turning process: tool changing program performs, application axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device (8) is ready for cylindrical turning；Top
The round no more than 0.005mm that beats of workpiece right-hand member is required after Jin；
The mobile strong point, sequentially carries out the second cutter cylindrical turning, until completing cylindrical turning；
The deep hole of boring major diameter major axis end
First cutter deep hole boring condition: linear velocity 150～250 ms/min, the amount of feeding 0.005～0.015 millimeter/turn, cutting depth
0.005～0.02 millimeter；
Deep hole boring process: the machined workpiece to required surplus of clamping, clamping requires beating not of distance chuck position 10mm
More than 0.002mm, the circle at right side is beated no more than 0.01mm；Open vibrating device, start according to the cutter previously generated
Path instructions carries out boring, is directly processed to the given size of part.
A kind of difficult processing aeronautical material the most axially UVC processing method the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: open the vibration turning device debugged in advance, apply, to cutter, the supersonic frequency that monolateral amplitude is 8 μm in the axial direction
Large-amplitude vibration, by regulating the phase place in vibratory drive source, makes the vibration of cutter become the vibration of a sinusoidal trajectory so that this
After working angles in cutter be in axial vibration state.
A kind of difficult processing aeronautical material the most axially UVC processing method the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levy and be: the method is at one from the vibration period of a point to e point, and high-speed ultrasonic Vibration Cutting Process is divided into three phases: a
Point → b point is the incision stage, and b point → c point is for cutting out the stage, and c point → e point is the cut-in without ball stage；In high-speed ultrasonic vibrocutting
Cheng Zhong, cutter does the vibration of supersonic frequency with vibration balancing line for equilbrium position.
4. the axial ultrasonic vibration cutting device of high speed, this device is used for realizing difficult processing aeronautical material the most axially Under Ultrasonic Vibration
Dynamic machining, it is characterised in that: the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device includes tool rest (1), the most axially ultrasonic vibration
Cutting tool (2), tool rest protecgulum (3), tool rest bonnet (4), blade (5) and aviation plug (6)；The most axially UVC
In cutter (2) is arranged on tool rest (1), fix by screw support, and the most axially UVC cutter (2) drive end bearing bracket and
Ultrasonic transformer (205) circular hole in the middle of tool rest protecgulum (3) stretches out, the most axially the driving source in UVC cutter (2)
(203) with aviation plug (6) one end wire coupling；Tool rest protecgulum (3) is arranged on the front end of tool rest (1), and tool rest bonnet (4) is pacified
It is contained in the rear end of tool rest (1)；Aviation plug (6) is arranged on the centre bore of tool rest bonnet (4), the other end and outside Under Ultrasonic Vibration
Dynamic excitation power supply connects, and accepts the outside vibrational excitation signal produced, and passes to the most axially UVC cutter (2)；
Tool rest (1) is for the high speed axial UVC cutter (2) of fixing the most axially UVC cutter, one
There is prominent clamp structure side, clamps for machine tool clamping device；
The most axially UVC cutter (2) is for producing the axial ultrasonic vibration added needed for man-hour；
At a high speed axially UVC cutter (2) includes housing screw (201), rear end cap (202), exciting source (203), absolutely
Edge set (204), drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer (205)；
After the end of thread of housing screw (201) sequentially passes rear end cap (202), exciting source (203) endoporus and insulation sleeve (204),
Be threaded in drive end bearing bracket and the threaded interior hole of ultrasonic transformer (205), thus realize by rear end cap (202), exciting source (203) and
Tightening together of drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer (205)；
Exciting source (203) adds the ultrasonic vibration needed for man-hour for producing；
Insulation sleeve (204) is in the middle of exciting source 203 endoporus and housing screw 201；
Drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer (205) are integrated machine-shaping band round-corner transition multidiameter structure, drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer (205)
One end is provided with the cutter groove for installing blade (5), and the other end of drive end bearing bracket and ultrasonic transformer (205) is in platen surface, and platen surface
The heart is provided with the screwed hole tightened for housing screw (201).
A kind of the most axially ultrasonic vibration cutting device the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: it is at numerically controlled lathe
On be mounted with matched ultrasonic vibration cutting device.
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Inventor after: Zhang Deyuan Inventor after: Su Lankui Inventor after: Zhang Heqing Inventor after: Lu Chengyu Inventor after: Zhang Xiangyu Inventor after: The Sui Dynasty Inventor after: Jiang Xinggang Inventor after: Geng Daxi Inventor after: Li Xun Inventor after: Zhao Xianhua Inventor after: Lu Dawei Inventor after: Han Xiong Inventor before: Zhang Deyuan Inventor before: Zhang Xiangyu Inventor before: The Sui Dynasty Inventor before: Jiang Xinggang |