CN105916660A - 用于接合多个工件部件的方法以及接合工具 - Google Patents

用于接合多个工件部件的方法以及接合工具 Download PDF

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CN105916660A
CN105916660A CN201580005001.8A CN201580005001A CN105916660A CN 105916660 A CN105916660 A CN 105916660A CN 201580005001 A CN201580005001 A CN 201580005001A CN 105916660 A CN105916660 A CN 105916660A
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workpiece
joint
damage
component
instrument
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CN105916660B (zh
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J·瓦格纳
M·威廉
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8292—Testing the joint by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8261—Testing the joint by the use of thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8124—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the structure of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
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    • B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于接合多个工件部件(22、24)、尤其是车身构件的方法，其中：a)将工件部件(22、24)放入接合工具(10)中，b)在接合工具(10)中检验工件部件(22、24)的损伤，c)通过接合工具(10)接合工件部件(22、24)，并且d)在接合工具(10)中检验已接合工件(26)的损伤。

Description

用于接合多个工件部件的方法以及接合工具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于接合多个工件部件、尤其是车身构件的方法以及一种接合工具。
背景技术
为了检验由多个工件部件接合成的工件(如车身构件)的接合点质量，非破坏性检验(至少以抽样方式)是必不可少的。在车身制造中，已接合工件的非破坏性检验继生产之后进行。为此，通常将随机选择的车辆取出并且进行手工检验。但从未对每辆车的所有已接合工件或接合点进行检验，而是始终仅仅在个别车辆和个别接合点上进行非破坏性检验。
纤维增强塑料越来越多地用于车身制造中。与接合钢制工件部件时不同，这种工件部件的接合更为复杂并且具有更高的废品率。为了能够继续确保高质量，必须相应增加抽样检验的数量，但这是昂贵且费时的。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，能够实现一种用于检验已接合工件的可能性，该可能性可以在没有高的成本耗费和时间耗费的情况下集成到生产中。
所述任务通过一种用于接合多个工件部件、尤其是车身构件的方法来解决，在该方法中，
a)将工件部件放入接合工具中，
b)在接合工具中检验工件部件的损伤，
c)通过接合工具接合工件部件，并且
d)在接合工具中检验已接合工件的损伤。
通过在接合工具本身中检验工件部件和已接合工件，可在没有高的时间耗费的情况下检验工件部件或已接合工件的损伤。此外，可检验每个待接合工件部件和已接合工件，从而(相比于抽样检验)显著改善了工件的质量监控。
工件部件可直接在接合之前并且已接合工件可直接在接合之后、尤其是通过设置在接合工具中的检验装置进行检验，从而新出现的损伤被毫无疑问地归因于接合。
例如所述多个工件部件的至少一个由纤维增强塑料制成，从而已接合工件可获得纤维增强塑料的优点。
优选的是，当识别到工件部件之一或已接合工件的临界损伤时，分拣出该工件部件或已接合工件，从而尽早识别出具有过度损伤的构件并且不继续使用之。纤维增强塑料中的在接合时引入的常见损伤是层离或中间纤维断裂。
在一种实施方式中，比较接合前工件部件的损伤与接合后已接合工件的损伤、确定由接合产生的损伤、并且当由接合产生的损伤是临界的时分拣出该已接合工件。在汽车车身制造中使用的工件部件通常已经具有一定程度的(例如由于引入孔而导致的)不规则性。因此，不能将用于已接合工件质量监控的绝对损伤标准确定为临界损伤的极限。通过比较接合前工件部件的损伤与已接合工件的损伤可推断出由接合本身产生的损伤，从而可单独对所述由接合本身产生的损伤进行评估。由接合产生的损伤的判断通过这种方式变得明显更具区别性。在此，例如当由接合产生的损伤以临界程度超过接合前的不规则性的量值时、尤其是当在接合之前被归为非临界的不规则性在其量值方面由于由接合产生的损伤而增加超过两倍时，该损伤被视为临界的。尤其是也可将接合前的不规则性与接合后的损伤彼此之间的量值比例定义为极限值。
在本发明的一种方案中，工件部件和/或已接合工件借助空气超声、接触超声、声发射、热成像和/或其它非破坏性的方法来检验。这些方法已经被试验验证并且是已知的，从而它们的使用成本低。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，接合工具包括冲头和阴模，当冲头靠置在工件部件上时检验工件部件的损伤，和/或当接合工具完全关闭时，检验已接合工件的损伤。通过这种方式可完全自动且省时地检验工件部件和/或已接合工件。
在一种实施方案中，当冲头靠置在工件部件之一上时或以小于3mm的距离与工件部件之一间隔开地定位时，可在单侧接合方法中检验工件部件的损伤。通过这种方式也可无接触地检验工件部件。
例如在步骤b)之前将耦联剂自动供应到冲头和工件部件之一之间，由此改善检验质量。
优选在步骤d)之后自动去除在冲头和工件之间的耦联剂，从而已接合工件不具有耦联剂残留物。
损伤是否为临界的判断可自动进行，损伤是否为临界的判断尤其是可通过在检验中获得的样本彼此之间的比较和/或在检验中获得的样本与极限样本的比较自动进行，由此，检验的人员耗费和因此出现的成本可大大降低。获得的样本彼此之间的比较和/或获得的样本与极限样本的比较可借助图像处理软件进行，其中，获得的样本彼此之间的差异的量值或获得的样本与极限样本之间的差异的量值可被用作损伤的量度。
在本发明的在一种方案中，在检验中获得的样本与关于最终产品的信息(如其中安装有已接合工件的车辆的底盘号)一起存储于数据库中。通过这种方式可在日后客户投诉时证明已接合工件的质量。
所述任务还通过一种用于接合多个工件部件、尤其是由纤维增强塑料制成的工件部件的接合工具来解决，该接合工具包括至少一个检验装置，所述检验装置构造在接合工具的工件贴靠面上并且可检验待接合工件部件的损伤。借助该接合工具可在无需工件部件或已接合工件的附加运输步骤的情况下执行对工件部件和/或已接合工件的检验。
优选检验装置构造为用于借助空气超声、接触超声、声发射和/或其它非破坏性的方法进行检验，检验装置尤其是相控阵超声头，由此可使用已知的低成本且高质量的检验装置。
接合工具可以是包括冲头和阴模的成型工具、尤其可以是半空心冲压铆合钳，所述至少一个检验装置设置在冲头和/或阴模中，从而可直接在生产设备中检验工件部件和/或工件。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点和特征由下述说明以及所参考的附图给出。附图如下：
图1以剖视图示出处于打开位置中的根据本发明的接合工具；
图2示出根据图1的放入了工件部件的根据本发明的接合工具；
图3示出根据图1的处于完全关闭位置中的根据本发明的接合工具。
具体实施方式
在图1中以剖视图示意性示出用于接合多个工件部件、尤其是车身构件的接合工具10。
接合工具10可以是成型工具、如半空心冲压铆合钳。
接合工具10也可构造为用于接合由纤维增强塑料制成的工件部件。
接合工具10包括冲头12和阴模14，冲头12可相对于阴模14移动。
冲头12构造成圆柱形并且例如是空心的并且用于引导销16(图3)。
冲头12朝向阴模的面以及阴模14朝向冲头12的那侧构成工件贴靠面20，在使用接合工具10时，待接合工件部件22、24(图2)或已接合工件26(图3)贴靠在所述工件贴靠面上。
在工件贴靠面20上，在冲头12上和在阴模14上都设有至少一个检验装置28。
检验装置28构造为用于借助空气超声、接触超声、声发射和/或其它非破坏性方法进行检验。
检验装置28例如是相控阵超声头。
当然也可想到，仅在冲头12或仅在阴模14上设有检验装置28。
检验装置28的尺寸、位置和/或定向取决于工件贴靠面20的和待检验工件部件22、24的或者说接合点的几何结构。
检验装置28与分析单元30(如接合工具10的控制装置)连接。在附图中这通过虚线示出。
检验装置28可与分析单元30一起检验待接合工件部件22、24和/或已接合工件26的损伤。
为了接合多个工件22、24，将待接合工件部件22、24放入接合工具10中。在此，至少一个所述工件部件22、24可由纤维增强塑料制成。
现在可将耦联剂(未示出)、如接触凝胶自动供应到冲头12和工件部件22、24之一之间。
被施加的接触剂也可在接合后被自动去除。现在如此程度地关闭接合工具10，使得冲头12靠置在更靠近该冲头的工件部件22上。该位置在图2中示出。在该位置中，检验装置28现在贴靠在工件部件22或24上并且可在接合工具10中检验工件部件22、24的损伤。
因此，工件部件22、24的检验直接在接合之前进行。
工件部件22、24和随后已接合工件26的检验借助空气超声、接触超声、声发射、热成像和/或其它非破坏性方法进行。
例如在检验装置28是相控阵超声头的情况下，通过检验获得被检验工件部件22、24的样本，该样本随后可被传输给分析单元30。
在检验中获得的工件部件22、24样本存储于分析单元30中。
工件部件22、24的损伤(即不规则性)是否为临界的判断例如可通过下述方式来进行：比较获得的样本与存储于分析单元30存储器中的极限样本，并且当获得的样本以一定程度超过相应的极限样本时，则该损伤被视为临界的。
所述判断可由分析单元30自动进行。
当在工件部件22、24之一上识别到临界损伤时，分拣出该工件部件22、24。
也就是说，再次打开接合工具10并且取出和替换损伤的工件部件22、24。
当两个工件部件22、24都没有临界损伤时，则通过接合工具10接合工件部件22、24。
在所示实施方式中，借助销16将铆钉32引入工件部件22、24中，如图3可见。
通过这种方式，由两个工件部件22、24获得已接合工件26。
图3所示接合工具10位置相应于完全关闭的位置，在该完全关闭的位置中通过检验装置28检验已接合工件26的损伤。
因此，对已接合工件26的检验直接在接合之后进行。
在已接合工件26的检验中获得的样本也可被传输给分析单元30，在该分析单元中比较所述样本与用于已接合工件26的极限样本，该极限样本存储于分析单元30中。
当在检验中获得的样本偏离极限样本太严重时，则推断该已接合工件26具有临界损伤并且分拣出该已接合工件26、即不继续使用之。
在分析单元30中也可比较各个工件部件22、24的样本与已接合工件26的样本并且由这些样本的差异推断由接合产生的损伤。
获得的样本彼此之间的比较和/或获得的样本与极限样本的比较可借助图像处理软件进行，获得的样本彼此之间的差异的量值或者获得的样本与极限样本彼此之间的差异的量值可被用作损伤的量度。
如果在接合时产生的损伤超过预定极限，那么也分拣出该已接合工件26。
在此尤其是可将两个损伤彼此之间的量值比例定义为极限值。
例如当由接合产生的损伤以临界程度超过初始损伤的量值时、尤其是当被归为非临界的初始损伤在其量值方面由于由接合产生的损伤而增加超过两倍时，该损伤被视为临界的。
纤维增强塑料在接合时产生的常见损伤是层离或中间纤维断裂。
所获得的已接合工件26样本也可存储于分析单元30中。
此外，所获得的已接合工件26样本可与各个工件部件22、24的样本一起存储于数据库中并且与关于最终产品的信息关联，在该最终产品中使用了该已接合工件26。关于产品的信息例如可以是其中安装有已接合工件26的车辆的底盘号，从而可在投诉情况下追溯工件部件22、24的和已接合工件26的样本。
当然也可想到，接合工具10是不同于所示半空心冲压铆钉钳的接合工具。
当然也可以在不偏离本发明的构思的情况下通过接合工具连接多于所示两个工件部件。
也可想到，当冲头12靠置在工件部件22、24之一上时或以小于3mm的距离与工件部件22、24之一间隔开地定位时，接合工具10在单侧接合方法中检验工件部件22、24的损伤。

Claims (15)

1.用于接合多个工件部件(22、24)、尤其是车身构件的方法，在该方法中，
a)将工件部件(22、24)放入接合工具(10)中，
b)在接合工具(10)中检验工件部件(22、24)的损伤，
c)通过接合工具(10)接合工件部件(22、24)，并且
d)在接合工具(10)中检验已接合工件(26)的损伤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述工件部件(22、24)直接在接合之前并且所述已接合工件(26)直接在接合之后、尤其是通过设置在接合工具(10)中的检验装置(28)进行检验。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个工件部件(22、24)的至少一个由纤维增强塑料制成。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，当识别到工件部件之一(22、24)或已接合工件(26)的临界损伤时，分拣出该工件部件(22、24)或已接合工件(26)。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，比较接合前工件部件(22、24)的损伤与接合后已接合工件(26)的损伤、确定由接合产生的损伤、并且当由接合产生的损伤是临界的时分拣出该已接合工件(26)。
6.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述工件部件(22、24)和/或已接合工件(26)借助空气超声、接触超声、声发射、热成像和/或其它非破坏性方法来检验。
7.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接合工具(10)包括冲头(12)和阴模(14)，当冲头(12)靠置在工件部件(22、24)之一上时检验工件部件(22、24)的损伤，和/或当接合工具(10)完全关闭时检验已接合工件(26)的损伤。
8.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法，其特征在于，当冲头(12)靠置在工件部件(22、24)之一上时或以小于3mm的距离与工件部件(22、24)之一间隔开地定位时，接合工具(10)在单侧接合方法中检验工件部件(22、24)的损伤。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤b)之前将耦联剂自动供应到冲头(12)和工件部件(22、24)之一之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，在步骤d)之后自动去除在冲头(12)和已接合工件(26)之间的耦联剂。
11.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，损伤是否为临界的判断自动进行，损伤是否为临界的判断尤其是通过由检验获得的样本彼此之间的比较和/或由检验获得的样本与极限样本的比较自动进行。
12.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，把在检验中获得的样本与关于最终产品的信息一起存储于数据库中，在该最终产品中使用了已接合工件(26)。
13.用于接合多个工件部件(22、24)、尤其是由纤维增强塑料制成的工件部件(22、24)的接合工具(10)，该接合工具包括至少一个检验装置(28)，所述检验装置构造在接合工具(10)的工件贴靠面(20)之一上并且可检验待接合工件部件(22、24)和/或已接合工件(26)的损伤。
14.根据权利要求13所述的接合工具，其特征在于，所述检验装置(28)构造为用于借助空气超声、接触超声、声发射和/或其它非破坏性的方法进行检验，所述检验装置尤其是相控阵超声头。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的接合工具，其特征在于，所述接合工具(10)是包括冲头(12)和阴模(14)的成型工具，所述接合工具尤其是半空心冲压铆合钳，其中，所述至少一个检验装置(28)设置在冲头(12)和/或阴模(14)中。
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