CN105915112B - A kind of self energizing energy regenerating interface circuit and control method based on piezoelectric effect - Google Patents
A kind of self energizing energy regenerating interface circuit and control method based on piezoelectric effect Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of self energizing interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect, the electric energy which can extract in the piezoelectric element with vibration source vibration is used for load, meets the power demands of microelectronic device and wireless sensor network.Compared with prior art, first, self energizing interface circuit of the invention has the energy regenerating power characteristic unrelated with load；Secondly, self energizing interface circuit of the invention can independently realize connecting and disconnecting of the circuit, and external switch control signal is no longer needed as other interface circuits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration energy recovery technology based on a piezoelectric effect, in particular to a novel self-powered energy recovery interface circuit, and belongs to the technical field of energy conservation.
Background
With the rapid development of micro-electromechanical systems and wireless sensor networks, the power supply requirements for microelectronic devices and wireless sensors are increasing day by day, and most of the power supplies adopt lithium batteries at present. On one hand, the cost of replacing a large amount of batteries is high, and on the other hand, the discarded batteries cause environmental pollution, so that the research of developing a new wireless energy supply technology is urgent.
The vibration energy recovery system based on the piezoelectric effect converts mechanical vibration energy widely existing in the nature into electric energy through the piezoelectric sheet, and has the advantages of large output power, no electromagnetic interference on electronic devices, small volume, easiness in miniaturization of the devices and the like. At present, the research work of an energy recovery system based on the piezoelectric effect is in an exploration stage at home and abroad, high-efficiency and practical energy recovery interface circuits are few in the current patents and documents, and common interface circuits comprise a standard interface, an SECE (synchronous charge extraction) interface, a Parallel-SSHI (synchronous switched inductor) interface and a Series-SSHI (synchronous switched inductor in Series) interface. Of the four interface circuits, only the SECE interface circuit has the characteristic that the recovered power is independent of the load. In order to realize that the interface circuit finishes energy recovery twice in each mechanical vibration period, four interface circuits need external switches, and energy storage, transfer and extraction are realized by controlling the on and off of the switches. Therefore, a new technical solution is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a self-powered energy recovery interface circuit which comprises the following components: an SP-SCE (Self-Powered Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction) interface circuit. Compared with other interface circuits, the energy recovery power of the self-powered interface circuit is irrelevant to the load, and the self-powered interface circuit can automatically realize the on-off of the switch, and does not need an external control signal like other interface circuits.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect of the present invention may adopt the following technical solutions:
a self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect for extracting electrical energy from a piezoelectric element vibrating with a vibration source for use by a load, the interface circuit comprising: the piezoelectric element equivalent circuit, a first electronic breaker connected with the piezoelectric equivalent circuit and a second electronic breaker connected with the first electronic breaker;
the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric element comprises an equivalent current source i connected in parallel eq Piezoelectric capacitor C p And a piezoresistor R p ；
The first electronic breaker comprises a resistor R 1 Diode D 1 Capacitor C 1 Transistor T 1 Diode D 2 Diode D 3 And a transistor T 2 (ii) a Wherein the resistance R 1 Diode D 1 Capacitor C 1 Connected in parallel with the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric element after being connected in series, and a transistor T 1 Emitter-connected diode D 1 And a capacitor C 1 A node therebetween; diode D 2 Connecting transistor T 1 Collector of (2) and transistor T 2 A base level of (d); diode D 3 Connecting transistor T 2 A collector electrode of (a);
the second electronic circuit breaker comprises a resistor R 2 Diode D 6 Capacitor C 2 Transistor T 4 Diode D 4 Diode D 5 And a transistor T 3 (ii) a In which electricity is chargedResistance R 2 Diode D 6 Capacitor C 2 Connected in parallel with the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric element after being connected in series, and a transistor T 4 Emitter-connected diode D 6 And a capacitor C 2 A node therebetween; diode D 4 Connecting transistor T 3 And transistor T 4 A collector electrode of (a); diode D 5 Connecting transistor T 3 A collector electrode of (a); transistor T 3 Emitter-connected transistor T 2 An emitter of (1);
and, further comprising a diode D 7 Diode D 8 Inductor L and filter capacitor C r And a load R L (ii) a Diode D 7 And a diode D 8 Connected in parallel with the electronic circuit breaker 2 after being connected in series, and a diode D 7 And a diode D 8 In opposite directions; inductor L and filter capacitor C r And a load R L One end of the parallel connection is connected with the transistor T 3 Another end and a diode D 7 And a diode D 8 The diode D is connected with the inductor L and the filter capacitor C r Between the nodes on the right side of
Meanwhile, the invention also discloses a control method of the self-powered interface circuit based on the piezoelectric effect. The control method can adopt the following technical scheme:
the energy recovery is completed twice in each mechanical vibration period, each energy recovery is divided into three stages of circuit charging, energy transfer and charge neutralization, and the three stages in a half mechanical vibration period from the minimum value change of the mechanical vibration displacement to the maximum value are respectively:
(1) And a circuit charging stage: all transistors in the circuit are turned off and only the capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The two lines are conductive. As the mechanical vibration displacement becomes larger, the equivalent current i eq Constant pair capacitance C p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 Charging, piezoelectric voltage v p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The voltage at the two ends continuously rises;
(2) And an energy transfer stage: when the mechanical vibration displacement reaches a maximum value, the piezoelectric voltage v p To a maximum value V MAX At this time, the capacitance C 1 Upper voltage of V MAX -V D1 ，V D1 Is a diode D 1 Is moved in the direction of the minimum value with the mechanical vibration displacement, the piezoelectric voltage v p With the voltage v falling p Down is V BE1 +V D1 ，V BE1 Is a transistor T 1 Of the base and emitter, i.e. v p ＝V 1 ＝V MAX -V BE1 -V D1 At this time, the transistor T 1 On, the capacitance C 1 Pass transistor T 1 Diode D 2 Transistor T 2 Inductor L and diode D 8 Starting to discharge, the transistor T 2 Is also turned on, the transistor T 2 After conduction, the piezoelectric capacitor C p Through diode D 3 Transistor T 2 Inductor L and diode D 8 Starting discharging; capacitor C 1 And a piezoelectric capacitor C p The energy is transferred to the inductor L, the piezoelectric voltage v p From V 1 Drops to zero and the energy on L is then transferred through freewheeling diode D to filter capacitor C r And a load R L C, removing;
(3) And charge neutralization stage: when a piezoelectric voltage v p Falling to zero, the transistor T 2 The first electronic breaker switch is turned off; capacitor C 2 Capacitor C with incomplete discharge 2 The electric charge in (1) flows into the piezoelectric capacitor C p And a capacitor C 1 Up to the piezoelectric capacitance C p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The upper voltage is the same.
The invention provides a self-powered energy recovery interface circuit based on a piezoelectric effect, which comprises the following steps: an SP-SCE (Self-Powered Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction) interface circuit. Compared with the existing interface circuit, the SP-SCE interface circuit has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the energy recovery power of the self-powered interface circuit is irrelevant to the load;
and secondly, the self-powered interface circuit can automatically realize on-off of the switch, and does not need external control signals like other interface circuits.
Further, the filter capacitor C r And a connected load R L Is R L C r And > 5T, wherein T is the mechanical vibration period of the vibration source.
Further, the self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inductor L and the capacitor C are arranged in parallel 1 Capacitor C 2 Resistance R 1 And a resistor R 2 The value of (b) satisfies the following condition:
where ω is the angular frequency of the mechanical vibration of the vibration source, i =1,2, capacitance C 1 And a capacitor C 2 Take the same value.
Furthermore, the open-circuit voltage V in the self-powered interface circuit based on the piezoelectric effect OC There are the following limitations:
V OC ＞V CE(sat) +3V D +V BE
wherein, V CE(sat) Is the transistor emitter-collector saturation voltage drop, V D Is the voltage drop of a diode, V BE Is the threshold voltage between the base and emitter of the transistor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the self-powered energy recovery interface circuit of the present invention;
FIGS. 2-4 illustrate three phases of operation of the self-powered energy recovery interface circuit of the present invention within a half-cycle; wherein fig. 2 is a first stage, fig. 3 is a second stage, and fig. 4 is a third stage;
FIGS. 5 and 6 are schematic waveforms of the self-powered energy recovery interface circuit of the present invention; wherein u in FIG. 5 is the mechanical vibration displacement, v p Voltage across the piezoelectric patch, v in FIG. 6 p Voltage i at two ends of piezoelectric sheet for switching on and off process at maximum value of mechanical vibration displacement C1 、i C2 Respectively reflecting the capacitances C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The discharge process of (2);
fig. 7 is a simulated circuit diagram of the self-powered energy recovery interface circuit of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the self-powered energy recovery interface circuit for recovering power and load R of the present invention obtained by using electronic simulation software Multisim L And (5) simulation results of the relationship.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by combining the drawings as follows:
fig. 1 shows the basic structure of the SP-SCE interface circuit (i.e. self-powered energy recovery interface circuit) of the present invention, which, as shown, comprises: the piezoelectric element equivalent circuit, a first electronic breaker connected with the piezoelectric equivalent circuit and a second electronic breaker connected with the first electronic breaker; the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric element comprises an equivalent current source i connected in parallel eq Piezoelectric capacitor C p And a piezoresistor R p ；
The first electronic breaker comprises a resistor R 1 Diode D 1 Capacitor C 1 Transistor T 1 Diode D 2 Diode D 3 And a transistor T 2 (ii) a Wherein the resistance R 1 Diode D 1 Capacitor C 1 Connected in parallel with the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric element after being connected in series, and a transistor T 1 Emitter-connected diode D 1 And a capacitor C 1 A node therebetween; diode D 2 Connecting transistor T 1 Collector and transistor T 2 A base level of (d); diode D 3 Connecting transistor T 2 A collector electrode of (a);
the second electronic circuit breaker comprises a resistor R 2 Diode D 6 Capacitor C 2 Transistor T 4 Diode D 4 Diode D 5 And a transistor T 3 (ii) a Wherein the resistance R 2 Diode D 6 Capacitor C 2 After being connected in series, the piezoelectric element is connected in parallel with the equivalent circuit of the piezoelectric element,transistor T 4 Emitter-connected diode D 6 And a capacitor C 2 A node therebetween; diode D 4 Connecting transistor T 3 And transistor T 4 A collector electrode of (a); diode D 5 Connecting transistor T 3 A collector electrode of (a); transistor T 3 Emitter-connected transistor T 2 An emitter of (1);
and, further comprising a diode D 7 Diode D 8 Inductor L and filter capacitor C r And a load R L (ii) a Diode D 7 And a diode D 8 Connected in parallel with the electronic circuit breaker 2 after being connected in series, and a diode D 7 And a diode D 8 In opposite directions; inductor L and filter capacitor C r And a load R L One end of the parallel connection is connected with the transistor T 3 Another end and a diode D 7 And a diode D 8 The diode D is connected with the inductor L and the filter capacitor C r Between the nodes on the right side of the cell.
In order to ensure that the filtered voltage is stable enough, the filter capacitor C r And a connected load R L Should satisfy R L C r And > 5T, wherein T is the mechanical vibration period of the vibration source.
In order to ensure that the charge neutralization phase occurs after the energy transfer is over and that the time of this phase is much less than half of the oscillation period, the inductance L and the capacitance C 1 And a capacitor C 2 Resistance R 1 And a resistance R 2 The value of (b) satisfies the following condition:
where ω is the angular frequency of the mechanical vibration of the vibration source, i =1,2, capacitance C 1 And a capacitor C 2 Take the same value and take as small a value as possible under the premise that the circuit is operating normally.
The SP-SCE interface circuit completes two energy recoveries in each mechanical vibration period, each energy recovery is divided into three stages of circuit charging, energy transfer and charge neutralization, current flow directions are respectively shown in figures 2 to 4, three stages in a half mechanical vibration period with the minimum value of mechanical vibration displacement changing to the maximum value are respectively explained below, and theoretical derivation of open-circuit voltage, three-stage intermediate voltage and SP-SCE interface circuit recovery power is given.
(1) A circuit charging stage: the current flow in the circuit at this stage is as shown in fig. 2. All transistors in the circuit are off, only C 1 And C 2 The two lines are conductive. As the mechanical vibration displacement becomes larger, the equivalent current i eq Constant pair piezoelectric capacitor C p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 Charging, piezoelectric voltage v p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The voltage across the terminals is continuously rising.
(2) An energy transfer stage: the current flow in the circuit at this stage is shown in figure 3. At the time of T/2, the mechanical vibration displacement reaches the maximum value U M Piezoelectric voltage v p To a maximum value V MAX At this time, the capacitance C 1 Upper voltage is V MAX -V D1 (V D1 Is a diode D 1 Voltage drop) of the piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric voltage v moving in the direction of the minimum value with the mechanical vibration displacement, and p with a consequent decrease in the piezoelectric voltage v p Down let V BE1 +V D1 (V BE1 Is a transistor T 1 Threshold voltage between base and emitter) of (2), i.e., v p ＝V 1 ＝V MAX -V BE1 -V D1 At this time, the transistor T 1 On, the capacitance C 1 Pass transistor T 1 Diode D 2 Transistor T 2 Inductor L and diode D 8 Starting discharge (i in FIG. 6) C1 Shown in waveform), transistor T 2 Also conductive, which at this time corresponds to the switch of the first electronic breaker being closed. Transistor T 2 After conduction, the piezoelectric capacitor C p Through diode D 3 Transistor T 2 Inductor L and diode D 8 The discharge is started. Capacitor C 1 And a piezoelectric capacitor C p The energy is quickly transferred to the inductor L, the piezoelectric voltage v p From V 1 Rapidly drops to zero (t in fig. 6) 2 Time of day) The energy in the inductor L is then transferred to the filter capacitor C via the freewheeling diode D r And a load R L The above.
(3) Charge neutralization stage: the current flow in the circuit at this stage is shown in fig. 4. t is t 2 After the moment, the transistor T 2 When the first electronic breaker switch is turned off, the first electronic breaker switch is opened. Capacitor C 2 Capacitor C has not yet finished discharging 2 The charge in (2) flows into the piezoelectric capacitor C p And a capacitor C 1 Up to the piezoelectric capacitance C p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The upper voltages are the same. Capacitor C 2 Can be represented by i in FIG. 6 C2 When the waveform of i is reflected C2 Close to zero (t in FIG. 6) 3 Time) the charge neutralization phase ends. In the charge neutralization stage, the piezoelectric voltage v is applied before entering a half cycle of minimum detection p Slightly raised from zero to V 2 (t in FIG. 6 3 Time of day). Capacitor C 2 Is actually discharged from t 1 Starting at time i in FIG. 6 C2 The charge neutralization stage is considered to be an independent stage independent of the other two stages for simplicity of analysis.
1. Calculation of open circuit voltage:
displacement excitation:
u(t)＝U M sin(ωt) (1)
in the formula of U M ω is the amplitude of the mechanical vibration displacement and ω is the angular frequency of the mechanical vibration.
Equivalent current:
wherein alpha is the force factor of the piezoelectric sheet,the first derivative of the displacement of the mechanical vibration.
When the circuit is open, the piezoelectric capacitor C p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 After being connected in parallel withResistance R p Parallel, equivalent resistance
Resisting:
wherein Z is the equivalent impedance of the circuit, X c Capacitive reactance of capacitance, C = C p +C 1 +C 2 。
Equivalent impedance mode:
the displacement excitation u (t) being sinusoidal and the open-circuit voltage v p，oc (t) is also sinusoidal at the same frequency, i.e. v p，oc (t)＝V OC sin (ω t), in which V OC Is an open circuit voltage v p，oc Amplitude of (t), V OC Can be obtained by the following formula:
in the formula I M Is the magnitude of the equivalent current.
In addition, to drive the switch effectively, V OC Is limited by the voltage drop of the diodes and transistors in the circuit. To better illustrate this limitation, it is assumed that there is no switching behavior before the circuit is connected. Once connected, the voltage conversion is at the piezoelectric voltage v p To the maximum value V of the open circuit voltage OC Initially, and then by a piezoelectric voltage v p Down to V OC -V D -V BE . At this time, when the capacitance C 1 Voltage V between two terminals C1 Proportional-derivative transistor T 1(ec) Diode D 2 Transistor T 2(be) Diode D 8 When the voltage drop generated by the series connection is large, the transistor T 1 Will be conducted; when a piezoelectric voltage v p Proportional diode D 3 Transistor T 2(ec) Diode D 8 When the voltage drop generated by the series connection is large, the transistor T 2 Will also be conductive. Thus, for V OC The following limitations arise:
V OC ＞V CE(sat) +3V D +V BE (7)
in the formula, V CE(sat) Is the transistor emitter-collector saturation voltage drop, V D Is the voltage drop of a diode, V BE Is the threshold voltage between the base and emitter of the transistor.
2. Calculation of the three-stage intermediate voltage:
the three stages of the self-powered SP-SCE interface circuit in a half mechanical vibration period from the minimum value change of the mechanical vibration displacement to the maximum value are respectively a circuit charging stage, an energy transfer stage and a charge neutralization stage.
When the vibration displacement reaches the maximum value, the energy transfer phase begins, and the piezoelectric capacitor C p Capacitor C 1 The upper energy is rapidly transferred to the inductor L, and after one quarter of oscillation period, the piezoelectric capacitor C p Capacitor C 1 The upper energy is completely transferred to the inductor L, the energy transfer stage is ended, and the piezoelectric voltage v p From V 1 Drops to zero.
Suppose a capacitance C 2 The discharge of (a) is initiated after the energy transfer is completed, so that the charge neutralization stage can be considered as a separate stage. In the charge neutralization phase, the piezoelectric capacitor C p Capacitor C 1 Capacitor C 2 Is constant. V 1 And V 2 Has the following relationship:
CV 2 ＝C 2 V 1 (8)
after the charge neutralization phase, a new round of charging begins. Again, half a vibration cycle continues until the piezoelectric voltage v p to-V 1 ，-V 1 Initiation of energy transfer at minimumAnd (6) pressing. The voltage relationship corresponding to this stage can be obtained from the following relationship:
since the duration of the energy transfer phase and the charge neutralization phase is very short compared to half a vibration period, it is possible to reduce the open-circuit voltage v p，oc (t) at the moment of energy transfer, separating and translating adjacent sections by a distance such that the piezoelectric voltage v can be approximated p And (4) waveform. Approximate piezoelectric voltageThe expression of (c) is as follows:
will be provided withSubstituting the expression into the expression (9) to obtain:
from the formulae (8) and (11), V can be obtained 1 And V 2 Expression (c):
3. theoretical derivation of the recovery power of the SP-SCE interface circuit:
the SP-SCE energy recovery process takes place in the energy transfer stage. In thatEnergy transfer phase, piezoelectric capacitor C p Capacitor C 1 The upper charge is transferred to the inductor L. During one half of the vibration cycle, the energy recovered is:
the interface circuit performs energy recovery twice in each mechanical vibration period, and the energy recovery power of the SP-SCE interface circuit is as follows:
because of C 1 ＝C 2 Therefore, can be recorded as C 1 ＝C 2 ＝C ed This pattern (15) can be written as:
from equation (16), it can be seen that the energy recovery power of the SP-SCE self-powered interface circuit and the load R L Irrelevant, namely the energy recovery power of the SP-SCE self-powered interface circuit does not change along with the change of the load.
Fig. 7 is a simulation circuit diagram of the SP-SCE interface circuit in Multisim. The conditions of the simulation are as follows: piezoelectric sheet is connected with piezoelectric capacitor C in parallel by sine current source p And a piezoresistor R p Showing that the frequency of the sinusoidal current source is the same as the mechanical vibration frequency, and its amplitude I M ＝2πfαU M Where f is the mechanical vibration frequency, α is the force factor of the piezoelectric sheet, U M Is the mechanical vibration displacement amplitude. In the simulation circuit, the piezoelectric capacitance C of the piezoelectric sheet p =30nF, piezoresistor R p =2M Ω, mechanical vibration frequency f =50Hz, current source amplitude I M =0.1mA. The obtained recovered power of the SP-SCE interface circuit is related to the load R L The simulation results are shown in fig. 8.
Claims (5)
1. A self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect for extracting electrical energy from a piezoelectric element vibrating with a vibration source for use by a load, the interface circuit comprising: the first electronic breaker is used for connecting the piezoelectric element, and the second electronic breaker is connected with the first electronic breaker;
the first electronic breaker comprises a resistor R 1 Diode D 1 Capacitor C 1 Transistor T 1 Diode D 2 Diode D 3 And a transistor T 2 (ii) a Wherein the resistance R 1 Diode D 1 Capacitor C 1 Connected in series for parallel connection with a piezoelectric element, diode D 1 Positive electrode and resistor R of 1 Connected, diode D 1 Is connected to the negative electrode of the transistor T 1 Emitter of (2), transistor T 1 Base electrode of (2) is connected with a diode D 3 Positive electrode and resistor R 1 Node therebetween, transistor T 1 Emitter-connected diode D 1 Negative electrode of (2) and capacitor C 1 A node therebetween; diode D 2 Is connected with the transistor T 1 Collector of (2), diode D 2 Negative pole of (2) connecting transistor T 2 The base electrode of (1); diode D 3 Negative pole of (2) connecting transistor T 2 Collector of (2), diode D 3 Is connected with the transistor T 1 And a capacitor C 2 A node therebetween;
the second electronic breaker comprises a resistor R 2 Diode D 6 Capacitor C 2 Transistor T 4 Diode D 4 Diode D 5 And a transistor T 3 (ii) a Wherein the resistance R 2 Diode D 6 Capacitor C 2 Connected in series for parallel connection with a piezoelectric element, a transistor T 4 Base electrode of (2) is connected with a diode D 5 Positive electrode and resistor R 2 Node between, transistor T 4 Emitter-connected diode D 6 Negative electrode of (2) and capacitor C 2 A node therebetween; diode D 4 Is connected to the negative electrode of the transistor T 3 Base electrode of (2), diode D 4 Is connected with the transistor T 4 Collector electrode of(ii) a Diode D 5 Negative pole of (2) connecting transistor T 3 Collector of (2), diode D 5 The positive electrode of (2) is grounded; diode D 6 Negative pole of (2) connecting transistor T 4 Collector of (2), diode D 6 Positive electrode and resistor R 2 Connecting; transistor T 3 Emitter-connected transistor T 2 An emitter of (1);
and, further comprising a diode D 7 Diode D 8 Inductor L and filter capacitor C r And the interface circuit is connected with a load R L (ii) a Diode D 7 Anode and diode D 8 Is connected in series with a second electronic breaker, and a diode D 7 And a diode D 8 Is connected in reverse series, diode D 7 Negative electrode of (1) and capacitor C 2 Connected, diode D 8 Negative electrode and resistor R 2 Connecting; inductor L and filter capacitor C r And a load R L One end of the parallel connection is connected with the transistor T 3 Another end and a diode D 7 Anode of (2) and diode D 8 The anode of the diode D is connected with the inductor L, and the anode of the diode D is positioned between the inductor L and the diode D 7 Anode of (2), diode D 8 The node side between the positive electrodes of (1); cathode of diode D and filter capacitor C r Is connected to a filter capacitor C r Is located at the same side as one end of the inductor L.
2. The piezoelectric effect based self-powered interface circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filter capacitor C r And a connected load R L Is R L C r >, 5T, wherein T is the mechanical vibration period of the vibration source.
3. The piezoelectric effect-based self-powered interface circuit of claim 1, wherein the inductor L and the capacitor C are arranged in series 1 Capacitor C 2 Resistance R 1 Resistance R 2 The value of (b) satisfies the following condition:
where ω is the angular frequency of the mechanical vibration of the vibration source, i =1,2,c 1 And C 2 Take the same value.
4. The self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect of claim 1, wherein the open circuit voltage V is applied to the self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect OC There are the following limitations:
V OC >V CE(sat) +3V D +V BE
wherein, V CE(sat) Is the transistor emitter-collector saturation voltage drop, V D Is the voltage drop of a diode, V BE Is the threshold voltage between the base and emitter of the transistor.
5. A self-powered interface circuit based on piezoelectric effect according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the energy recovery is performed twice in each mechanical vibration cycle, and each energy recovery is divided into three stages of circuit charging, energy transfer and charge neutralization, and the three stages in half of the mechanical vibration cycle when the minimum value of the mechanical vibration displacement changes to the maximum value are respectively:
(1) And a circuit charging stage: all transistors in the circuit are turned off and only the capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The two lines are conducted; as the mechanical vibration displacement increases, the current flowing from the piezoelectric element continuously flows to the capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 Charging, piezoelectric voltage v of piezoelectric element p Capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The voltage at the two ends continuously rises;
(2) And an energy transfer stage: when the mechanical vibration displacement reaches the maximum value, the piezoelectric voltage v p To a maximum value V MAX At this time, the capacitance C 1 Upper voltage is V MAX -V D1 ，V D1 Is a diode D 1 The piezoelectric voltage v moves to a minimum value direction along with the mechanical vibration displacement p Then falls as a piezoelectricPressure v p Down is V BE1 +V D1 ，V BE1 Is a transistor T 1 Of the base and emitter, i.e. v p ＝V 1 ＝V MAX -V BE1 -V D1 At this time, the transistor T 1 On, the capacitance C 1 Pass transistor T 1 Diode D 2 Transistor T 2 Inductor L and diode D 8 Starting to discharge, the transistor T 2 Is also turned on, the transistor T 2 After conduction, the electric energy stored in the piezoelectric element passes through the diode D 3 Transistor T 2 Inductor L and diode D 8 Starting discharging; capacitor C 1 And the energy on the piezoelectric element is transferred to the inductor L, the piezoelectric voltage v p From V 1 Drops to zero and the energy on L is then transferred through freewheeling diode D to filter capacitor C r And a load R L The above step (1);
(3) And charge neutralization stage: when a piezoelectric voltage v p When the voltage drops to zero, the transistor T 2 The first electronic breaker switch is switched off; capacitor C 2 Capacitor C with incomplete discharge 2 The electric charge in (1) flows into the piezoelectric element and the capacitor C 1 Up to the piezoelectric element, the capacitor C 1 And a capacitor C 2 The upper voltages are the same.
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