CN105912764B - A kind of city plot ratio optimization method based on noise zoning model - Google Patents
A kind of city plot ratio optimization method based on noise zoning model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of city plot ratio optimization method based on noise zoning model of the present invention, Urban Spatial Morphology data are recorded in target area, establish sound source instantaneous acquiring database, and it is connect to the four classes division for carrying out noise range with geography information module, construction city noise partition model, establish plot ratio optimization module, the noise simulation of target area is carried out according to the plot ratio index in target area in partition model, analogue noise is compared with relevant laws and regulations noise requirements, to optimize to plot ratio；The present invention is based on GIS-Geographic Information System and Cities Coordinate by acoustic environment data information in conjunction with Computer Database, establish city noise partition model, pass through the noise prediction to target area, it is proposed plot ratio Optimized Measures, noise control is combined with space shape design, Optimizing City acoustic environment.Simultaneously the present invention solve previous plot ratio determine in ignorance to influence of noise, keep its formulation more scientific, reasonable, provide and a kind of determine method from the community in urban areas plot ratio of noise optimization angle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to urban planning technical fields, and in particular to a kind of city plot ratio optimization method.
Background technique
With the continuous rapid development accelerated with city of China's Development of China's Urbanization, environmental problem increasingly becomes city hair
Major issue in exhibition hampers the development of urban sustainable development.Noise problem is that rapid urban, scale constantly expand background
Under product, the research of many scholars all proves that the distribution of Urban Acoustic Environment and road traffic system, the block land used in city are opened
The content of the Urban Planning Subjects such as hair, plot Form of Architecture skin texture has close connection.Although theoretical research there are many at present,
But lacks practical application, more lack the adjusting and optimization for noise from plot ratio optimization angle.
Plot ratio is the core of quantitative Con trolling index in regulatory plan, be measure land development intensity it is important because
There is the problem of researching value in son and City Planning Practice.The existing city plot ratio in China is formulated by planning at present
Teacher is carried out with human brain, and so as to cause the determination of plot ratio, there are subjectivities and randomness, needless to say to making an uproar in formulation process
The ignorance of the Related Environmental Factors such as sound.Therefore need to propose that a kind of plot ratio fully considered after influence of noise is determining and optimization side
Formula establishes noise zoning model in city, to meet the requirement of city different function, more scientific and reasonable carry out noise control
System, improve resident's sound environment quality, improve urban environment comfort and livable property.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of based on noise zoning model
City plot ratio optimization method, improve plot ratio optimization science and exploitativeness.
Technical solution: the present invention provides a kind of city plot ratio optimization method based on noise zoning model, including with
Lower step:
(1) in target area, urban geographic information module is established in conjunction with remote sensing image by making an on-the-spot survey on the spot, records city
Urban Spatial Morphology data of the city as unit of block；
(2) sound source instantaneous acquiring database is established by noise instantaneous acquiring module, and it is connected with geography information module
Four classes for tapping into noise range of the row as unit of block divide, construction city noise partition model；
(3) plot ratio optimization module is established, target is carried out according to the plot ratio index in target area in partition model
The noise simulation in region, analogue noise are compared with relevant laws and regulations noise requirements, to optimize to plot ratio, reduction is made an uproar
Influence of the sound to daily life；
(4) it is exported automatically eventually by professional drawing equipment as can directly reference and the engineering drawing that uses.
Further, step (1) the following steps are included:
(1.1) complete, accurate job area and peripheral extent status are obtained with google earth according to practical mapping
Land used draws vector graphics and dependent coordinate data as unit of block；
(1.2) vector data is carried out layered shaping in AUTOCAD by the dwg file obtained according to step (1.1), packet
The new figure layer of road axis, road enclosing plot land character envelope, architectural plane contour line and building storey is included, it is complete
The processing again of pairs of vector data.
Further, step (2) the following steps are included:
(2.1) according to generation source, approach and the influence of noise, use traffic noise on urban roads as noise parameter
Basic data, according to the wagon flow data on road within the scope of the measurement method Collecting operation of multiple spot timing；
(2.2) vehicle flowrate is calculated according to collected wagon flow data, expresses wagon flow in a manner of total vehicle number and loaded vehicle ratio
Amount, total vehicle number=heavy goods vehicles number+common in-vehicle number, loaded vehicle ratio=heavy goods vehicles number/total vehicle number, large car are attached most importance to in-between car classification
Type vehicle, compact car are classified as common in-vehicle；
(2.3) by road attribute and vehicle flowrate input noise instantaneous acquiring module, and by the module and geography information module
It is attached, carries out noise simulation using Cadna/A, import the Urban Spatial Morphology data and sound source instantaneous acquiring data,
Using 5m × 5m as sizing grid, to be to receive height apart from ground 1.5m, simulation, the building table of exterior space noise circumstance are carried out
The simulation of face noise circumstance and specified section spatial noise environmental simulation；
(2.4) it takes an actual measurement at random using sound level meter and is compared with analog result, complete the check to prediction data；
(2.5) after checking, noise is divided into four ranks: first level, space sound pressure level is to be more than in 70dB or more
The regions of 4 class acoustic environment functional areas limit values；Second level is block space of the space sound pressure level between 60dB and 70dB, place
Sound level range in 3 classes, 4 class acoustic environment functional areas；Third level is that block of the space sound pressure level between 50dB and 60dB is empty
Between, it is in the sound level range of 1 class, 2 class acoustic environment functional areas, belongs to more quiet region；Fourth level is space sound pressure level
In the block space below 50dB, it is noise that the sound level level of the space-like, which has reached the noise level limit of 0 class acoustic environment functional areas,
The preferable block space of environment, the good noise pattern of subregion is exported, noise zoning model is established.
Further, step (3) the following steps are included:
(3.1) country of China and place law relevant to noise, regulation and specification are collected, legislations for noise management is established
Library facilitates and is consulted；
(3.2) noise zoning model is connect with legislations for noise management library, inputs the noise figure of target area, road is handed over
It passes to and architectural modulus, is extracted in noise zoning with legislations for noise management library, both output comparison result, if not meeting
It is required that then being optimized to plot ratio；
(3.3) it by the plot ratio index translation building storey and plane figure form after optimization, is carried out in Cadna/A
Target area noise is simulated again, until meeting related request, data after optimization are stored by GIS and EXCEL tool,
In order to access, the optimization of plot ratio is completed.
The utility model has the advantages that 1, practical operability: traditional noise testing, it is necessary to need the automatic monitoring point of enough noises
Position is just able to achieve in conjunction with reliable geographic information data, this will consume a large amount of man power and material's investment；The method of the present invention base
In practical operability principle, carried out simply after carrying out data collection using easy instant sampling and measuring method and ancillary equipment
Data processing, conversion, operation, complete collection to noise, while using road network as the division in region, these data sources in
Internet map, obtains and with conveniently, renewal speed is fast, allows domestic each city quickly to carry out noise zoning and grinds
Study carefully, conducive to the popularization of noise zoning model in China；
2, update real-time: the basic data of the method for the present invention has real-time, and the simplicity of measurement determines noise point
The convenience that area updates, while can be in conjunction with noise circumstance requirement instantly, and subregion speed is fast, and the subregion update cycle is short, institute
Being suitable for the current noise evaluation in city with division result can adjust rapidly when facing the suddenly change of environment, complete
The real-time update of pairs of noise zoning model can adjust in terms of plot ratio optimization in conjunction with newest prescribed requirement；
3, science of programming: the determination of China's plot ratio at present rely on mostly the personal experience of planner to plot ratio into
Row lacks quantitative data and supports, the intellection of human brain relied on during determination, in the reasonability and accuracy of judgement
Upper to there is limitation, the result of planning tends not to the optimal case of referred to as plot ratio subregion, more lacks to environment such as noises
The considerations of elements affect, the method for the present invention carry out plot ratio determination and optimization after fully considering influence of noise, pass through spatial shape
And the combination of noise control, more scientific and reasonable improvement resident's sound environment quality, improve urban environment comfort and livable property.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method for the present invention flow chart；
Fig. 2 is embodiment City Vector three-dimensional map module；
Fig. 3 is embodiment city noise partition model；Wherein, (a) is Nanjing Xin Jie Kou center sound pressure level block space
Distribution (b) is Nanjing Xin Jie Kou center sound pressure level block spatial distribution, is (c) 50dB-60dB sound pressure level block space point
Cloth (d) is 60dB-70dB sound pressure level block spatial distribution.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the implementation
Example.
Embodiment: a kind of city plot ratio optimization method based on noise zoning model, as shown in Figure 1, with Nanjing Xin Jie
Mouth is made a concrete analysis of for center:
1) soft using drawing in conjunction with remote sensing image by making an on-the-spot survey on the spot to Xin Jie Kou center in target area
Part (AUTOCAD) establishes spatial shape data of the urban geographic information module record city as unit of block:
1.1) avenue of Nanjing Xin Jie Kou center in present case, block, building spatial data mainly pass through
The dwg format landform electronic document and complete to the artificial vector quantization of the satellites aerophotograph figure such as google earth of Mapping departments' production
At obtaining, the data such as building and surrounding enviroment, building storey, height are obtained by investigation supplement acquisition on the spot in the block of update
Completely, accurately Xin Jie Kou center status land used vector graphics and dependent coordinate data.
1.2) conversion between different software for convenience copes with the vector graphics completed in step 1.1) and carries out letter
Change with the conversion of format, the screening to vector data information is completed, using AUTOCAD software by Nanjing Xin Jie Kou in step 1.1)
The vector data of center switchs to multi-section-line format.
1.3) vector data, is layered by the dwg file for switching to multi-section-line format according to step 1.2) in AUTOCAD
Processing encloses the new of plot land character envelope, architectural plane contour line and building storey including road axis, road
Figure layer completes the processing again to vector data.
1.4) will simplify in step 1.3) with treated Nanjing Xin Jie Kou center vector data dwg file with dwg,
The formats such as dxf, shp are stored, and convenient for importeding into the simulation of next stage, the present embodiment is unified to convert vector file to
Dxf format.
2) sound source instantaneous acquiring Database is completed by establishing noise instantaneous acquiring module in Xin Jie Kou center,
And connect it with geography information module, four classes for completing noise range of the Xin Jie Kou center as unit of block divide, construction
City noise partition model:
2.1) according to generation source, approach and the influence of noise, use traffic noise on urban roads as Nanjing Xin Jie
Mouth center noise parameter basic data, the number of noise instantaneous acquiring in job area is obtained according to the measurement method of multiple spot timing
According to.
2.2) according to the acquisition data in step 2.1), using vehicle flowrate as basic data, large car is attached most importance to in-between car
Type vehicle, compact car are common in-vehicle, and vehicle flowrate (the loaded vehicle ratio=heavy type of road is expressed in a manner of total vehicle number and loaded vehicle ratio
Vehicle quantity/total vehicle number).
2.3) by the self attributes of the road in job area (road width, road average speed, road speed limit value,
Road surface type etc.) and step 2.2) in vehicle flowrate number arranged in Microsoft Excel, establish in the Xin Jie Kou of Nanjing
Heart district noise instantaneous acquiring database.
2.4) noise instantaneous acquiring module and geography information module are attached, carry out noise simulation:
2.4.1) using Cadna/A software as noise prediction model software, by Nanjing Xin Jie Kou center in step 1.4)
Area's dwg file imports in Cadna/A, high with building height=* layers of building storey, completes the three-dimensional scale of construction of input " building " soft
Building in part.
2.4.2 the setting of noise instantaneous acquiring data parameters) is carried out according to the noise database in step 2.3), by database
In road width, hour vehicle flowrate, road speed limit value, the space attribute of road surface type etc. and the wagon flow put in order
Amount data carry out typing in the attribute set interface of road pel in Cadna/A software.
2.4.3 it) selects with the sizing grid of 5m*5m, using plane 1.5m where human ear height as height is received, as mould
The quasi- setting for calculating sizing grid and receiving height, uses in architectural establishment and does not calculate sound source and building while building height
Interior zone.
2.5) output with analogue data information and corresponding city noise image and data, completion to different brackets noise
Processing, complete noise zoning model building.
2.5.1) data check, by the data simulated and using cel-430 integration type sound level meter specified time period on the spot
It measures and reads equivalent sound pressure level data and compare check, if data difference is larger, to the parameter in parameter input unit
It is adjusted.The measured result of analog result and integration type sound level meter in the present embodiment coincide substantially, and parameter setting is substantially smart
Standard, as shown in Figure 2.
2.5.2) after checking, the noise of Nanjing Xin Jie Kou center is divided into four ranks: first level, space acoustic pressure
Grade is the region for being more than 4 class acoustic environment functional areas limit values in 70dB or more；Second level be space sound pressure level 60dB with
Block space between 70dB, the sound level range in 3 classes, 4 class acoustic environment functional areas；Third level is that space sound pressure level exists
Block space between 50dB and 60dB is in the sound level range of 1 class, 2 class acoustic environment functional areas, belongs to more quiet area
Domain；Fourth level is space sound pressure level in the block space below 50dB, and the sound level level of the space-like has reached 0 class acoustic environment
The noise level limit of functional areas is the preferable block space of noise circumstance.Using noisemapping function by simulation predicting analysis
As a result it is exported respectively according to grade, as shown in Figure 3.
2.5.3) measuring point can be set in designated position using survey sound point function, reads the center sunykatuib analysis of Nanjing Xin Jie Kou
As a result data, and can export to statistical analysis software and be stored and analyzed, complete Xin Jie Kou center noise zoning model
Building.
3) plot ratio optimization module is established, target area is carried out according to the plot ratio index in target area in partition model
The noise simulation in domain, analogue noise are compared with relevant laws and regulations noise requirements, to optimize to plot ratio:
3.1) country of China and place law relevant to noise, regulation and specification are collected, legislations for noise management is established
Library facilitates and is consulted.
3.2) read out from the storing data library of Xin Jie Kou center noise zoning model target area noise figure,
The related datas such as road traffic and building, compare step 3.1) in pertinent regulations, if it does not meet the requirements, then to plot ratio into
Row optimization.
3.3) by the plot ratio index after optimization in step 3.2) translate to parameter in Cadna/A, including building storey with
And plane figure, the simulation again of target area noise is carried out, until meeting related request.Data after optimization are stored,
In order to access, the optimization of plot ratio is completed.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of city plot ratio optimization method based on noise zoning model, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) in target area, establish urban geographic information module in conjunction with remote sensing image by making an on-the-spot survey on the spot, record city with
Block is the Urban Spatial Morphology data of unit；
(2) sound source instantaneous acquiring database is established by noise instantaneous acquiring module, and it is connect with geography information module into
Four classes of noise range of the row as unit of block divide, construction city noise partition model；
(3) plot ratio optimization module is established, target area is carried out according to the plot ratio index in target area in partition model
Noise simulation, analogue noise is compared with relevant laws and regulations noise requirements, to optimize to plot ratio；
(4) it is exported automatically eventually by professional drawing equipment as can directly reference and the engineering drawing that uses；
Wherein, step (2) the following steps are included:
(2.1) it uses traffic noise on urban roads as noise parameter basic data, is acquired according to the measurement method of multiple spot timing
Wagon flow data in job area on road；
(2.2) vehicle flowrate is calculated according to collected wagon flow data, expresses vehicle flowrate in a manner of total vehicle number and loaded vehicle ratio, always
Vehicle number=heavy goods vehicles number+common in-vehicle number, loaded vehicle ratio=heavy goods vehicles number/total vehicle number, large car and in-between car are classified as heavy goods vehicles,
Compact car is classified as common in-vehicle；
(2.3) by road attribute and vehicle flowrate input noise instantaneous acquiring module, and the module and geography information module are carried out
Connection carries out noise simulation using Cadna/A, the Urban Spatial Morphology data and sound source instantaneous acquiring data is imported, with 5m
× 5m is sizing grid, to be to receive height apart from ground 1.5m, carries out the simulation of exterior space noise circumstance, building surface is made an uproar
Acoustic environment simulation and specified section spatial noise environmental simulation；
(2.4) it takes an actual measurement at random using sound level meter and is compared with analog result, complete the check to prediction data；
(2.5) after checking, noise is divided into four ranks: first level, for space sound pressure level in 70dB or more, being has been more than 4
The region of class acoustic environment functional areas limit value；Second level is block space of the space sound pressure level between 60dB and 70dB, is in 3
Class, 4 class acoustic environment functional areas sound level range；Third level is block space of the space sound pressure level between 50dB and 60dB,
It is in the sound level range of 1 class, 2 class acoustic environment functional areas, belongs to more quiet region；Fourth level is that space sound pressure level exists
The block space below 50dB, the sound level level in the space have reached the noise level limit of 0 class acoustic environment functional areas, are noise circumstances
Preferable block space, the good noise pattern of subregion is exported, noise zoning model is established.
2. the city plot ratio optimization method according to claim 1 based on noise zoning model, it is characterised in that: step
(1) the following steps are included:
(1.1) complete, accurate job area and peripheral extent status land used are obtained with google earth according to practical mapping,
Draw the vector graphics and dependent coordinate data as unit of block；
(1.2) the dwg file obtained according to step (1.1), carries out layered shaping, including road for vector data in AUTOCAD
Lu Zhizheng line, road enclose the new figure layer of plot land character envelope, architectural plane contour line and building storey.
3. the city plot ratio optimization method according to claim 1 based on noise zoning model, it is characterised in that: step
(3) the following steps are included:
(3.1) country of China and place law relevant to noise, regulation and specification are collected, legislations for noise management library is established；
(3.2) noise zoning model and legislations for noise management library are connect, input noise figure, the road traffic of target area with
And architectural modulus, it is extracted in noise zoning with legislations for noise management library, both output comparison result is wanted if not meeting
It asks, then plot ratio is optimized；
(3.3) by the plot ratio index translation building storey and plane figure form after optimization, target is carried out in Cadna/A
Noise region is simulated again, until meeting related request, data after optimization are stored by GIS and EXCEL tool, so as to
In accessing, the optimization of plot ratio is completed.
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| CN109816581A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-28 | 东南大学 | A kind of urban land automatic recognition system of comprehensive industry situation big data and Form of Architecture |
| CN109934919B (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-12-17 | 邓小兵 | Method and system for rapidly determining interference degree of noise to adjacent geospatial development |
| CN112257290A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Noise simulation method, system, terminal and storage medium |
| CN113420588B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-12-13 | 东南大学 | Method, device and equipment for establishing visual road noise field and computer storage medium |
| CN117173893B (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-02-20 | 广东车卫士信息科技有限公司 | Vehicle early warning method and system based on electronic license plate |
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