CN105911555B - A kind of boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method and device based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor - Google Patents
A kind of boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method and device based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105911555B CN105911555B CN201610240843.8A CN201610240843A CN105911555B CN 105911555 B CN105911555 B CN 105911555B CN 201610240843 A CN201610240843 A CN 201610240843A CN 105911555 B CN105911555 B CN 105911555B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method and device based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor.Gathered in real time using photoelectric encoder engine rotation speed synchronizing signal and top dead centre signal and export control to system with data acquisition process unit；The reference signal and echo-signal of receiving unit reception transmitter unit are simultaneously converted into electric signal；After peripheral data processing of circuit, by differentiating constantly its time interval is calculated with time-interval-unit, by system control with data acquisition process unit according to algorithm deadline interval and conversion of the arm away from value, and realize correspondence of the arm away from value Yu crank shaft angle angle value.Transmitter unit is arranged with receiving unit homonymy, it is connected between cylinder crank arm to be measured without hardware, it is not in the situation that connecting rod hits table, the present invention uses 9 methods, the arm as the point is averaged away from value, measurement error can be eliminated, improves difference crank spread accuracy of detection, is measured particularly suitable for large-diameter marine diesel horn away from value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to internal combustion engine observation and control technology and fault diagnosis and repair fields.
Background technology
Bent axle accounts for 40% of complete machine or so as the most important component of boat diesel engine, cost.Crankshaft structure is complicated, stress
It concentrates seriously, additional stress is big.It is particularly low and when main bearing wear is uneven in crankshaft structure intensity, axis bending can be caused,
Accelerate flexural fatigue damage, breaking axis occur under extreme case.Therefore, periodic detection is carried out away from value to crank arm, becomes and sentence
The important parameter of disconnected crankshaft center line state, while be also that prevention bent axle bends the important means of fatigue rupture.
Measurement of the marine diesel engine crankshaft arm away from value at present still mechanically turns a grade table manual measurement method using traditional.Measurement
When need to will turn grade table on the fixed position between the crank arm, and require parallel with crank journal.For in operation
Diesel engine, since piston connecting rod unit has been mounted on bent axle, when crank to be measured is in the arm of lower dead point position away under value L,
Connecting rod is exactly among the crank arm of both sides, and turning grade table can not install, in practical operation, crank-pin bottom dead centre arm away from value L
Under will be located at 15 ° of before the bottom dead center and after bottom dead center 15 ° by crank-pin (number of degrees not have strict regulations, only require symmetrical and do not touch connecting rod
Subject to) two positions arm is away from 15 ° of average value replaces 15 ° before value L, after L, i.e. under L=(before L 15 ° after 15 ° of+L)/2.Therefore pacify
In the case of load bar, to survey 0 °, 90 °, 165 °, 195 °, the arm of 270 ° of five crank positions away from value, wherein 0 ° is top dead centre
Position by pressing positive hull vehicle, can once fill table and complete the arm of 5 crank positions away from value measurement.Due to the reading of crank angle
And grade reading of table numerical value is turned there are measurement error, and measured in the case where there is connecting rod, be susceptible to connecting rod and turn a grade table
Bump against, cause to turn a grade table come off damage the problem of.To overcome the problems, such as this, Liu Baiyun, Zhu Baocheng of naval engineering university et al.
The difference crank spread that diesel engine is attempted with laser and linear array displacement measurement system measures, and method is novel, but since crankshaft center line becomes
Shape deforms and collapses waist there are two types of i.e. haunch and deforms, and above-mentioned measuring method can only be applicable in a kind of deformation, and there are the limitations of measurement
Property.Woods golden watch, the Wang Yong of Collects The American University devise a kind of sensor that difference crank spread measurement is realized using Hall effect, by limited
Element method calculates the spatial distribution of cylinder permanent magnet surrounding magnetic field, has studied the position that two permanent magnet homopolarities are arranged symmetrically
With influence of the relative installation of Hall element and permanent magnet to sensor microdisplacement measurement precision, but the measurement of this method
Scope is restricted, and only in the range of 0-2mm, the output and displacement of measuring system are in a linear relationship, are then measured beyond this scope
Precision is present with relatively large deviation.
The content of the invention
In view of this, present disclosure is to provide a kind of ship based on crankshaft position sensor and laser range sensor
Oceangoing ship diesel engine difference crank spread detection method and device.What it was susceptible to when not only can be to avoid using mechanical instrument manual measurement
Connecting rod hits table problem, and reliability improves；And high certainty of measurement, measurement error can be minimized.Particularly suitable for large cylinder
The difference crank spread measurement of footpath boat diesel engine, there is larger application prospect and the market space.
Boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method provided by the invention based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor,
Comprise the following steps：
1) photoelectric encoder is mounted on diesel engine by the step of obtaining the rotation speed synchronizing signal of engine and top dead centre signal
Crankshaft free-end, gather to export after the rotation speed synchronizing signal of engine and top dead centre signal in real time and be adopted to system control and data
Collect processing unit；
2) the step of obtaining reference laser light signal and echo-signal, by the laser pulse emission unit of laser range sensor
On the crank arm of diesel engine cylinder to be measured, with receiving unit homonymy arrange, for send in real time laser pulse signal and
Reference signal；Receiving unit is used to receive reference laser light signal and echo-signal and is converted to electric signal；
3) the step of calculating reference laser light signal and echo-signal time interval, by peripheral data circuit to reference signal
It is amplified, filters and shaping with echo-signal electric signal, be output to and differentiate constantly and time-interval-unit, moment differentiate
With time-interval-unit using reference signal as timing start time, using laser echo signal as timing finish time,
And the time interval of two signals is calculated accordingly；
4) detecting step of difference crank spread, the Z signals that system Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit is exported with photoelectric encoder
As counter trigger signal, the a-signal square wave number often transferred out is counted, converses institute's test arm away from the corresponding song of value
Difference crank spread is acquired in Shaft angle position according to gained arm away from value；
Under conditions of the non-installing connecting rods of diesel engine, the arms of four points is taken to the detection of diesel engine difference crank spread away from value, i.e., on
Dead-centre position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position, at 270 ° of crank angles；Under conditions of installing connecting rods, to diesel oil
The test position of machine difference crank spread takes five points, i.e. top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, 15 ° of positions before bottom dead center, and lower dead center
15 ° of positions afterwards, at 270 ° of crank angles；The arm of corresponding each point uses away from being worth using 9 methods measurements and just reverses each circle survey
Amount, takes corresponding each point average value, then takes aforementioned four point or so that the arm of 4 points is respectively taken to amount to away from value, be averaged conduct at 9 points
The arm of the point is away from value.
Provided by the present invention detected based on the boat diesel engine difference crank spread of photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor is filled
Put including：
Laser range sensor, including laser pulse emission unit and receiving unit, laser pulse signal transmitter unit, peace
Mounted in the normal place of crank to be measured, function is to emit the optical signal of specific wavelength, and a part is through beam splitting chip, as ginseng
Examine pulse signal and be converted to electric signal by PIN pipes, be sent to peripheral data circuit be filtered, amplify and shaping after, as meter
Shi Qidian, Startup time differentiates starts timing with the timer of time-interval-unit；Another part is reflected by refracting prisms,
Homed on its target；Receive signal element be mounted on crank on, and with transmitter unit homonymy, function receive laser pulse send
The optical signal of reception is simultaneously converted into the DC signal for being converted into certain voltage value by echo-signal, by peripheral data circuit tune
After reason, as end point when differentiating the timer with time-interval-unit constantly；
Peripheral data circuit, is connected with echo-signal and reference burst signal, for being put in real time to input signal
Greatly, filtering and shaping export the time for moment discriminating and time-interval-unit, calculating reference pulse and echo impulse
Interval is sent into system control and data acquisition process unit, time interval is scaled arm away from value.
Photoelectric encoder be mounted on engine crankshaft free-end, for gather in real time the rotation speed synchronizing signal of engine and
Top dead centre signal is simultaneously exported to system control and data acquisition process unit；
Wherein, externally output has tri- channel signals of A, B, C, the C to the photoelectric encoder simultaneously in rotation process
Channel signal is top dead centre signal, when installing photoelectric encoder, should make the crankshaft top dead center position one of C-channel signal and cylinder to be measured
It causes.The A channel or channel B signal can be as the rotation speed synchronizing signals of diesel engine.
System is controlled and form by core of microcontroller with data acquisition process unit, with photoelectric encoder and moment discriminating and
Time-interval-unit is connected, and the system control is collecting top dead centre with the counter in data acquisition process unit
After signal, using the top dead centre signal of photoelectric encoder as the counting trigger signal of counter, to rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave into
Row counts, and is preset by the initial value to counter, it can be achieved that often gathering a rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, counter generates one
Secondary overflow is interrupted, and performs interrupt task：Differentiated using reference pulse as the moment and time-interval-unit Timer
Timing starts trigger signal, and end signal during using laser echo signal as timer calculates reference pulse and echo impulse
Time interval, and this numerical value is sent into system control and data acquisition process unit, according to formula algorithm, be converted into arm away from
Value.Meanwhile according to the number counting to the A or B signal that often transfer out after photoelectric encoder output C signal, converse institute's test arm
Away from the corresponding crank angle position of value, and crank angle and arm are preserved away from value in the form of two-dimensional array.
For 90 ° of top dead centre, bent axle, lower dead center and 270 ° of four acquisitions of position arm away from value are enclosed using just reversing each one
Measurement, takes corresponding each point average value, then takes aforementioned four point or so that the arm of 4 points is respectively taken to amount to away from value, be averaged work at 9 points
For the point arm away from value, i.e., using 9 methods, measurement error can be eliminated, improve difference crank spread accuracy of detection.
By above measurement scheme provided by the invention as it can be seen that compared with existing measuring method, the present invention is based on laser
The marine diesel horn of distance measuring sensor and photoelectric encoder is away from value measurement method, peace when not only can be to avoid manual measurement
Full hidden danger, avoid occurring in measurement process connecting rod hit performance as；But also measurement accuracy can be improved, reduce measurement error.
Particularly suitable for measurement of the large-diameter marine diesel horn away from value, there are larger application prospect and the market space.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to measure overview flow chart of the boat diesel engine arm away from value based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor；
Fig. 2 is the principle assumption diagram of photoelectric encoder；
Fig. 3 is the passage A of photoelectric encoder output and the oscillogram of pass B signal；
Fig. 4 is laser pulse ranging schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 forms for embodiment arm away from value measurement mechanism；
Fig. 6 is the position of laser pulse ranging sensor mounting location and sampled data points.
Fig. 7 is the side schematic view of Fig. 6.
Specific embodiment
In order to which those skilled in the art is made to more fully understand the present invention program, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with embodiment to this
Invention illustrates.
1st, boat diesel engine model SMIT Bolnes SB-L300 are two-stroke uniflow scavenging supercharged marine diesel engine, bent
Armshaft is away from value theoretical value 167mm.
2nd, in the present invention, it is necessary to which explanation, during jiggering, the angle between engine crankshaft and top dead centre claims
For crank angle.For engine, when piston does reciprocating linear motion in cylinder, when piston upwards to extreme higher position,
That is the top land extreme position farthest apart from bent axle pivot is known as top dead centre.
In the present invention, it is necessary to explanation, the photoelectric encoder, be it is a kind of will be on output shaft by opto-electronic conversion
Geometry of machinery displacement is converted into the sensor of pulse or digital quantity, is to apply most sensors at present.The photoelectric coding
Device is mainly made of grating disc and photoelectric detection system.In servo-drive system, since grating disc is coaxial with engine, engine rotation
When turning, grating disc rotates with motor and passes through the photoelectric detection system detection being made of electronic components such as light emitting diodes at the same speed
Several pulse signals are exported, theory structure is as shown in Fig. 2, therefore, in the present invention it is possible to by calculating photoelectric coding per second
Device exports the number of pulse to judge the angle of the bent axle of cylinder to be measured and top dead centre.
The photoelectric encoder includes tri- passages of A, B, C, the rotation axis per revolution in Fig. 2, referring to Fig. 3, leads to
Road A and pass B signal be it is reversed each other, passage A and passage B will corresponding output fixed quantity pulse signal, if exporting
360, then it represents that the often degree corner of rotation axis can export a square-wave pulse.In addition, channel C is not drawn into Fig. 3 in rotation axis
A square-wave pulse can be only exported when rotating a circle, and in view of engine rotates a circle only there are one top dead centre, the two is corresponding,
Therefore in the present invention, it is top dead centre signal to define the C-channel signal, and the rotating speed that A channel or channel B signal are known as engine is same
Walk signal.
It should be noted that photoelectric encoder is installed on engine crankshaft, engine crankshaft often rotates once, corresponding light
Photoelectric coder also rotates once, and exports the pulse square wave signal of 2 0-5V, this signal is rotation speed synchronizing signal.
The photoelectric encoder can externally export tri- channel signals of A, B, C simultaneously in rotation process, and each photoelectricity is compiled
Code device has the external output lead of above-mentioned 3 passages, can facilitate external acquisition signal.In the present invention, it is by the light
The rotation speed synchronizing signal and top dead centre signal of photoelectric coder acquisition are connected to microcontroller, and (i.e. system Control ＆ data acquisition processing is single
Member) interface on, in favor of microcontroller generation control signal and carry out signal acquisition process.
It should be noted that photoelectric encoder is in addition to being used for engine, it may also be used for other occasions, such as motor speed
Measurement etc., can be used in engine, there are fixed just because of the course of work of the signal characteristic and engine of its A and C-channel
Correspondence, in a working cycles of engine, bent axle can rotate a circle, and corresponding encoder also rotates a circle.Engine
One working cycles only has 1 top dead centre, when being equipped with photoelectric encoder on engine crankshaft, can artificially compile photoelectricity
The C-channel signal of code device aligns with top dead centre, and such engine can realize synchronous and same-phase rotation with encoder, be equivalent to
The rotation situation of engine crankshaft is externally exported in real time, convenient for grasping the rotation phase of engine.
In the present invention, in specific implementation, the system Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit is single-chip computer AT89C52.
(i.e. the counting trigger signal of counter is photoelectric encoder to counter in the microcontroller after top dead centre signal is collected
Top dead centre signal), start to be counted according to rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, in counter overflow, during according to counter overflow
The number of the rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave of photoelectric encoder output calculates the cylinder crank obtained since top dead centre and turns
Angle size (i.e. the corner dimension of crank and top dead centre).
Fig. 4 is the fundamental diagram of laser pulse ranging sensor.It is understood with reference to figure 4, laser is triggered, mounted on crank
Position to be measured sends laser pulse, and part energy penetrates beam splitting chip, and peripheral data circuit is directly sent to as with reference to pulse
Pulse collection system, as time zero, Startup time differentiate with time-interval-unit in timer starts timing；
Another part is reflected by refracting prisms, homed on its target.Wave beam is reflected by target surface, and it is single back to receiving to generate echo-signal
Member, receiving unit are connected with peripheral data circuit, and echo-signal is converted to electric signal by amplifying, filter, after shaping, are sent into
Moment differentiates terminates timing with time-interval-unit, and gained time interval signal is exported at system Control ＆ data acquisition
Processing unit is managed, time interval △ t are with relation formula of the arm away from value △ L：
△ L=c* △ t/2, wherein c are the light velocity
System Control ＆ data acquisition processing processing unit is by arm away from value and corresponding crank angle in a manner of two-dimensional array
It preserves, in case follow-up difference crank spread calculates analysis.
Fig. 5 is provided by the invention a kind of total away from value measurement mechanism based on crankshaft position sensor and distance measuring sensor arm
Into.
Laser range sensor selects CP35MHT80, and is allowed to be fixed on crank arm to be measured.
Moment differentiates selects integrated chip TDC-GP2 with time-interval-unit,
To meet arm away from value measurement accuracy, the synchronization of 24 or more is often transferred out in the specification requirement of photoelectric encoder
Signal.Example selects Omron photoelectric encoder model：E6C2-CWZ6C), crankshaft of diesel engine free end is installed to, is often transferred out
360 rotation speed synchronizing signal square waves.
The top dead centre signal for the diesel engine that photoelectric encoder according to crankshaft free-end is installed to exports and synchronization letter
Number, it is installed to using laser range sensor on crank arm to be measured, each synchronization letter of corresponding photoelectric encoder output
Number rising edge, transmitter unit send the laser signal with specific wavelength, and a part through PIN pipes with reference to signal as being converted to electricity
Signal is sent to peripheral data circuit and carries out signal amplification, and filtering, shaping are sent into moment discriminating and time-interval-unit, are made
Start the trigger signal of timing for its internal timer, another part laser beam of transmitter unit is through prism directive offside crank arm
And echo-signal is generated, receiving unit receives echo-signal after APD pipes are converted to electric signal, is sent at peripheral data circuit
Reason as the timing end signal differentiated constantly with time-interval-unit internal timer, calculates time interval, modulus
System control and data acquisition process unit are sent into after conversion, is converted into arm away from value, while according to the square wave of rotation speed synchronizing signal
Number is scaled crank angle position, and most arm is preserved away from value and angular position composition two-dimensional array at last.
System Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit, referring to Fig. 5, core is AT89C52 microcontrollers, mono- by AT89C52
The top dead centre signal (Z signals) of the P2.3 mouth acquisition photoelectric encoders of piece machine is generated to overflow and interrupted using the rising edge of this signal,
Into interrupt routine；Using the rotation speed synchronizing signal (a-signal) of P2.4 mouthfuls of acquisition photoelectric encoders, it is same often to collect a rotating speed
Signal is walked, then the timer 1 built in microcontroller is generated once to count to overflow and interrupted, and triggering laser pulse emission unit is sent once
Optical signal.Microcontroller gathers a time interval numerical value simultaneously.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the position of laser pulse trigger installation site and sampled data points.Under normal circumstances, pass
Sensor is mounted on crank, and at crank pin center (S+D)/2, wherein S is the stroke of diesel engine, and D is cylinder diameter.
Implementation process：Referring to attached drawing 1, after laser pulse emission unit and receiving unit are fixed to crank homonymy to be measured,
Barring gear is connected, diesel engine compared with the slow-speed of revolution slowly to rotate, and when top dead center position reaches, photoelectric encoder sends C signal
That is top dead centre signal, triggers the counter in system Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit, that is, 89C52 microcontrollers, and counter starts
A-signal, that is, rotation speed synchronizing signal of photoelectric encoder is counted, a square wave often occurs in a-signal, during counter generates
It is disconnected, start output drive signal and laser pulse emission unit is caused to generate an optical signal, this optical signal is all the way as with reference to letter
Number be directly entered peripheral data circuit after PIN pipes are converted to electric signal, be filtered, amplify, shaping, the driving moment differentiate with
Timer in time-interval-unit starts timing, and the optical signal another way of transmitter unit reaches generation echo letter after target
Number, this signal is after APD pipes are converted to electric signal, then is filtered through peripheral data circuit, amplifies, shaping, drives the moment
Differentiate and terminate timing with the timer in time-interval-unit, and calculate time interval, be sent into system control and data
Acquisition process unit, according to △ L=c* △ t/2, wherein c is the light velocity, arm is obtained away from value, in combination with to rotation speed synchronizing signal
Square wave technology can obtain each arm away from the corresponding crank angle of value, and system Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit will be with two-dimemsional number
Group form is preserved, and also be may be output to upper computer if necessary and is preserved.
It is enclosed by measuring diesel engine rotating each one, obtains 720 data, then corresponding points are subjected to average, obtain 360
The arm of point position is away from value.
Under conditions of the non-installing connecting rods of diesel engine, the arms of four points is usually taken to the detection of diesel engine difference crank spread away from value,
That is top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position, at 270 ° of crank angles.
For this purpose, in 360 obtained point position arms away from value, 5 ° are chosen before top dead centre, 4 °, 3 °, 2 °, top dead centre, top dead centre
2 ° afterwards, 3 °, 4 °, 5 °, amount at 9 points, corresponding arm is respectively away from value：167.313mm 167.734mm, 167.572mm,
167.503mm, 167.515mm, 167.527mm, 167.312mm, 167.210mm, 167.321mm.9 points it is average after obtain stopping
The arm of point is 167.445mm away from value
It can similarly obtain at 90 ° of crank angles and adjacent front and rear 4 points of arms for amounting at 9 points are respectively away from value：166.308mm
166.734mm, 166.432mm, 166.402mm, 166.325mm, 166.327mm, 166.207mm, 166.112mm,
166.101mm.9 points it is average after to obtain the arm of top dead centre away from value be 166.327mm
9 arms at lower dead center are respectively away from value：166.313mm, 166.105mm, 166.112mm, 167.203mm,
166.177mm, 166.225mm, 166.314mm, 166.410mm, 166.428mm.9 points it is average after obtain the arm of top dead centre away from value
For 166.365mm
9 arms at 270 ° of crank angles are respectively away from value：167.421mm 167.773mm, 167.662mm,
167.511mm, 167.431mm, 167.517mm, 167.321mm, 167.116mm, 167.335mm.9 points it is average after obtain stopping
The arm of point is 167.454mm away from value
It can thus be concluded that the difference crank spread value at stop is 167.445-166.365=1.080mm up and down, illustrate that axis collapses
Waist deforms but in prescribed limit, belongs to normal.
Under conditions of installing connecting rods, five points, i.e. top dead centre position are usually taken to measurement position of the diesel oil horn away from value
It puts, at 90 ° of crank angles, 15 ° of positions before bottom dead center, 15 ° of positions after bottom dead center, at 270 ° of crank angles, the arm of corresponding each point
It is still measured away from value using 9 methods, then
Arm at top dead centre is respectively away from value：167.546mm,167.981mm,168.032mm,168.746mm,
168.125mm, 168.213mm, 168.014mm, 167.996mm, 167.745mm, 9 points it is average after obtain arm at top dead centre away from
It is worth for 168.044mm.
At 90 ° of crank angles and adjacent front and rear 4 points of arms for amounting at 9 points are respectively away from value：166.128mm 166.726mm,
166.532mm, 166.404mm, 166.452mm, 166.417mm, 166.227mm, 166.114mm, 166.123mm.9 points are averaged
It is 166.347mm that the arm of top dead centre is obtained afterwards away from value
Blocking, it is necessary to each 15 ° of position measures respectively after Before Bottom Dead Center due to connecting rod, marches on towards hair at lower dead center
The bright point using to each 15 ° places after before bottom dead center respectively adds measure at 4 points, that is, measures 19 ° before bottom dead center, 18 °, 17 °, 16 ° with
15 ° and 15 ° after bottom dead center, 16 °, 17 °, the 18 ° and 19 ° arms for amounting at 10 points are carrying out arithmetic average away from value, above-mentioned 10 points
Arm is respectively away from value：166.203mm, 166.102mm, 165.712mm, 165.203mm, 166.124mm, 165.452mm,
165.323mm,166.010mm,166.128mm,165.543mm.10 points it is average after obtain the arm of top dead centre and be away from value
165.780mm
9 arms at 270 ° of crank angles are respectively away from value：167.121mm 167.347mm, 167.582mm,
167.231mm, 166.937mm, 166.877mm, 167.241mm, 166.816mm, 167.455mm.9 points it is average after obtain stopping
The arm of point is 167.179mm away from value
It can thus be concluded that the difference crank spread value at stop is 168.347-165.780=3.567mm up and down, illustrate that axis collapses
Waist deforms, and since the weight of the connection rod set waist that causes to collapse becomes larger, in the allowed band upper limit, should strengthen management and safeguard.
The difference crank spread detection method developed can carry out multi-turn jiggering by detection device, carry out multigroup arm and adopted away from value measurement
Collect and average, compare mechanical instrument measurement can only the circle measurement of jiggering one, it is small there are random error to adopt data, using point used
Around add some points method i.e. 9 method or 10 methods, measurement error can be effectively eliminated, improve test data quality and difference crank spread detection essence
Degree.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection method based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor, feature exist
In comprising the following steps：
1) photoelectric encoder is mounted on the song of diesel engine by the step of obtaining the rotation speed synchronizing signal of engine and top dead centre signal
Axis free end is exported after gathering the rotation speed synchronizing signal of engine and top dead centre signal in real time at system Control ＆ data acquisition
Manage unit；
2) the step of obtaining reference laser light signal and echo-signal, the laser pulse emission unit of laser range sensor is installed
On the crank arm of diesel engine cylinder to be measured, arranged with receiving unit homonymy, for sending laser pulse signal and reference in real time
Signal；Receiving unit is used to receive reference laser light signal and echo-signal and is converted to electric signal；
3) the step of calculating reference laser light signal and echo-signal time interval to reference signal and is returned by peripheral data circuit
Ripple signal electric signal is amplified, filters and shaping, is output to and differentiates constantly and time-interval-unit, the moment differentiate and when
Between interval measurement unit using reference signal as timing start time, using laser echo signal as timing finish time, and according to
This calculates the time interval of two signals；
4) detecting step of difference crank spread, system Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit using the Z signals that photoelectric encoder exports as
Counter trigger signal counts the a-signal square wave number often transferred out, converses institute's test arm and turns away from the corresponding bent axle of value
Angle Position acquires difference crank spread according to gained arm away from value；
Under conditions of the non-installing connecting rods of diesel engine, the arm of four points is taken away from value, i.e. top dead centre to the detection of diesel engine difference crank spread
Position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position, at 270 ° of crank angles, the arm of corresponding each point is measured away from value using 9 methods, i.e.,
Using each circle measurement is just reversed, corresponding each point average value is taken, then takes premises or so that the arm of 4 points is respectively taken to amount to 9 away from value
Point is averaged the arm as the point away from value；Under conditions of installing connecting rods, five are taken to the test position of diesel engine difference crank spread
It is a, i.e. top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, 15 ° of positions before bottom dead center, 15 ° of positions after bottom dead center, 270 ° of crank angles
Place, the arm of corresponding each point are measured away from value using 9 methods, i.e., using each circle measurement is just reversed, take corresponding each point average value, then take
Premises or so respectively takes the arm of 4 points to amount to away from value, be averaged the arm as the point away from value at 9 points.
2. difference crank spread detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：System described in step 4) controls and data are adopted
After collecting the top dead centre signal that photoelectric encoder gathers in step 1) is collected of the counter in processing unit, believed with the top dead centre
Counting trigger signal number as system Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit counter, counts rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave
Number often gathers a rotation speed synchronizing signal square wave, and counter is generated to overflow and interrupted, and starts to perform interrupt task, to refer to arteries and veins
Signal is rushed as moment discriminating and the timing commencing signal of time-interval-unit Timer, using echo-signal as timing
Device timing end signal calculates the time interval of reference pulse and echo impulse, and this numerical value is sent into system control and data
Acquisition process unit according to time interval and relation formula of the arm away from value, is converted into arm away from value.
3. difference crank spread detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Basis is installed to crankshaft free-end in step 4)
Photoelectric encoder output diesel engine top dead centre signal and rotation speed synchronizing signal, be installed to and treated using laser range sensor
It surveys on crank arm, each rotation speed synchronizing signal rising edge of corresponding photoelectric encoder output, transmitter unit is sent with specific
The laser signal of wavelength, a part are sent to peripheral data circuit and carry out signal as electric signal is converted to through PIN pipes with reference to signal
Amplification, filtering, shaping are sent into moment discriminating and time-interval-unit, start the triggering of timing as its internal timer
Signal, another part laser beam of transmitter unit through prism directive offside crank arm and generate echo-signal, and receiving unit receives
Echo-signal after APD pipes are converted to electric signal, is sent into peripheral data processing of circuit, is surveyed as differentiating constantly with time interval
The timing end signal of unit internal timer is measured, calculates time interval, system control is sent into after analog-to-digital conversion and data are adopted
Collect processing unit, according to time interval and relation formula of the arm away from value, be converted into arm away from value.
4. difference crank spread detection method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Time interval △ t are with arm away from value △ L's
Relation formula is：
△ L=c* △ t/2, wherein c are the light velocity.
5. difference crank spread detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The photoelectric encoder is same in rotation process
When externally exported tri- channel signals of A, B, C, the C-channel signal is top dead centre signal, i.e., should be at the time of C signal occurs
At the time of tested cylinder crank is in top dead center position, the A channel or the rotation speed synchronizing signal that channel B signal is engine.
6. difference crank spread detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：System Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit with
Microcontroller forms for core, the output signal of photoelectric encoder is counted using microcontroller internal counter, in microcontroller
One, portion counter acquisition C signal, counts and interruption is generated when overflowing, start another counter and a-signal square wave is counted,
Each square wave of a-signal can be generated once to count to overflow and interrupted, and effect is to make system control defeated with data acquisition process unit
Go out a square-wave signal, control signal of this signal as laser pulse emission unit, while also serve as system control and data
Acquisition process unit to differentiating the sampling control signal with time-interval-unit output signal constantly.
7. difference crank spread detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Laser pulse emission unit and receiving unit
Normal mounting position is crank arm homonymy, and at crank pin center (S+D)/2, wherein S is the stroke of diesel engine, and D is cylinder diameter.
8. difference crank spread detection method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：By measuring each circle of diesel engine rotating,
Obtain 720 data, then corresponding points be subjected to average, obtain the arms of 360 point positions away from value, 360 obtained point position arms away from
In value, 9 points in 9 methods described in step 4) for choose respectively top dead center position, at 90 ° of crank angles, bottom dead center position,
First 5 ° of each test point at 270 ° of crank angles, 4 °, 3 °, 2 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 °, 5 ° of positions after test point and the test point, altogether
Count at 9 points.
9. a kind of boat diesel engine difference crank spread detection device based on photoelectric encoder and laser range sensor, feature exist
In, including：
Photoelectric encoder, mounted on the crankshaft free-end of diesel engine, for gather in real time the rotation speed synchronizing signal of engine and
Endstop signal simultaneously exports and gives system Control ＆ data acquisition unit；
Laser range sensor, including laser pulse emission unit and receiving unit, laser pulse emission unit is mounted on to be measured
Measure the normal place of crank, receiving unit is mounted on crank, and with transmitter unit homonymy, laser pulse emission unit is for real
When send laser pulse signal and reference signal；Receiving unit is used to receive reference laser light signal and echo-signal and is converted to electricity
Signal；
Peripheral data circuit, is connected with echo-signal and reference burst signal, for reference signal and echo-signal telecommunications
It number is amplified, filters and shaping, be output to and differentiate constantly and time-interval-unit；
System Control ＆ data acquisition processing unit differentiates with photoelectric encoder and moment and is connected with time-interval-unit
It connects, for receiving top dead centre signal, rotation speed synchronizing signal and the time interval time signal of photoelectric encoder output.
10. difference crank spread detection device as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that：The system Control ＆ data acquisition processing
Unit core is AT89C52 microcontrollers, passes through the top dead centre signal of the P2.3 mouth acquisition photoelectric encoders of AT89C52 microcontrollers；
Utilize the rotation speed synchronizing signal of P2.4 mouthfuls of acquisition photoelectric encoders.
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| CN108627851B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2021-05-11 | 金华市蓝海光电技术有限公司 | Integrated rotary machine core for laser radar sensor |
| CN113738509B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-07-12 | 安庆船用电器有限责任公司 | Automatic monitoring device for marine crank |
| CN116761079B (en) * | 2023-08-21 | 2023-11-03 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Fine tracking method, system and device for moving target of power transmission line |
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