CN105911308A - Wind speed and wind direction measurement method - Google Patents

Wind speed and wind direction measurement method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105911308A
CN105911308A CN201610411484.8A CN201610411484A CN105911308A CN 105911308 A CN105911308 A CN 105911308A CN 201610411484 A CN201610411484 A CN 201610411484A CN 105911308 A CN105911308 A CN 105911308A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
transducer
ultrasonic
wind speed
propagation time
ultrasound wave
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Pending
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CN201610411484.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
冯启源
苏晓丹
马建伟
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Zhongke Tongde (xiamen) Networking Technology Co Ltd
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Zhongke Tongde (xiamen) Networking Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610411484.8A priority Critical patent/CN105911308A/en
Publication of CN105911308A publication Critical patent/CN105911308A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • G01P5/245—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P13/00—Indicating or recording presence, absence, or direction, of movement
    • G01P13/02—Indicating direction only, e.g. by weather vane
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
    • G01P5/241—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by using reflection of acoustical waves, i.e. Doppler-effect
    • G01P5/244—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by using reflection of acoustical waves, i.e. Doppler-effect involving pulsed waves

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind speed and wind direction measurement method. The method comprises the following steps of firstly, arranging two pairs of ultrasonic transducers which are vertical to each other, are located in a same plane and possess a transmit-receive function, and arranging one ultrasonic reflection plate above the two pairs of ultrasonic transducers; secondly, measuring and acquiring propagation time of an ultrasonic wave which is received by the two transducers in each transducer pair from opposite sides through the ultrasonic reflection plate; and then, according to the measured ultrasonic wave propagation time and a spacing of the two opposite transducers in the corresponding ultrasonic transducer pair, acquiring a corresponding ultrasonic wave propagation speed; and finally, according to the corresponding ultrasonic wave propagation speed, calculating a wind speed and a wind direction. By using the method of the invention, wind speed and wind direction measurement does not influenced by an environment; measurement precision is high and a system cost is low.

Description

A kind of measuring method of wind speed and direction
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind speed and direction fields of measurement, particularly relate to the measuring method of a kind of ultrasonic wind speed and direction.
Background technology
Owing to mechanical type anemoclinograph is the most portable, service life of a machine is short and error big, therefore, uses the wind speed and direction instrument of ultrasound wave increasingly to be welcome by user.
Supercritical ultrasonics technology is measured the key technology of wind speed and direction and is, measures ultrasound wave spread speed between two ultrasonic transducers, the most ultrasonic accurate measurement from transmitting transducer to reception transducer propagation time.The method in ultrasonic measurement propagation time the most on the market has:
A: find peak-peak zero-crossing method: after transducer a has launched a number of ultrasonic signal, gathers the reception signal of ultrasound wave from transducer b.Receive first point-by-point comparison modulus (AD) sampled point after signals collecting completes, and find out the waveform of peak-peak, calculate the moment (zero crossing that wave-shape amplitude is maximum of its zero crossing, the zero crossing of corresponding last ripple that transmitted waveform is transmitted wave), the time difference between the zero crossing of the maximum ripple received by the zero crossing and transducer b calculating last ripple that transducer a sends be ultrasound wave from transducer a the time to the propagation of transducer b.The method needs quick AD sample and calculate peak-peak waveform, so increased on circuit cost, is not suitable for using comparatively cheap chip microcontroller.
B: find initial ripple method: receive, by measuring, the starting of oscillation waveform peak that transducer receives, calculates the initial ripple time receiving waveform, and the initial time of transmitted waveform and the initial time difference of onset wave are the ultrasonic time propagated at two transducers.The shortcoming of the method is: can introduce error or need to use and numerical calculation, the device cost of raising than the AD of higher speed.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide for overcoming the problems referred to above a kind of certainty of measurement high, measure the measuring method of low, the durable wind speed and direction of equipment cost.
To this end, the invention discloses the measuring method of a kind of wind speed and direction, comprise the following steps:
S1: two ultrasonic transducers with transmission-receiving function to being mutually perpendicular to and be in approximately the same plane are set, if the straight line that one pair of which ultrasonic transducer is linked to be is X axle, another straight line being linked to be ultrasonic transducer is Y axle, and is provided above a ultrasonic reflections plate at two pairs of ultrasonic transducers；
S2: measure respectively and obtain X-axis one of them transducer of transducer centering by ultrasonic reflections plate to the propagation time t of another one transducer transmission ultrasound wavex1With the another one transducer propagation time t by a ultrasonic reflections plate transducer transmission ultrasound wave whereinx2, and Y-axis one of them transducer of transducer centering by ultrasonic reflections plate to another one transducer send ultrasound wave propagation time ty1, another one transducer is by the propagation time t of a ultrasonic reflections plate transducer transmission ultrasound wave whereiny2, method particularly includes:
Use a string impulse wave excitation ultrasound transmitting transducer having phase shift, transducer end is received at ultrasound wave, the waveform received is carried out shaping, and search out the waveform pulse after shaping and have the time point of phase shift, the time difference of the phase shift point corresponding with the waveform launched after shaping then receives the ultrasonic propagation time from the other side for ultrasonic transducer；
S3: according to the ultrasonic propagation time t measuredx1、tx2、ty1、ty2, and the spacing of two transducers of the ultrasonic transducer Middle Phase pair of correspondence, draw corresponding ultrasonic propagation velocity Vx1、Vx2、Vy1、Vy2；
S4: by ultrasonic propagation velocity Vx1、Vx2、Vy1、Vy2, calculate the wind speed that passes through, wind direction is respectively as follows:
Wind speed: V=(((Vx2-Vx1) × cos β)2+ ((Vy2-Vy1) × cos β)2)1/2
Wind direction: ψ=θ+φ=arctan((Vx2- Vx1)/(Vy2-Vy1))+φ
Wherein, θ is the angle of wind direction ψ and X-coordinate axle, and φ is X, Y coordinate system and the angle of terrestrial coordinate system, and β is that ultrasonic transducer launches direction and X, the angle of Y coordinate system.
Further, in described step S2, impulse wave is the impulse wave of rectangle.
Further, in described step S2, before the ultrasound wave received is carried out shaping, also it is amplified filtering.
The Advantageous Effects of the present invention:
The present invention uses a string impulse wave excitation ultrasound transmitting transducer having phase shift, at receiving terminal, the waveform received is carried out shaping, and searches out and receive waveform pulse and have the time point of phase shift, thus draw the time that ultrasound wave is propagated between two transducers, Circuits System is required simple, common single-chip microcomputer can realize, low cost, and the wind speed and direction measured is the most affected by environment, certainty of measurement is high, and corresponding equipment Durability is long.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that schematic diagram arranged by the ultrasonic transducer in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the ultrasonic wave propagation path schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the timing chart in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the sinusoidal wave form figure in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the timing chart after the shaping in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described.
The measuring method of a kind of wind speed and direction, comprises the following steps:
S1: as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, two ultrasonic transducers 51,53 and 52,54 with transmission-receiving function to being mutually perpendicular to and be in approximately the same plane are set, if the straight line that one pair of which ultrasonic transducer 52,54 is linked to be is X axle, another is Y axle to the straight line that ultrasonic transducer 51,53 is linked to be, and is provided above a ultrasonic reflections plate 4 at two pairs of ultrasonic transducers.
S2: measure acquisition ultrasound wave respectively and launched ultrasound wave by transducer 54, and reflexed to the propagation time t of transducer 52 by ultrasonic reflections plate 4x1, transducer 52 launch ultrasound wave, and reflexed to the propagation time t of transducer 54 by ultrasonic reflections plate 4x2, launched ultrasound wave by transducer 53, and reflexed to the propagation time t of transducer 51 by ultrasonic reflections plate 4y1, launched ultrasound wave by transducer 51, and reflexed to the propagation time t of transducer 53 by ultrasonic reflections plate 4y2, method particularly includes:
S21: ultrasound transmitting transducer is applied a string impulse wave that cycle is T having phase shift, in the present embodiment, impulse wave uses rectangular wave pulse (can also be sine wave or triangular wave etc. in other embodiments), its waveform is as shown in Figure 3, by the moment corresponding for phase shift point (selecting at the beginning of the 1/2T of 11/12T end in the present embodiment, can also be other moment point in other embodiments) as initial time t1 of ultrasonic emitting.
S22: the ultrasound wave receiving ultrasound wave reception transducer is amplified filtering (removing noise jamming, strengthen useful signal intensity, thus improve certainty of measurement), obtains sinusoidal wave form, as shown in Figure 4.
S23: the sinusoidal wave form received is carried out shaping and obtains and launch the identical rectangular wave pulse with phase shift, as shown in Figure 5.
S24: by the impulse waveform after shaping is carried out rising edge counting, if continuously receiving the time cycle is T, 11/12T, 1/2T, T, 4 rising time points, then 11/12T end 1/2T just for time t2 and t1 during ultrasonic emitting between difference then receive the ultrasonic propagation time from the other side for ultrasonic transducer.
The benefit of the method is: 1. pair Circuits System requires simple, and common single-chip microcomputer both can realize；2., owing to, in the time period before and after test point, transmitting transducer has driving voltage, its signal capacity of resisting disturbance is strong, and the ultrasound propagation time of test is accurate.
S3: owing to the distance of ultrasonic transducer 51 and 53,52 and 54 is fixed, ultrasonic emitting angle can be measured in advance, thus the propagation distance of ultrasound wave is assured that, then according to measuring the ultrasonic propagation time t obtainedx1、tx2、ty1、ty2, corresponding ultrasound wave can be calculated and be transmitted into spread speed V of 52 by transducer 54x1, be transmitted into by transducer 52 54 spread speed Vx2, be transmitted into by transducer 53 51 spread speed Vy1, be transmitted into by transducer 51 53 spread speed Vy2。
S4: being located at ultrasonic transducer 51, in the rectangular coordinate system of 52,53,54 compositions, wind direction ψ is θ with the angle of this coordinate system X-axis, and this coordinate system and terrestrial coordinate system angle are φ, by spread speed Vx1、Vx2、Vy1、Vy2, can calculate and be respectively as follows: by wind speed therein, wind direction
Wind speed: V=(((Vx2-Vx1) × cos β)2+ ((Vy2-Vy1) × cos β)2)1/2
Wind direction: ψ=θ+φ=arctan((Vx2- Vx1)/(Vy2-Vy1))+φ.
Wherein, β is that ultrasonic transducer launches direction and X, the angle of Y coordinate system.
Concrete, in the present embodiment, β is 45 degree, then wind speed, wind direction are respectively as follows:
Wind speed: V=(((Vx2-Vx1)/1.414)2+ ((Vy2-Vy1)/1.414)2)1/2
Wind direction: ψ=θ+φ=arctan((Vx2- Vx1)/(Vy2-Vy1))+φ.
Although specifically showing in conjunction with preferred embodiment and describing the present invention; but those skilled in the art should be understood that; in the spirit and scope of the present invention limited without departing from appended claims; the present invention can be made a variety of changes in the form and details, be protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the measuring method of a wind speed and direction, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
S1: two ultrasonic transducers with transmission-receiving function to being mutually perpendicular to and be in approximately the same plane are set, if the straight line that one pair of which ultrasonic transducer is linked to be is X axle, another straight line being linked to be ultrasonic transducer is Y axle, and is provided above a ultrasonic reflections plate at two pairs of ultrasonic transducers；
S2: measure respectively and obtain X-axis one of them transducer of transducer centering by ultrasonic reflections plate to the propagation time t of another transducer transmission ultrasound wavex1With another transducer propagation time t by a ultrasonic reflections plate transducer transmission ultrasound wave whereinx2, and Y-axis one of them transducer of transducer centering by ultrasonic reflections plate to another transducer send ultrasound wave propagation time ty1, another transducer is by the propagation time t of a ultrasonic reflections plate transducer transmission ultrasound wave whereiny2, method particularly includes:
Use a string impulse wave excitation ultrasound transmitting transducer having phase shift, transducer end is received at ultrasound wave, the waveform received is carried out shaping, and search out the waveform pulse after shaping and have the time point of phase shift, the time difference of the phase shift point corresponding with the waveform launched after shaping then receives the ultrasonic propagation time from the other side for ultrasonic transducer；
S3: according to the ultrasonic propagation time t measuredx1、tx2、ty1、ty2, and the spacing of two transducers of the ultrasonic transducer Middle Phase pair of correspondence, draw corresponding ultrasonic propagation velocity Vx1、Vx2、Vy1、Vy2；
S4: by ultrasonic propagation velocity Vx1、Vx2、Vy1、Vy2, calculate the wind speed that passes through, wind direction is respectively as follows:
Wind speed: V=(((Vx2-Vx1) × cos β)2+ ((Vy2-Vy1) × cos β)2)1/2
Wind direction: ψ=θ+φ=arctan((Vx2- Vx1)/(Vy2-Vy1))+φ
Wherein, θ is the angle of wind direction ψ and X-coordinate axle, and φ is X, Y coordinate system and the angle of terrestrial coordinate system, and β is that ultrasonic transducer launches direction and X, the angle of Y coordinate system.
The measuring method of a kind of wind speed and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step S2, impulse wave is the impulse wave of rectangle.
The measuring method of a kind of wind speed and direction the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in described step S2, before the ultrasound wave received is carried out shaping, also it is amplified filtering.
CN201610411484.8A 2016-06-13 2016-06-13 Wind speed and wind direction measurement method Pending CN105911308A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107179420A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-09-19 赵辰 A kind of use directional ultrasonic measurement ship speed through water and the method in direction
CN109782018A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-05-21 济南大学 A kind of ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement experiment instrument and measurement method
CN110346600A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-10-18 南京信息工程大学 A kind of ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement method
CN111721967A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-09-29 威海精讯畅通电子科技有限公司 Small-sized ultrasonic wind speed and direction detector and wind speed and direction detection method
CN112098674A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-18 厦门市汉飞鹰航空科技有限公司 Method for judging wind speed and wind direction through flight of air route
CN114152774A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-08 中国科学院大学 Flow velocity measuring method and device of liquid flow field, electronic equipment and storage medium
CN114397473A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-04-26 山东睿斯达智能科技有限公司 Wind speed and direction measuring method and measuring system based on ultrasonic echo signals

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107179420A (en) * 2017-07-13 2017-09-19 赵辰 A kind of use directional ultrasonic measurement ship speed through water and the method in direction
CN109782018A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-05-21 济南大学 A kind of ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement experiment instrument and measurement method
CN109782018B (en) * 2019-01-18 2021-02-19 济南大学 Ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measurement experimental instrument and measurement method
CN110346600A (en) * 2019-08-21 2019-10-18 南京信息工程大学 A kind of ultrasonic wind speed and direction measurement method
CN110346600B (en) * 2019-08-21 2021-04-06 南京信息工程大学 Ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measuring method
CN111721967A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-09-29 威海精讯畅通电子科技有限公司 Small-sized ultrasonic wind speed and direction detector and wind speed and direction detection method
CN112098674A (en) * 2020-09-02 2020-12-18 厦门市汉飞鹰航空科技有限公司 Method for judging wind speed and wind direction through flight of air route
CN114397473A (en) * 2021-11-04 2022-04-26 山东睿斯达智能科技有限公司 Wind speed and direction measuring method and measuring system based on ultrasonic echo signals
CN114152774A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-08 中国科学院大学 Flow velocity measuring method and device of liquid flow field, electronic equipment and storage medium

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