CN105911055A - Method for quickly detecting available nitrogen in soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly detecting available nitrogen in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105911055A CN105911055A CN201610277814.9A CN201610277814A CN105911055A CN 105911055 A CN105911055 A CN 105911055A CN 201610277814 A CN201610277814 A CN 201610277814A CN 105911055 A CN105911055 A CN 105911055A
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- soil
- available nitrogen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly detecting available nitrogen in soil and ammonia nitrogen in water. The method includes preliminarily preparing available nitrogen quick test paper and available nitrogen concentration color gamut comparison diagrams; dissolving the soil in water and manufacturing to-be-detected soil solution; smearing a layer of sodium hydroxide solution with the pH (potential of hydrogen) of 11-13 on the available nitrogen quick test paper; smearing the to-be-detected soil solution on the available nitrogen quick test paper; allowing the available nitrogen quick test paper to stand still for 3-5 minutes; finding the most approximate color gamut from the color gamut comparison diagrams according to displayed colors so as to obtain the range of the content of the available nitrogen in the soil. The method has the advantages of speediness, simplicity, convenience, low cost and easiness in operation. Besides, farmers can learn to use the method within a few minutes without professional knowledge, expensive instruments and complicated operation, can quickly know the range of the content of the available nitrogen in the soil within a few minutes and can be guided to reasonably scientifically apply fertilizers, accordingly, fertilizer wastage and water pollution can be reduced, and environments can be protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural soil and river water environmental detection technique field, available nitrogen method for quickly detecting contents in a kind of soil and river water.
Background technology
Soil Available nitrogen is the forms of nitrogen that soil is supplied to that plant the most quickly absorbs, mainly ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen and a small amount of proteinic nitrogen, based on ammonium nitrogen in general agricultural land soil, the ternary compound fertilizer that particularly China commonly uses now, being ammonium nitrogen mostly, Soil Available nitrogen the most described herein generally refers to ammonium nitrogen.
Apply fertilizer due to peasant habit for a long time in China farmland, long-term excess applied nitrogen, cause soil nitrogen superfluous, run off and waste, farmland greenhouse gas nitrous oxide emission is caused to increase, river ammonia nitrogen increases, cause body eutrophication and water environment pollution, affect the development of people's drinking water quality and aquaculture, control the important measures that farmland nitrogenous fertilizer usage amount is current prevention and control agricultural non-point pollution, but, peasant applies fertilizer by rule of thumb, sensation, excess the most always, it is crucial that peasant cannot quickly know how many available nitrogens in agricultural land soil on earth, him the most just can be made to accept the suggestion of reducing application amount nitrogenous fertilizer convincingly, reduce waste and environmental pollution, therefore particularly important from the angle exploitation agricultural land soil available nitrogen Fast Detection Technique that peasant is easy to use.
The assay method of Soil Available nitrogen is a lot, under lab there is 4-5 kind method, but these methods are the most time-consuming, bothersome, cost is high, technology requires height, be difficult to grasp without specialized training, need precision instrument and complex operations process, thus these methods are completely unsuitable for peasant field and quickly detect available nitrogen.
The patent of invention " CN 201310307707 " wearing big et al. application of Beijing Forestry University, describes a kind of field soil volatility ammonia continuously trapping system and the method utilizing this device to measure soil nitrogen loss amount.This device is made up of with the automatic temperature control device connecting pipeline and regulation ammonia collector internal and external temperature of ammonia gas recoverer ammonia collector, ammonia gas recoverer, connection ammonia collector, by to the mensuration of the soil moisture inside and outside device, gather and compare, can the internal soil moisture of device for automatically regulating, the concordance of the soil moisture inside and outside holding means, it is to avoid the excessive temperature differentials impact on real result.Utilize NH simultaneously3Collection liquid with reaction principle, gas diffusion theory and the excess of sulphuric acid, it is ensured that can carry out collecting continuously and completely to soil volatility ammonia.Although this invention can collect field soil volatility ammonia the most continuously, but can not quickly measure Soil Available nitrogen.
The Zhao Chunjiang of Beijing Research Center for Agriculture Information Technology;Zheng Wengang;Dong great Ming;Zhao Xiande;Bao Feng;Shen Changjun;The patent of invention " 201110431588 " of the application such as Wu Wenbiao, describes a kind of nitrogen in farmland soil on-line detecting system and method, relates to agricultural sensing technology and technology of instrument and meter field.This system includes: laser instrument, launches the laser of preset wavelength；The most a set of sensor probe, for the light that described laser instrument sends is irradiated to upper soll layer to be measured, and collects soil surface to be measured and is excited to the optical signalling of plasma state；Conduction optical fiber, it is connected between described laser instrument and sensor probe, and between described sensor probe and signal processing module, the light conduction sent by described laser instrument is to described sensor probe, and the optical signalling that described sensor probe is collected is sent to signal processing module；Signal processing module, for the optical signalling collected according to described sensor probe, calculates the Different Nitrogen Concentration of described soil to be measured.The system and method for this invention saves time, laborsaving, real-time good and practical.But the method needs a lot of instruments and part, needs power supply, needs deeper Professional knowledge and technical ability, detection field soil available nitrogen cellulose content timely for peasant to be still inconvenient for.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, it is provided that a kind of quickly, simplicity, low cost, easy-operating soil available nitrogen method for quickly detecting contents.
It is an object of the invention to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of soil available nitrogen method for quick, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare available nitrogen speed test paper: one layer of potassium tetraiodomercurate powder of even spread on black or white reagent paper, after drying gently or drying or dry, obtain available nitrogen speed test paper；
2) color range comparison diagram is prepared: preparation 20-40 part concentration range is 0-200 mg L-1NH4+Concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution, adjacent ammonium nitrogen solution concentration difference 5-10mg L-1NH4+, available nitrogen speed test paper is first smeared the sodium hydroxide solution of one layer of pH11-13, smears ready concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution the most respectively, stand 3-5 minute, air-dry or dry or dry, according to the different colours shown respectively, it is fabricated to color range comparison diagram, the ammonium nitrogen of corresponding variable concentrations；
3) soil treatment to be measured: take 4-8g soil solid particle (field soil or field river speed are surveyed and can be used spoon picking), squeeze broken after be dissolved in 10-24g pure water (field quickly can measure) with spoon, stand more than 3 minutes after stirring, after filtration, obtain soil solution to be measured；
4) quickly detection: first smear the sodium hydroxide solution of one layer of pH11-13 on available nitrogen speed test paper, then the soil solution to be measured obtained in smearing step 3, stand 3-5 minute, color according to display, from the color range comparison diagram that step 2 obtains, find immediate color range, obtain the content range of soil available nitrogen.Quickly detection can use the syringe about 10-20 milliliter when taking liquid, pin hole top, bottom filter covers the filter membrane of 0.45 microns, about 5 milliliters of soil solution to be measured are poured in portion on the injector, pushing syringe piston the most gently, directly instills filtrate on the Indicator Paper of the most coated one layer of sodium hydroxide solution.
In the further design of the present invention, the thickness of black reagent paper described in step 1 is 0.5-3 millimeter.
In the further design of the present invention, first at described one layer of seccotine of black reagent paper uniform application in step 1, rapid one layer of four potassium iodomercurate powder of even application on strength glue-line the most again.
The available nitrogen detection method of the present invention can also be used for the quick detection of available nitrogen in river water.
In soil, the criterion of the state of available nitrogen is: testing result is at 0-50 mg L-1The soil of scope is the agricultural land soil that available nitrogen lacks, and needs many applied nitrogens；Testing result is at 50-120 mg L-1The soil of scope is the normal agricultural land soil of available nitrogen；Testing result is at 120 mg L-1Soil more than scope is the soil that available nitrogen is abundant, it is impossible to too much applied nitrogen, and otherwise plant can not absorb, and causes nitrogenous fertilizer to waste, and runs off to river with rainfall and irrigation simultaneously, causes body eutrophication and water to pollute.
The present invention has a beneficial effect highlighted below:
The present invention uses a kind of method of Indicator Paper to detect quick-acting nitrogens in agricultural land soil and river water; there is quick, easy, low cost, easy-operating advantage; make peasant need not Professional knowledge, need not costliness instrument, without complex operations; using method just can be learned in a few minutes etc; a few minutes etc just can quickly know the content range of Soil Available nitrogen, instructs peasant rationally to apply fertilizers scientifically, and reduces fertilizer waste; reduce water pollution, protect environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment 1
A kind of soil available nitrogen method for quick, comprises the following steps:
1) available nitrogen speed test paper is prepared: be first one layer of seccotine of uniform application on 0.5 millimeter of black paper at thickness, rapid even application or spread last layer four potassium iodomercurate powder on strength glue-line the most again, after drying gently or drying or dry, obtain available nitrogen speed test paper；
2) color range comparison diagram is prepared: preparing 40 parts of concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution, first part of ammonium nitrogen solution concentration is 0, and second part of ammonium nitrogen solution concentration is 5 mg L-1NH4+, by that analogy, adjacent ammonium nitrogen solution concentration differs 5 mg L-1NH4+, available nitrogen speed test paper is first smeared the sodium hydroxide solution of one layer of pH11-13, smears ready concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution the most respectively, stand 3-5 minute, according to the different colours shown respectively, be fabricated to color range comparison diagram, the ammonium nitrogen of corresponding variable concentrations, every 1 mg L-1NH4+In corresponding soil, available nitrogen concentration is 1mg kg-1；
3) soil treatment to be measured: take 1 spoon soil solid particle (about 4g), squeeze broken after put in the china bowl of cleaning, add 2 spoon pure water (about 10g), stirring, grogs is broken into pieces, mixs homogeneously with water completely；Stand 3 minutes, obtain soil solution to be measured；
4) quickly detection: take the micro-filtration membrane of aperture 0.45 microns, bedew with pure water, put into bottom one 10 milliliters clean syringe filters, pour about 3 milliliters of the muddy water of above-mentioned mixing into, fill in syringe piston, push down on gently with hands, filtrate is instilled on the available nitrogen speed test paper of clean prior sodium hydroxide solution infiltration, stand about 5 minutes, observe the change of reagent paper color, and with the color range comparison in the color range comparison diagram that obtains in the other step 2 of reagent paper, it is judged that Soil available nitrogen content scope is 10-15 mg kg-1, serious nitrogen stress in this agricultural land soil is described, needs many applied nitrogens could meet crop normal growth.
Embodiment 2
A kind of soil available nitrogen method for quick, comprises the following steps:
Step 1,2 with embodiment 1, wherein concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution prepares 20 parts, and first part of ammonium nitrogen solution concentration is 0, and second part of ammonium nitrogen solution concentration is 10 mg L-1NH4+, by that analogy, adjacent ammonium nitrogen solution concentration differs 10 mg L-1NH4+；
3) soil treatment to be measured: take 1 spoon soil solid particle (about 8g), squeeze broken after put in the china bowl of cleaning, add 3 spoon pure water (about 20g), stirring, grogs is broken into pieces, mixs homogeneously with water completely；Stand 3 minutes, obtain soil solution to be measured；
4) quickly detection: take the micro-filtration membrane of aperture 0.45 microns, bedew with pure water, put into bottom 10 milliliters of clean syringes on filter, pour about 6 milliliters of the muddy water of above-mentioned mixing into, fill in syringe piston, push down on gently with hands, filtrate is instilled on the available nitrogen speed test paper of clean prior sodium hydroxide solution infiltration, stand about 6 minutes, observe the change of reagent paper color, and with the standard color range comparison on reagent paper side, it is judged that Soil available nitrogen content scope is 130-150 mg kg-1, illustrate that in this agricultural land soil, nitrogen enriches, it is impossible to too much applied nitrogen, otherwise easily cause nitrogen loss, waste and water environment eutrophication and pollution.
It is above presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all changes made according to technical solution of the present invention, when produced function is without departing from the scope of technical solution of the present invention, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a soil available nitrogen method for quick, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) prepare available nitrogen speed test paper: one layer of potassium tetraiodomercurate powder of even spread on black or white reagent paper, after drying gently or air-drying or dry, obtain available nitrogen speed test paper；
2) color range comparison diagram is prepared: preparation 20-40 part concentration range is 0-200 mg L-1NH4+Concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution, adjacent ammonium nitrogen solution concentration difference 5-10 mg L-1NH4+, available nitrogen speed test paper is first smeared the sodium hydroxide solution of one layer of pH11-13, smears ready concentration known ammonium nitrogen solution the most respectively, stand 3-5 minute, air-dry or dry or dry, according to the difference of Show Color, it is fabricated to color range comparison diagram, the ammonium nitrogen of corresponding variable concentrations；
3) soil treatment to be measured: take 4-8g soil solid particle, squeeze broken after be dissolved in 10-24g pure water, after stirring stand more than 3 minutes, obtain soil solution to be measured after filtration；
4) quickly detection: first smear the sodium hydroxide solution of one layer of pH11-13 on available nitrogen speed test paper, then the soil solution to be measured obtained in smearing step 3, stand 3-5 minute, the yellow depth according to display, from the color range comparison diagram that step 2 obtains, find immediate color range, obtain the content range of soil available nitrogen.
Soil available nitrogen method for quick the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of reagent paper described in step 1 is 0.5-3 millimeter.
Soil available nitrogen method for quick the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first at one layer of seccotine of described reagent paper uniform application in step 1, rapid one layer of four potassium iodomercurate powder of even application on strength glue-line the most again.
4. according to the arbitrary described soil available nitrogen method for quick of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that the method can be additionally used in the quick detection of available nitrogen in river water.
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| CN201610277814.9A CN105911055A (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | Method for quickly detecting available nitrogen in soil |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106596536A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 西南大学 | Natural particle size soil nitrogen grading method |
| CN111351786A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-30 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Method for detecting soil moisture or fertilizer flow speed |
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| CN101398387A (en) * | 2008-10-28 | 2009-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation of am detection test paper for milk and solution and am detection method |
| CN102621084A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-08-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for measuring soil ammonium nitrogen |
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2016
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Patent Citations (5)
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| JPS4811200B1 (en) * | 1969-10-09 | 1973-04-11 | ||
| CN1261670A (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2000-08-02 | 河南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Fast diagnostic test paper strip for livestock and poultry pestilence |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106596536A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-04-26 | 西南大学 | Natural particle size soil nitrogen grading method |
| CN106596536B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-05-31 | 西南大学 | Soil Nitrogen stage division under a kind of natural particle size |
| CN111351786A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-06-30 | 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所 | Method for detecting soil moisture or fertilizer flow speed |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |