CN105907971A - Method for preparing rare earth alloy by recycling waste SCR catalysts through vacuum furnace in graded mode - Google Patents
Method for preparing rare earth alloy by recycling waste SCR catalysts through vacuum furnace in graded mode Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
- C22B7/003—Dry processes only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/009—General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst recovery and relates to a method for preparing rare earth alloy by recycling waste SCR catalysts through a vacuum furnace in a graded mode. The method comprises the steps that A, crushing is conducted, specifically, the SCR catalysts are crushed into small particles to form powder; B, impurities are removed, specifically, the powder is put into a sodium hydroxide solution and stirred fully, filter liquor is filtered to obtain filter residues, the filter residues are washed with process water until pH of the filter residues is neutral, and then the filter residues are dried; C, batching is carried out, specifically, silicon iron powder, iron ore powder, aluminum particles and lime powder are added into the powder and stirred fully to obtain a material to be smelted; and D, graded smelting is carried out, specifically, the material to be smelted is put into the vacuum furnace to be subjected to smelting at the temperature of 700-750 DEG C and 1490-1600 DEG C and at a higher temperature to obtain first rare earth alloy, second rare earth alloy and third rare earth alloy correspondingly. According to the method, the ferrotitanium rare earth alloy is smelted through the silico-aluminum thermic method, the method is feasible in the principles of economy and physical chemistry, and secondary pollution is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to catalyst recovery technology field, relate to a kind of vacuum drying oven classification and reclaim
Useless SCR catalyst prepares the method for rare earth alloy.
Background technology
Coal-burning power plant, the sintering circuit of steel plant and coking process, glass kiln, chemical industry
The nitrogen oxides (NOx) of the discharged from coal-fired boiler such as factory and cement furnace is main atmospheric pollution
One of thing.
In numerous denitration technologies, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) be denitration efficiency
Height, denitration technology the most ripe.Within 1975, set up in Shimoneski power plant of Japan
The demonstration project of first SCR system, SCR technology has obtained extensively in Japan thereafter
Application.The successful Application experience of existing 120 multiple stage large-scale plants in Europe, its NOx's
Removal efficiency can reach 80～90%.Up to now, Japan about 170 covering device, close
This equipment of the Installation in Plant of 100GW capacity, U.S. government also using SCR technology as mainly
Power plant control NOx major technique.Relevant report is pointed out, SCR method has become mesh
The mainstream technology of front home and abroad power plant denitration comparative maturity.After entering 21 century, face
The negative effect that environment is caused by the industrial revolution, through industrial practice for many years and checking,
Now widely used be using anatase titanium dioxide be carrier loaded barium oxide as
Active substance (is aided with tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide is the metal oxide oxidation catalyst of promoter
Agent), it has also become the ripe out of stock technology of coal-burning boiler, it is being widely used in China each
Among the environment-friendly engineering in field.
But go into effect " fossil-fuel power plant atmospheric pollutant emission standard " from January 1st, 2012
After (GB 13,223 2011), national each SCR system all reflects because catalyst can not be kept away
Exempt from because various physics chemical action (be poisoned, denude, thermal sintering, blocking/contamination etc.)
And lost efficacy, cause shorten its service life, what the replacement cycle of catalyst shortened seriously asks
Topic；This not only denitration effect and Financial cost to SCR system cause tremendous influence；
And ecological environment is also resulted in negative effect greatly.
Understanding according to relevant report, for coal-burning boiler, the deactivation rate of SCR catalyst is about
For every 1000h, denitration efficiency reduce by 0.7%, the catalyst change cycle be 3-5/time.
For burning inferior coal or the station boiler of co-firing of biomass and coal and castoff burning
Stove, the speed of catalysqt deactivation is faster；One, the U.S. uses culled wood and PRB (Powder
River Basin) the fuel combination power station of coal, the deactivation rate of catalyst is the most every
1000h, denitration efficiency reduce by 18%, are 25.7 times of coal fired power plant application, namely
This power station catalyst change cycle less than March/time.
The deactivation cause of catalyst can be summarized as (1) sintering deactivation, the hole of (2) catalyst is blocked up
Plug, the contamination of (3) catalyst and (4) catalyst poisoning etc..Wherein (2) and (3) are former
Inactivation behavior because causing can be re-applied in coal-fired pot after being processed by washing, method of reproduction
In the denitration process of stove.(1) reason causes inactivation behavior, it is impossible to regenerated by washing
Mode makes its activity recovery；(4) reason causes inactivation behavior to be not only difficult to by washing again
Raw mode makes its activity recovery, and adsorbs flue gas because of SCR catalyst in denitrification process
In alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, arsenic, hydrogen chloride, phosphorus, lead and other elements occupy active site
(poisoning includes reactant, product to make wide variety of vanadium system SCR catalyst lose activity
Or there is strong chemisorbed or chemical reaction in impurity on catalyst activity position)；
Add V on TiO2 carrier, elements such as w content overproof again.Thereby it is assumed that, coal-fired
The TiO2 carrier used in boiler SCR denitration technique, it has also become high-risk solid waste (according to
Knowing, inefficacy TiO2 carrier generating capacity in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is 1.5 ten thousand t/)！
SCR denitration and TiO2 carrier thereof typically use chemical synthesis with sulfide
Prepare with raw materials such as halogen (chlorine) compounds；High-risk solid waste TiO2 carrier, if again
Recycling by the method, not only process route is difficult to arrange, and the place of secondary pollution
Reason difficulty is bigger (cost, environment and products thereof quality).If being treated as mine, city,
By the method for pyrometallurgy using resources such as Ti as valuable metal recovery, alkali metal, alkali
The microelement fixations such as earth metal, arsenic, hydrogen chloride, phosphorus, lead are in slag, and apply
In other field, both do not resulted in secondary environmental pollution, and can reach effectively to utilize (effect yet
Rate, Social benefit and economic benefit also open up NPD projects) purpose.It will be to SCR
Denitrating technique, industrial undertaking contribute to friendly environment society etc. and produce long-range, positive
Positive effect.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for the problems referred to above, it is provided that a kind of vacuum drying oven classification is reclaimed useless
SCR catalyst prepares the method for rare earth alloy.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, present invention employs following technical proposal: a kind of vacuum drying oven
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in classification, comprises the following steps:
A, pulverizing, be ground into little granule by useless SCR catalyst, forms powder；
B, remove impurity, put into powder in sodium hydroxide solution, be sufficiently stirred for, and filters filter
Obtaining filtering residue after liquid, rinsing filtering residue with fresh water (FW) is neutrality to pH, is dried；
C, dispensing, add ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone in powder, stir
Mix uniformly, formed and treat refining material；
D, classification melting, put in vacuum drying oven by material to be refined, molten between 700-750 DEG C
Refining, wait having part after refining material fusing, separates fused solution from vacuum drying oven, melted
Obtain the first rare earth alloy after liquid-solidization, improve the temperature of vacuum drying oven extremely
1490-1600 DEG C, continue melting, wait have part until refining material fusing after, by fused solution from
Vacuum drying oven separates, obtains the second rare earth alloy after fused solution solidification, continue melting,
Until vacuum drying oven remains after all fusings of refining material, by fused solution all from vacuum drying oven
Middle removal, cooling and solidifying, obtain the 3rd rare earth alloy.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, in step, described powder particle size is 100-200 mesh；In stepb,
The pH of described sodium hydroxide solution is 14.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, in step C, described powder, ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone
Weight ratio be 100:3.8-6.7:20.7-77:55-67.6:12.2-13.2.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, in step, TiO in described powder2Content not less than 95%, in step
In C, described material to be refined is divided into major ingredient and refinery, wherein powder, ferrosilicon in major ingredient
The weight ratio of powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone is 100:3.8:20.7:55:12.2,
Refinery is the ferrosilicon powder of 2.9:56.3:12.6:1, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot by weight ratio
Forming with pulverized limestone, the weight ratio of major ingredient and refinery is 191.7:72.8.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, in step D, high temperature melting in vacuum drying oven first put into by major ingredient, and obtains first
Rare earth alloy and the second rare earth alloy, put into refinery high temperature melting the most again in liquation,
Removal liquation cooling obtain the 3rd rare earth alloy.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, in step C, major ingredient is first put in pretreatment stove, and 750-850 DEG C it
Between roasting preheating, afterwards major ingredient hot charging is entered in the vacuum drying oven of step D, high temperature melting,
And obtain the first rare earth alloy and the second rare earth alloy, in liquation, put into refine the most again
Material high temperature melting, removal liquation cooling obtain the 3rd rare earth alloy.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, described major ingredient hot charging between 200-400 DEG C enters in the vacuum drying oven of step D.
The method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in above-mentioned vacuum drying oven classification
In, in step C, described ferrosilicon powder is pulverized by 75 ferrosilicon and is made, described iron mine
Total iron-holder in powder is more than 64%.
Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that:
1, vacuum drying oven is typically by main frame, burner hearth, electric heating device, sealing furnace shell, vacuum system
The compositions such as the outer transport vehicle of system, electric power system, temperature-controlling system and stove.Seal furnace shell carbon steel
Or rustless steel is welded into, the composition surface of detachable block vacuum sealing material seals, and is anti-
Deformation and encapsulant heat damage after only furnace shell is heated, furnace shell is typically with water-cooled or air cooling
Cooling, burner hearth is positioned at sealing furnace shell.According to stove purposes, equipped with inhomogeneity inside burner hearth
The heating element heater of type, such as resistance, induction coil, electrode and electron gun etc..Smelting metal
Vacuum drying oven burner hearth built with crucible, have is also equipped with automatic pouring device and handling material
Mechanical hand etc., vacuum system is mainly made up of vacuum pump, vacuum valve and vacuometer etc.,
Use vacuum drying oven heating extraction, discharge after obtaining fused solution, just can form vacuum,
Both achieve solid-liquid separation, also achieve heating in vacuum；
2, aluminum silicon heat is used to smelt ferrotianium rare earth alloy, the most economically, physical chemistry
It is all feasible in principle, and does not produce secondary pollution, for processing high-risk garbage (SCR
Catalyst) provide process technique practical, eco-friendly；
3, this method, by individually separated to the vanadium in useless SCR catalyst, tungsten and titanium, obtains
The first rare earth alloy, the second rare earth alloy and the 3rd rare earth that vanadium, tungsten and Ti content are higher
Alloy, extracts pure rare earth element for next step and provides conveniently.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of coreless induction furnace or intermediate frequency furnace reclaim the preparation side of dead catalyst refining rare earth alloy
Method, comprises the following steps:
A, pulverizing, be ground into little granule by useless SCR catalyst, forms powder；Described
Powder particle size is 100-200 mesh, TiO in powder2Content not less than 95%；
B, remove impurity, put into powder in sodium hydroxide solution, be sufficiently stirred for 1-3hr,
Sodium hydroxide solution can be placed in the reactor with stirring paddle, and filter liquor removes
Obtaining filtering residue after sodium hydroxide solution, filtering residue is the powder after remove impurity, filtering residue technique
It is neutrality that water rinses to pH, be dried at 105-120 DEG C with dehydrator after remove impurity
Powder；In the present embodiment, the pH of described sodium hydroxide solution is 14, it is clear that
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that sodium hydroxide solution described herein is the most replaceable
Become potassium hydroxide solution or other strong base solutions, be used for removing greasy dirt, silicon dioxide etc..
C, dispensing, add ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone in powder, use
Blender stirs, and is formed and treats refining material；Wherein, powder, ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder,
The weight of aluminum shot and pulverized limestone is respectively 100kg, 3.8kg, 20.7kg, 55kg
And 12.2kg.Ferrosilicon powder is pulverized by 75 ferrosilicon and is made, the total iron-holder in Iron Ore Powder
More than 64%.
D, classification melting, put in vacuum drying oven by material to be refined, molten between 700-750 DEG C
Refining, after 60-120 minute, wait having part after refining material fusing, by fused solution from vacuum
Stove separates, obtains the first rare earth alloy after fused solution solidification, improve the temperature of vacuum drying oven
Degree, to 1490-1600 DEG C, continues melting, after 30-90 minute, has treated that part treats refining material
After fusing, fused solution is separated from vacuum drying oven, obtain second after fused solution solidification dilute
Soil alloy, continues melting, and the temperature of vacuum drying oven controls between 1900-2000 DEG C, molten
The refining time is 60-90 minute, until vacuum drying oven remains after all fusings of refining material,
Fused solution is all removed from vacuum drying oven, cooling and solidifying, obtain the 3rd rare earth alloy.
After above-mentioned step, three kinds in block rare earth alloy, wherein the first rare earth
In alloy, v element content reaches more than 60, and in the second rare earth alloy, wolfram element content reaches
More than 50%, in the 3rd rare earth alloy, titanium elements content reaches more than 30%, above-mentioned first
Rare earth alloy, the second rare earth alloy and the 3rd rare earth alloy can be directly deposited on place,
Environment will not be caused heavy metal pollution, thus have being put into the poisonous of hazardous chemical
The useless SCR catalyst of evil is transformed into the rare earth alloy with industrial value, and can directly deposit
Being placed on place and can be used for further Extraction of rare earth metal, whole preparation process simply may be used
Lean on, environmental friendliness.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is essentially identical with the process of embodiment 1, and difference is, in step
In rapid C, the weight of powder, ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone is respectively
100kg, 6.7kg, 77kg, 67.6kg and 13.2kg.Thus prepare a kind of iron content
Amount height, more preferable first rare earth alloy of mobility, the second rare earth alloy and the 3rd rare earth close
Gold.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is, in step C,
Be respectively configured major ingredient and refinery, wherein major ingredient include 100kg, 3.8kg, 20.7kg,
The powder of 55kg and 12.2kg, ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone, essence
Refining material by the ferrosilicon powder of 2.9kg, 56.3kg, 12.6kg and 1kg, Iron Ore Powder,
Aluminum shot and pulverized limestone composition.
In step D, high temperature melting in vacuum drying oven first put into by major ingredient, and obtains first
Rare earth alloy and the second rare earth alloy, put into refinery high temperature melting the most again in liquation
Changing, removal liquation cooling obtain the 3rd rare earth alloy.In the present embodiment, use
The method of fed batch, accelerates fusing speed, improves heat effect, especially improve
Iron-holder in 3rd rare earth alloy, makes the 3rd rare earth alloy flow in melting process
Dynamic property is strengthened, and energy consumption reduces.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference is, in step C
In, major ingredient is first put in pretreatment stove, and roasting is pre-between 750-850 DEG C
Heat, afterwards by major ingredient during hot charging enters vacuum drying oven between 200-400 DEG C, then carries out step
The classification melting of D, obtains the first rare earth alloy and the second rare earth alloy, then toward vacuum drying oven
Middle addition refinery, obtains the 3rd rare earth alloy after melting.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and difference is, in step C
In, major ingredient is first put in pretreatment stove, and roasting is pre-between 750-850 DEG C
Heat, pretreatment stove is rotary kiln or mineral hot furnace, roasting in rotary kiln or mineral hot furnace
Preheating, makes ore particle structure change, and is beneficial to reduction, is existed by major ingredient afterwards
During hot charging enters vacuum drying oven between 200-400 DEG C, add refinery, carry out step D
Classification melting, obtains the first rare earth alloy, the second rare earth alloy and the 3rd rare earth alloy.
After testing, the content of the 3rd rare earth alloy in embodiment 5 is as follows: Ti 31%,
Al 7.0%, Si 4.3%.
Table 1 is the material composition table in embodiment 1-5.
Table 1 material chemical component (%)
Specific embodiment described herein is only to present invention spirit theory for example
Bright.Those skilled in the art can be to described specific embodiment
Make various amendment or supplement or use similar mode to substitute, but without departing from
The spirit of the present invention or surmount scope defined in appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. the method that useless SCR catalyst prepares rare earth alloy is reclaimed in vacuum drying oven classification,
It is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A, pulverizing, be ground into little granule by useless SCR catalyst, forms powder；
B, remove impurity, put into powder in sodium hydroxide solution, be sufficiently stirred for, and filters filter
Obtaining filtering residue after liquid, rinsing filtering residue with fresh water (FW) is neutrality to pH, is dried；
C, dispensing, add ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone in powder, stir
Mix uniformly, formed and treat refining material；
D, classification melting, put in vacuum drying oven by material to be refined, molten between 700-750 DEG C
Refining, wait having part after refining material fusing, separates fused solution from vacuum drying oven, melted
Obtain the first rare earth alloy after liquid-solidization, improve the temperature of vacuum drying oven extremely
1490-1600 DEG C, continue melting, wait have part until refining material fusing after, by fused solution from
Vacuum drying oven separates, obtains the second rare earth alloy after fused solution solidification, continue melting,
Until vacuum drying oven remains after all fusings of refining material, by fused solution all from vacuum drying oven
Middle removal, cooling and solidifying, obtain the 3rd rare earth alloy.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 1 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that in step, described powder particle size is
100-200 mesh；In stepb, the pH of described sodium hydroxide solution is 14.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 1 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that in step C, described powder, ferrosilicon
The weight ratio of powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone is 100:3.8-6.7:20.7-77:
55-67.6:12.2-13.2.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 3 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that in step, TiO in described powder2
Content not less than 95%, in step C, described material to be refined is divided into major ingredient and refine
Material, the wherein weight ratio of powder, ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone in major ingredient
For 100:3.8:20.7:55:12.2, refinery is 2.9:56.3:12.6 by weight ratio:
Ferrosilicon powder, Iron Ore Powder, aluminum shot and pulverized limestone composition, major ingredient and the weight of refinery of 1
Ratio is 191.7:72.8.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 4 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that in step D, vacuum first put into by major ingredient
High temperature melting in stove, and obtain the first rare earth alloy and the second rare earth alloy, the most past
Liquation puts into refinery high temperature melting, removal liquation cooling and obtains the 3rd rare earth alloy.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 4 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that in step C, pre-place first put into by major ingredient
In reason stove, and roasting preheating between 750-850 DEG C, afterwards major ingredient hot charging is entered step
In the vacuum drying oven of rapid D, high temperature melting, and obtain the first rare earth alloy and the conjunction of the second rare earth
Gold, puts into refinery high temperature melting the most again in liquation, removes liquation and cooling obtains
3rd rare earth alloy.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 6 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that described major ingredient is warm between 200-400 DEG C
Load in the vacuum drying oven of step D.
Vacuum drying oven classification the most according to claim 1 is reclaimed useless SCR catalyst and is prepared
The method of rare earth alloy, it is characterised in that in step C, described ferrosilicon powder is by 75
Ferrosilicon is pulverized and is made, and the total iron-holder in described Iron Ore Powder is more than 64%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106521165A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-22 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | Method for extracting valuable metal from waste SCR catalyst to prepare alloy |
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| CN106521165A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-22 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | Method for extracting valuable metal from waste SCR catalyst to prepare alloy |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |