CN105896070B - Ultra-Broadband Microstrip Antenna Based on Fractal Rectangular Ladder Structure - Google Patents

Ultra-Broadband Microstrip Antenna Based on Fractal Rectangular Ladder Structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105896070B
CN105896070B CN201610266415.2A CN201610266415A CN105896070B CN 105896070 B CN105896070 B CN 105896070B CN 201610266415 A CN201610266415 A CN 201610266415A CN 105896070 B CN105896070 B CN 105896070B
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rectangular
radiation patch
fractal
ultra
order fractal
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CN105896070A (en
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谢泽会
王延峰
郭淑婷
史坤峰
杨倩
赵红梅
姚海龙
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of ultra-wideband microstrip antennas for dividing shape based on rectangular step structure, including medium substrate, metal ground plate, radiation patch unit and impedance matching microstrip feed line, the front of medium substrate is arranged in radiation patch unit and impedance matching microstrip feed line, the back side of medium substrate is arranged in metal ground plate, radiation patch unit includes single order fractal structure, gradual change trough body structure, second order fractal structure and Transformation Matching microstrip feed line, single order fractal structure includes the first rectangular radiation patch in the arrangement of inverted steps shape, second rectangular radiation patch and third rectangular radiation patch, gradual change trough body structure is offered in the middle part of single order fractal structure, gradual change trough body structure and single order fractal structure self similarity, second order fractal structure is equipped in the middle part of gradual change trough body structure.The present invention uses new fractal structure, had both broadened antenna frequency band, and had reduced antenna volume, and realized antenna and meet ultra wide band characteristic in 3GHz-12.9GHz, while antenna structure is simple, section is low, is easily installed and integrates.

Description

Divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape based on rectangular step structure
Technical field
Divide shape based on rectangular step structure the present invention relates to wireless communication technology field more particularly to a kind of miniaturization Ultra-wideband microstrip antenna.
Background technique
Antenna is one of most important component in wireless telecommunications and radar system, and performance superiority and inferiority is directly concerning whole system Communication quality or detectivity.In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication, network overlay area is increasing, various The demand of data service also sharply increases, and previous communication equipment and mode can not adapt to modern communications multi-service, high speed The requirement of rate, high quality, Antenna Design are faced with new challenge.For the demand for development for adapting to Modern wireless communication, at present state The research of interior outside antenna is mainly carried out towards several directions such as miniaturization, broadband and multiband.
The Antenna Design that is created as of fractals provides new approach.Fractal antenna refers to that geometry has self similarity Property, space filling and dimension, electrical property are usually in a kind of antenna of multi-resonant characteristic.Fractal antenna is fractals and day The product that line technology combines.Since nineteen ninety-five N.Cohen delivers first about the paper of fractal antenna, fractal antenna is ground The upsurge studied carefully does not subtract always and has realized business application.Used fractal structure is concentrated mainly on both at home and abroad at present On the famous fractal structures such as Sierpinski carpet, Hilbert cueve, Cantor set, and considerable work is Optimization around these antenna carries out, and actually the type of point shape and data are infinite more, it is easily operated newly divide shape knot Structure antenna can provide theoretical foundation for the research of micro-strip fractal antenna and data are supported.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ultra-wideband microstrip antennas using new fractal structure.It is of the present invention Divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna structure of shape simple based on rectangular step structure, can satisfy the ultra-wide within the scope of 3GHz-12.9GHz Band characteristic requirements, fully ensure that the reliability of ultra-wideband communication system.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
Divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape, including medium substrate, metal ground plate, radiation patch based on rectangular step structure Medium substrate is being arranged in just in unit and impedance matching microstrip feed line, the radiation patch unit and impedance matching microstrip feed line Face, the metal ground plate are arranged in the back side of medium substrate, and the radiation patch unit includes single order fractal structure, gradually Become trough body structure, second order fractal structure and Transformation Matching microstrip feed line, the single order fractal structure includes arranging in inverted steps shape The first rectangular radiation patch, the second rectangular radiation patch and the third rectangular radiation patch of column, single order fractal structure middle part open up There are gradual change trough body structure, gradual change trough body structure and single order fractal structure self similarity, second order point is provided in the middle part of gradual change trough body structure Shape structure.
The area of first rectangular radiation patch is 10*16mm2, the area of the second rectangular radiation patch is 3.5* 12mm2, the area of third rectangular radiation patch is 1.4*8mm2。
The gradual change trough body structure includes the first rectangle groove body, the second rectangle groove body and the third square in the arrangement of inverted steps shape Shape groove body, the area of the first rectangle groove body are 5*8mm2, the area of the second rectangle groove body is 2.5*6mm2, third rectangle groove body Area is 1*4mm2。
The second order fractal structure includes the 4th rectangular radiation patch, the 5th rectangular radiation patch and the 6th rectangular radiation patch Piece, the area of the 4th rectangular radiation patch are 2.5*4mm2, the area of the 5th rectangular radiation patch is 1.5*3mm2, the 6th rectangle The area of radiation patch is 0.6*2mm2。
Along center of antenna longitudinal direction, axial symmetry is set single order fractal structure, gradual change trough body structure and the second order fractal structure It sets.
Length, width and the height of the medium substrate are respectively 35mm, 30mm and 1.6mm.
The metal ground plate is rectangle, and the length and width of metal ground plate is respectively 11.5mm and 30mm.
The present invention, will be in the first rectangular radiation patch of inverted steps shape arrangement, second on the basis of rectangular microstrip antenna The single order fractal structure of rectangular radiation patch and third rectangular radiation patch composition, can be preferably real as basic radiating element The impedance matching of existing antenna；The present invention, which utilizes, is provided with single order fractal structure middle part and the gradual change with single order fractal structure self similarity Trough body structure has further broadened the bandwidth of antenna；The present invention is introduced in the middle part of gradual change trough body structure with gradual change trough body structure certainly Similar second order fractal structure, changes the path of low-frequency current again, reduces low-frequency resonant frequency, while can also introduce more Frequency resonance, to realize the ultra wide band of antenna；Overall structure of the present invention is simple, and section is low, is easily installed and integrates.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of present media substrate front side；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of present media substrate back；
Fig. 3 is to divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape returning in 3GHz-12.9GHz based on rectangular step structure in embodiment Simulation result diagram is lost in wave；
Fig. 4 is to divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape voltage in 3GHz-12.9GHz based on rectangular step structure in embodiment The simulation result diagram of standing-wave ratio；
Fig. 5 is to divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape special in the corresponding radiation of 3.3GHz based on rectangular step structure in embodiment Property EH surface radiation directional diagram；
Fig. 6 is to divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape special in the corresponding radiation of 7.2GHz based on rectangular step structure in embodiment Property EH surface radiation directional diagram；
Fig. 7 is to divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape in the corresponding radiation of 11.3GHz based on rectangular step structure in embodiment Characteristic EH surface radiation directional diagram.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, a kind of ultra-wideband microstrip antenna dividing shape based on rectangular step structure of the present invention, Including medium substrate 1, metal ground plate 2, radiation patch unit and impedance matching microstrip feed line 3.Radiation patch unit and impedance The front of medium substrate 1 is arranged in matching microstrip feed line 3.The back side of medium substrate 1 is arranged in metal ground plate 2.The present embodiment It based on rectangular microstrip antenna, i.e., is respectively 35mm, 30mm and 1.6mm and dielectric constant using length, width and height For 4.4 the copper-clad plate of FR4 epoxy resin as medium substrate 1, be respectively the rectangle of 11.5mm and 30mm using length and width Copper sheet is not only able to achieve ultra wide band characteristic as metal ground plate 2, but also can reduce the volume of antenna.
Radiation patch unit in the present invention includes single order fractal structure, gradual change trough body structure, second order fractal structure and change Change matching microstrip feed line 4.Single order fractal structure, gradual change trough body structure and second order fractal structure are along center of antenna longitudinal direction axial symmetry Setting.Single order fractal structure includes in the first rectangular radiation patch 5 of inverted steps shape arrangement, the second rectangular radiation patch 6 and the Three rectangular radiation patch 7.The length L and width W of first rectangular radiation patch 5 approximate can be determined according to the following formula:
Wherein εeFor effective dielectric constant, h is thickness of dielectric layers, λ0For the wavelength of free space, c is the light velocity, εrFor medium Relative dielectric constant.The area of the first rectangular radiation patch 5 is 10*16mm in the present embodiment2, the second rectangular radiation patch 6 Area is 3.5*12mm2, the area of third rectangular radiation patch 7 is 1.4*8mm2.Impedance matching microstrip feed line 3 is using 50 Ω's Characteristic impedance, width can be calculated according to TXLine software, belong to the prior art, details are not described herein again.Of the invention one Rank fractal structure uses generally rectangular grading structure, and impedance matching can be better achieved.
The present invention offers gradual change trough body structure, gradual change trough body structure and single order fractal structure in the middle part of single order fractal structure Self similarity, including the first rectangle groove body 8, the second rectangle groove body 9 and the third rectangle groove body 10 in the arrangement of inverted steps shape, gradual change slot Body structure can change the flow direction of electric current in radiation patch, to increase active path, further broaden the bandwidth of antenna.Its In, self similarity is the existing noun in fractal structure, and those skilled in the art are expressly understood that its meaning, are not present in this patent The problem of insufficient disclosure.The area of the first rectangle groove body 8 is 5*8mm in the present embodiment2, the area of the second rectangle groove body 9 is 2.5*6mm2, the area of third rectangle groove body 10 is 1*4mm2。
The present invention is provided with second order fractal structure, including the 4th rectangular radiation patch 11, in the middle part of gradual change trough body structure Five rectangular radiation patch 12 and the 6th rectangular radiation patch 13, second order fractal structure can reduce low-frequency resonant frequency, improve day The low frequency matching problem of line, while can realize multifrequency resonance phenomena.The area of the 4th rectangular radiation patch 11 is in this implementation 2.5*4mm2, the area of the 5th rectangular radiation patch 12 is 1.5*3mm2, the area of the 6th rectangular radiation patch 13 is 0.6* 2mm2.One end of Transformation Matching microstrip feed line 4 connects the bottom end of the 6th rectangular radiation patch 13, Transformation Matching microstrip feed line 4 The other end is connected to the second rectangular radiation patch 6, realizes the impedance matching between single order fractal structure and second order fractal structure.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, using HFSS11 software to the ultra-wide for dividing shape based on rectangular step structure in the present embodiment Band microstrip antenna carries out simulation optimization, it is known that and return wave loss parameter S11 of the antenna in 3GHz-12.9GHz is less than -10dB, Meet ultra wide band characteristic；Antenna voltage standing wave ratio VSWR in 3GHz-12.9GHz meets communication system engineering less than 2 It is required that.As shown in Figures 5 to 7, the face ultra-wideband microstrip antenna H of shape is divided to exist based on rectangular step structure in the present embodiment 3.3GHz, 7.2GHz and 11.3GHz keep good omnidirectional radiation characteristic.
It is of the present invention to divide the ultra-wideband microstrip antenna of shape by using new fractal structure based on rectangular step structure, Both antenna frequency band had been broadened, antenna volume is reduced, and has realized antenna and meets ultra wide band characteristic in 3GHz-12.9GHz, together When antenna structure it is simple, section is low, is easily installed and integrates.

Claims (7)

1.基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，包括介质基板、金属接地板、辐射贴片单元和阻抗匹配微带馈线，所述的辐射贴片单元和阻抗匹配微带馈线设置在介质基板的正面，所述的金属接地板设置在介质基板的背面，其特征在于：所述的辐射贴片单元包括一阶分形结构、渐变槽体结构、二阶分形结构和变换匹配微带馈线，所述的一阶分形结构包括呈倒阶梯形排列的第一矩形辐射贴片、第二矩形辐射贴片和第三矩形辐射贴片，一阶分形结构中部开设有渐变槽体结构，渐变槽体结构与一阶分形结构自相似，渐变槽体结构中部设置有二阶分形结构；变换匹配微带馈线的一端连接二阶分形结构的底端，变换匹配微带馈线的另一端连接第二矩形辐射贴片，实现一阶分形结构与二阶分形结构之间的阻抗匹配。1. An ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on a rectangular ladder structure fractal, including a dielectric substrate, a metal ground plate, a radiation patch unit and an impedance matching microstrip feeder, and the radiation patch unit and the impedance matching microstrip feeder are arranged on the dielectric substrate. The front side of the device, the metal grounding plate is arranged on the back side of the dielectric substrate, and it is characterized in that: the radiation patch unit includes a first-order fractal structure, a gradient groove structure, a second-order fractal structure and a transformation matching microstrip feeder, so The first-order fractal structure includes a first rectangular radiation patch, a second rectangular radiation patch and a third rectangular radiation patch arranged in an inverted staircase shape. Self-similar to the first-order fractal structure, a second-order fractal structure is arranged in the middle of the gradient groove structure; one end of the transform-matching microstrip feeder is connected to the bottom end of the second-order fractal structure, and the other end of the transform-matching microstrip feeder is connected to the second rectangular radiating patch. It can realize impedance matching between the first-order fractal structure and the second-order fractal structure. 2.如权利要求1所述的基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，其特征在于：所述第一矩形辐射贴片的面积为10*16mm2，第二矩形辐射贴片的面积为3.5*12 mm2，第三矩形辐射贴片的面积为1.4*8 mm2。2 . The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on a rectangular ladder structure fractal as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the area of the first rectangular radiation patch is 10*16 mm 2 , and the area of the second rectangular radiation patch is 2 . 2 . 3.5*12 mm 2 , the area of the third rectangular radiation patch is 1.4*8 mm 2 . 3.如权利要求2所述的基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，其特征在于：所述渐变槽体结构包括呈倒阶梯形排列的第一矩形槽体、第二矩形槽体和第三矩形槽体，第一矩形槽体的面积为5*8mm2，第二矩形槽体的面积为2.5*6 mm2，第三矩形槽体的面积为1*4mm2。3. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on a rectangular ladder structure fractal as claimed in claim 2, wherein the gradient slot structure comprises a first rectangular slot body, a second rectangular slot body and For the third rectangular groove body, the area of the first rectangular groove body is 5*8 mm 2 , the area of the second rectangular groove body is 2.5*6 mm 2 , and the area of the third rectangular groove body is 1*4 mm 2 . 4.如权利要求3所述的基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，其特征在于：所述二阶分形结构包括第四矩形辐射贴片、第五矩形辐射贴片和第六矩形辐射贴片，第四矩形辐射贴片的面积为2.5*4mm2，第五矩形辐射贴片的面积为1.5*3 mm2，第六矩形辐射贴片的面积为0.6*2 mm2。4. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on a rectangular ladder structure fractal according to claim 3, wherein the second-order fractal structure comprises a fourth rectangular radiation patch, a fifth rectangular radiation patch and a sixth rectangular radiation The area of the fourth rectangular radiation patch is 2.5*4mm 2 , the area of the fifth rectangular radiation patch is 1.5*3 mm 2 , and the area of the sixth rectangular radiation patch is 0.6*2 mm 2 . 5.如权利要求4所述的基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，其特征在于：所述的一阶分形结构、渐变槽体结构和二阶分形结构均沿天线中心纵向轴对称设置。5. The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on a rectangular ladder structure fractal as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first-order fractal structure, the gradient slot structure and the second-order fractal structure are all arranged symmetrically along the antenna center longitudinal axis . 6.如权利要求5所述的基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，其特征在于：所述介质基板的长度、宽度和高度分别为35mm、30mm和1.6mm。6 . The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on the rectangular ladder structure fractal according to claim 5 , wherein the length, width and height of the dielectric substrate are respectively 35mm, 30mm and 1.6mm. 7 . 7.如权利要求6所述的基于矩形阶梯结构分形的超宽带微带天线，其特征在于：所述的金属接地板为矩形，金属接地板的长度和宽度分别为11.5mm和30mm。7 . The ultra-wideband microstrip antenna based on a rectangular ladder structure fractal according to claim 6 , wherein the metal ground plate is rectangular, and the length and width of the metal ground plate are 11.5 mm and 30 mm, respectively. 8 .
CN201610266415.2A 2016-04-26 2016-04-26 Ultra-Broadband Microstrip Antenna Based on Fractal Rectangular Ladder Structure Expired - Fee Related CN105896070B (en)

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CN109037936A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-12-18 东华大学 A kind of broadband microstrip patch antenna
WO2021000147A1 (en) * 2019-06-30 2021-01-07 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 Radiation element and antenna
CN112798830B (en) * 2021-03-18 2021-07-02 深圳大学 A switching device suitable for multi-antenna testing and using method thereof
CN114709608A (en) * 2022-04-13 2022-07-05 河北工业大学 Novel ultra-wideband planar monopole antenna
CN115513652A (en) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-23 杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司 Antenna device and antenna board

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