CN105894107A - City block green space planning method and system based on ENVI-met - Google Patents
City block green space planning method and system based on ENVI-met Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses city block green space planning method and system based on ENVI-met. The system and method can realize city block green space planning reasonably, and the purpose of retarding a source of a city block heat island effect is achieved. The method comprises the following steps: S1) constructing a block planning reference model of a preset block in the ENVI-met, running the ENVI-met to obtain thermal environment data simulation result of the block; S2) changing a green space structure of the reference model to obtain a situation model, and running the ENVI-met to obtain thermal environment data simulation result of the block; S3) determining an optimal heat island slowing green space planning scheme of the block according to the thermal environment data simulation result of the block, wherein the thermal environment data simulation result comprises a temperature simulation result; and S4) carrying out green space planning on the block according to the optimal heat island slowing green space planning scheme.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of environmental science, be specifically related to a kind of Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt
Method and system.
Background technology
Block tropical island effect is the urban heat land effect a kind of form of expression on the little yardstick in space, is due to close in block
The groups of building of collection, artificial works etc. change the heating power attribute of underlying surface, are aided with a large amount of artificial heat extraction, in the block caused
Temperature is higher than a kind of local climate phenomenon of periphery.As the elementary cell of city space, block inner region is that urbanite lives
Dynamic most active place, the tropical island effect gone from bad to worse have impact on weather, the hydrology, air quality, soil physico-chemical property in block,
Seriously constrain ecological environment and residents ' health in block.How realizing effectively slowing down of block tropical island effect is sustainable development
And the important embodiment of people-oriented urban development theory.
Compared to traditional administering method of " first produce heat island, then control ", heat island is slowed down and includes block planning stage, energy in
Enough play the regulation effect taken preventive measures, provide for a rainy day, and the later stage that can reduce human and material resources and financial resources controls to put into.
For single block, the planning design factor such as trend of road, architectural composition and density, windy and sandy soil type is all to thermal environment
Have a significant impact.Wherein, greenery patches as the natural productiveness main body in urban structure, have improve air quality, decreasing temperature and increasing humidity,
Regulate the multiple ecological functions such as local miniclimate, be one of important controllability factor alleviating tropical island effect.Chinese scholars is borrowed
Help remote sensing and monitoring means on the spot, use the related art method such as landscape ecology, statistics, to urban Heat Environment and greenery patches number
According to having carried out quantitative analysis, demonstrate greenery patches and extenuate the macroscopic appearance of tropical island effect, describe greenery patches and extenuate tropical island effect
Inherent attribute, explores the effects of reduced temperature in greenery patches and the influence degree to periphery thermal environment, and related conclusions is to macroscopic aspect city
Green landscape planning and construction have certain guidance meaning, but still rest on the method for organizing of overall aspect, with block as chi more
Degree benchmark carries out lacking actual operation during landscape planting conceptual design.Thus, greenery patches structure in block is made rational planning for
Slow down and become problem demanding prompt solution realizing heat island source.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, it is provided that a kind of Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method and system, energy
Enough reasonably block is carried out irrigation on greenbelt, thus reach the purpose that tropical island effect source, block is slowed down.
For this purpose, on the one hand, the present invention proposes a kind of Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, bag
Include:
S1, in ENVI-met build preset block block planning benchmark model, run described ENVI-met, obtain institute
State the thermal environment digital simulation result of block；
S2, change the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, obtain scenario models, run described ENVI-met, obtain described
The thermal environment digital simulation result of block；
S3, thermal environment digital simulation result according to described block determine that the optimum heat island of described block slows down greenery patches rule
The scheme of drawing, wherein, described thermal environment digital simulation result includes temperature simulation result；
S4, slow down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to described optimum heat island described block is carried out irrigation on greenbelt.
On the other hand, the present invention proposes a kind of Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system, including:
First analogue unit, for building the block planning benchmark model presetting block in ENVI-met, runs described
ENVI-met, obtains the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block；
Second analogue unit, for changing the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, obtains scenario models, runs described
ENVI-met, obtains the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block；
Programme determines unit, for determining described block according to the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block
Optimum heat island slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme, and wherein, described thermal environment digital simulation result includes temperature simulation result；
Planning unit, carries out irrigation on greenbelt for slowing down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to described optimum heat island to described block.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method and system described in the embodiment of the present invention, are building benchmark
On the basis of case is simulated, set the simulation case of different landscape greening structure, be simulated one by one running, and
On the basis of quantitative analysis analog result, the optimum Greening Design scheme of screening, utilize optimum Greening Design scheme to carry out green to block
Ground planning, the present invention have applied widely, precision is high and low cost and other advantages, for the source of block scale tropical island effect
Slow down and there is most important theories and using value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method one embodiment；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system one embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is explicitly described, it is clear that described embodiment is the present invention
A part of embodiment rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not having
Make the every other embodiment obtained under creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
As it is shown in figure 1, the present embodiment discloses a kind of Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, including:
S1, in ENVI-met build preset block block planning benchmark model, run described ENVI-met, obtain institute
State the thermal environment digital simulation result of block；
S2, change the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, obtain scenario models, run described ENVI-met, obtain described
The thermal environment digital simulation result of block；
S3, thermal environment digital simulation result according to the described block obtained in step S1 and S2 determine described block
Optimum heat island slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme, and wherein, described thermal environment digital simulation result includes temperature simulation result；
S4, slow down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to described optimum heat island described block is carried out irrigation on greenbelt.
In the planning of block, generally comprise building, underlying surface, green plants etc., block planning benchmark model modeling process
In, model successively according to building, plant, underlying surface order, it is to avoid repeat modeling at same place grid.Mesh scale in modeling
Size, number of grid all can directly influence the accuracy of result of calculation, and wherein, the height of zoning have to be larger than equal to building
Building the twice of thing maximum height, ENVI-met (grind by Germany Michael Bruse (University of Mainz, Germany)
Send out based on hydrodynamics and the Three-dimension Numerical Model of heat balance principle, block wind environment outdoor, urban heat land effect and
The fields such as indoor natural ventilating are widely used.) the zoning maximum mesh number that provides is 250mm × 250mm × 30mm.
In step S2, in the case of keeping situation of building and layout type in benchmark case constant, change greening in model
The configuration of landscape feature, carries out ENVI-met micro climate simulation one by one.The wherein change of ratio of green space, by being increased or decreased hard
Mat formation and on the area basis of cement flooring, on the basis of benchmark case 30%, carry out the change of ± 20%, afforesting type and basic
Layout structure is constant；Greening composite type and the change of ratio, keep ratio of green space and Greenbelt planning structure to keep constant, to Qiao
Wood, meadow and three kinds of afforesting types of water body carry out various combination and change its blend proportion, and this is special to consider roof greening
Landscape design mode；The change of layout structure, to arbor lawn, three kinds of layout type of arbor water body both afforesting types
Being simulated respectively, layout type includes the base line topology of integrated distribution, bar shaped layout and inlays layout, is specifically shown in Table 1.
Table 1 each sight case landscape design factor is arranged
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method described in the embodiment of the present invention, enters building benchmark case
On the basis of row simulation, set the simulation case of different landscape greening structure, be simulated one by one running, and quantitatively dividing
On the basis of analysis analog result, the optimum Greening Design scheme of screening, utilize optimum Greening Design scheme that block is carried out irrigation on greenbelt,
The present invention have applied widely, precision is high and low cost and other advantages, tool is slowed down in the source for block scale tropical island effect
There are most important theories and using value.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, described
Change the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, including:
Change the ratio of green space of described benchmark model, greening composite type, greening portfolio ratio and/or Greenbelt planning structure.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, described
Thermal environment digital simulation result according to described block determines that the optimum heat island of described block slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme, bag
Include:
Thermal environment digital simulation result based on described block calculates PMV model, and determines the expected value of absolute value
Little result of calculation；
The greenery patches rule that in the result of calculation minimum by the expected value of absolute value, the most uniform result of calculation of spatial distribution is corresponding
The scheme of drawing is defined as the optimum heat island of described block and slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, described
The computing formula of PMV model is
Wherein, M is metabolism rate, and W/S, W are people
Body power, W/S, PaFor steam partial pressure in surrounding air, Pa, taFor air themperature, DEG C, IclFor clothes thermal resistance, W/K*
m2, tclFor people's external surface mean temperature of wearing the clothes, DEG C,For mean radiant temperature, DEG C, Var is air velocity, m/s.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described PMV model (Predicted Mean Vote Model) is Denmark Franger religion
Award the evaluation index proposing to characterize human thermal response (warm-cold sensitivity), in order to reflect the cold and hot sensation of same environment vast majority of people,
Having considered active characteristics and the body energy balance of people, evaluation result is objective, should in outdoor, city hot comfort is evaluated
With extensively.T in computing formulaclAccording to formula Meter
Calculate.
Consider that evaluation result is objective and widespread popularity, (liftoff 1.5m) PMV model can be introduced at human height for commenting
Valency index, has considered active characteristics and the body energy balance of people.Under normal circumstances, PMV index value scope is (non--4
Chang Leng) between 4 (the coldest), numerical value is to generally mean that optimal heat comfort conditions when 0, PMV recommendation is by ISO7730-
Between 0.5 to+0.5, domestic it has been generally acknowledged that can be considered thermally comfortable environment between-1 to+1, evaluation PMV evaluation index of the present invention
As shown in table 2 to thermal environment thermal comfort partition of the scale table.
Table 2PMV hotness scale
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, described
Initial value needed for ENVI-met described in step S1 and S2 runs is the observation of closest place meteorological observation of identical period website
Data, wherein, the type of data of described meteorological observation website observation and the type phase of described thermal environment digital simulation result
With.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, described
Thermal environment digital simulation result also includes relative humidity analog result, wind speed simulation result and/or wind direction analog result.
As in figure 2 it is shown, the present embodiment discloses a kind of Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system, including:
First analogue unit 1, for building the block planning benchmark model presetting block in ENVI-met, runs described
ENVI-met, obtains the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block；
Second analogue unit 2, for changing the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, obtains scenario models, runs described
ENVI-met, obtains the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block；
Programme determines unit 3, for determining described block according to the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block
Optimum heat island slow down irrigation on greenbelt scheme, wherein, described thermal environment digital simulation result includes temperature simulation result；
Planning unit 4, carries out irrigation on greenbelt for slowing down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to described optimum heat island to described block.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system described in the embodiment of the present invention, enters building benchmark case
On the basis of row simulation, set the simulation case of different landscape greening structure, be simulated one by one running, and quantitatively dividing
On the basis of analysis analog result, the optimum Greening Design scheme of screening, utilize optimum Greening Design scheme that block is carried out irrigation on greenbelt,
The present invention have applied widely, precision is high and low cost and other advantages, tool is slowed down in the source for block scale tropical island effect
There are most important theories and using value.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system, described
Second analogue unit, for changing the ratio of green space of described benchmark model, greening composite type, greening portfolio ratio and/or greening
Layout structure.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system, described
Programme determines unit, calculates PMV model for thermal environment digital simulation result based on described block, and determines definitely
The result of calculation that the expected value of value is minimum, in the result of calculation minimum by the expected value of absolute value, spatial distribution calculates the most uniformly
Irrigation on greenbelt scheme corresponding to result is defined as the optimum heat island of described block and slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme.
Alternatively, in another embodiment of present invention Urban Streets based on ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system, described
The computing formula of PMV model is
Wherein, M is metabolism rate, and W is that human body does
Power, PaFor steam partial pressure in surrounding air, taFor air themperature, IclFor clothes thermal resistance, tclFor people's external surface of wearing the clothes
Mean temperature,For mean radiant temperature, Var is air velocity.
Embodiments provide a kind of applied widely, Urban Streets irrigation on greenbelt method of strong operability, to solve
Certainly the deficiencies in the prior art, compared with prior art, have a following features:
(1) deficiency in block tropical island effect mechanism and technical operation is slowed down for urban green space space structure and layout,
Introduce ENVI-met hydrodynamics micro climate modeling landscape planting structure and layout block thermal environment is affected, thus be street
Section planning provides theoretical and technical support；
(2) the human thermal response model PMV evaluation index as analog result is introduced, it is contemplated that block thermal environment model feelings
The active characteristics of scape servant and body energy balance, carried out the Different Effects degree of block scale landscape green space structure and layout
Consider and analyze, being conducive to the optimum scheme of screening block scale planning.
Although being described in conjunction with the accompanying embodiments of the present invention, but those skilled in the art can be without departing from this
Making various modifications and variations in the case of bright spirit and scope, such amendment and modification each fall within by claims
Within limited range.
Claims (10)
1. Urban Streets based on an ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt method, including:
S1, in ENVI-met build preset block block planning benchmark model, run described ENVI-met, obtain described street
The thermal environment digital simulation result in district；
S2, change the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, obtain scenario models, run described ENVI-met, obtain described block
Thermal environment digital simulation result；
S3, thermal environment digital simulation result according to described block determine that the optimum heat island of described block slows down irrigation on greenbelt side
Case, wherein, described thermal environment digital simulation result includes temperature simulation result；
S4, slow down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to described optimum heat island described block is carried out irrigation on greenbelt.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 1 irrigation on greenbelt method, it is characterised in that described in change
Become the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, including:
Change the ratio of green space of described benchmark model, greening composite type, greening portfolio ratio and/or Greenbelt planning structure.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 1 irrigation on greenbelt method, it is characterised in that described
Determine that the optimum heat island of described block slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block, including:
Thermal environment digital simulation result based on described block calculating PMV model, and determine the expected value minimum of absolute value
Result of calculation；
The irrigation on greenbelt side that in the result of calculation minimum by the expected value of absolute value, the most uniform result of calculation of spatial distribution is corresponding
Case is defined as the optimum heat island of described block and slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 3 irrigation on greenbelt method, it is characterised in that described
The computing formula of PMV model is Its
In, M is metabolism rate, and W is human body acting
Rate, PaFor steam partial pressure in surrounding air, taFor air themperature, IclFor clothes thermal resistance, tclIn order to wear the clothes, people's external surface is put down
All temperature,For mean radiant temperature, Var is air velocity.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 1 irrigation on greenbelt method, it is characterised in that described step
Initial value needed for ENVI-met runs described in rapid S1 and S2 is the observation of closest place meteorological observation of identical period website
Data, wherein, the type of the data of described meteorological observation website observation is identical with the type of described thermal environment digital simulation result.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 1 irrigation on greenbelt method, it is characterised in that described heat
Environmental data analog result also includes relative humidity analog result, wind speed simulation result and/or wind direction analog result.
7. Urban Streets based on an ENVI-met irrigation on greenbelt system, it is characterised in that including:
First analogue unit, for building the block planning benchmark model presetting block in ENVI-met, runs described ENVI-
Met, obtains the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block；
Second analogue unit, for changing the greenery patches structure of described benchmark model, obtains scenario models, runs described ENVI-
Met, obtains the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block；
Programme determines unit, for determining the optimum of described block according to the thermal environment digital simulation result of described block
Heat island slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme, and wherein, described thermal environment digital simulation result includes temperature simulation result；
Planning unit, carries out irrigation on greenbelt for slowing down irrigation on greenbelt scheme according to described optimum heat island to described block.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 7 irrigation on greenbelt system, it is characterised in that described
Two analogue units, for changing the ratio of green space of described benchmark model, greening composite type, greening portfolio ratio and/or virescence fabric
Office's structure.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 7 irrigation on greenbelt system, it is characterised in that described rule
Draw scheme determination unit, calculate PMV model for thermal environment digital simulation result based on described block, and determine absolute value
The minimum result of calculation of expected value, in the result of calculation minimum by the expected value of absolute value, spatial distribution calculates knot the most uniformly
The irrigation on greenbelt scheme that fruit is corresponding is defined as the optimum heat island of described block and slows down irrigation on greenbelt scheme.
Urban Streets based on ENVI-met the most according to claim 9 irrigation on greenbelt system, it is characterised in that described
The computing formula of PMV model is Its
In, M is metabolism rate, and W is human body acting
Rate, PaFor steam partial pressure in surrounding air, taFor air themperature, IclFor clothes thermal resistance, tclIn order to wear the clothes, people's external surface is put down
All temperature,For mean radiant temperature, Var is air velocity.
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| CN109426772A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-03-05 | 中国科学院城市环境研究所 | A kind of remote sensing detection method of the artificial hot driving change in time and space in city |
| CN112348239A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-09 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Method for predicting intensity of artificial green land on heat island of alleviation city |
| CN112347711A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-09 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Numerical simulation method for influencing urban heat island effect by street valley horizontal ventilation |
| CN112347711B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-11-14 | 中国建筑科学研究院有限公司 | Numerical simulation method for influence of street-valley horizontal ventilation on urban heat island effect |
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