CN105890283A - Nitrogen blockage prevention and control method and system for internal pressure boosting air separator - Google Patents

Nitrogen blockage prevention and control method and system for internal pressure boosting air separator Download PDF

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CN105890283A
CN105890283A CN201510039496.8A CN201510039496A CN105890283A CN 105890283 A CN105890283 A CN 105890283A CN 201510039496 A CN201510039496 A CN 201510039496A CN 105890283 A CN105890283 A CN 105890283A
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space division
nitrogen
maximum allowable
tower
argon
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CN105890283B (en
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王绿宇
王光勤
张秦
马益
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a nitrogen blockage prevention and control method and system for an internal pressure boosting air separator. The liquid level height of liquid oxygen of an air separator upper tower is monitored. If the rising value of the liquid level height is larger than the maximum allowable rising value within unit time, the flow amount of return liquid of the air separator upper tower is reduced. According to the nitrogen blockage prevention and control method and system for the internal pressure boosting air separator, preventive judgment can be made and advanced intervention and control are adopted before nitrogen blockage may occur to the air separator, so that occurrence of nitrogen blockage is avoided. The argon content in an argon fraction pumping area is always kept at the best percentage, and maximization of the argon extraction efficiency is realized.

Description

The nitrogen plug prevention and control method and system of interior boosting space division
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nitrogen plug prevention and control method and system, particularly to one at interior liter Pressure space division carries out the method and system of nitrogen plug prevention and control.
Background technology
Argon is the rare gas that current industrial application is the widest, in terms of metal smelt, oxygen, Argon blowing is the important measures producing high-quality steel.Argon uses produced via cryogenic techniques, by The air degree of depth cools down by oxygenerator, after rectification, utilize wherein that each component such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon is not Carry out separating, extracting with boiling point, thus produce corresponding gas products.The boiling point of argon between Between oxygen and nitrogen.
Oxygenerator is referred to as " space division " because of its air separation process.Seeing Fig. 1, air is at sky Dividing upper tower 10 to realize liquid oxygen 11, nitrogen 12 and the separation of Argon fraction gas 13, under space division, tower is evacuated to In space division, the liquid of tower 10 is as backflow 14;In space division, the bottom of tower 10 obtains high-purity liquid Oxygen 11;Upflowing vapor after rectification in space division the top of tower 10 obtain high-purity nitrogen 12; From space division, the middle part argon enrichment region of tower 10 is extracted one Argon fraction gas 13 out and is sent into argon piece-rate system 20, in the crude argon column of argon piece-rate system 20, rectification deoxygenation, obtains crude argon, the most again at argon The pure argon column of piece-rate system 20 is denitrogenated, obtains high-purity liquid argon product and send into storage tank, then pass through Heat exchange evaporation obtains argon product.
Argon belongs to rare gas, and aerial content is only 0.932%.More in order to obtain Argon product is it is necessary to improve the extraction ratio of argon as far as possible, but is susceptible to again during extracting " nitrogen plug " phenomenon.So-called " nitrogen plug " phenomenon, refers to the taking out of Argon fraction gas of tower 10 in space division The medium of port area is carried secretly too much nitrogen component, and nitrogen is low-boiling point gas, too much After nitrogen component is drawn in argon piece-rate system 20, these nitrogen that cannot condense can be at crude argon Gather in the condensation side pipeline of top of tower condenser, form the phenomenon that gas is stifled.Nitrogen plug phenomenon can make Condensation function decrease fast, so that the flow of Argon fraction gas is die-offed, the argon product of production Purity is defective, and the production of argon product will be forced to interrupt.Therefore, the consequence of nitrogen plug is suitable Serious, the generation of this phenomenon should be avoided as far as possible.
In the distribution of each component of space division gas, when oxygen content is 92%, nitrogen content convergence In 0%, the amount containing argon is about 8%, and this region is referred to as optimal Argon fraction district.When exceeding optimal argon During fraction district, the ratio of argon component continues to rise, and can reach maximum argon content ratio district, but Meanwhile, the ratio of nitrogen component also can rapid increase, easily cause argon piece-rate system 20 Raw nitrogen plug.On the contrary, when less than optimal Argon fraction district, the content of nitrogen component is always zero, Nitrogen plug will not occur, but the ratio of argon component also will reduce accordingly.
In prior art, the prevention and control scheme to nitrogen plug is: is taken out by observation Argon fraction and contains at mouth Nitrogen plug phenomenon is made anticipation by the change of oxygen amount, (bright when Argon fraction takes out oxygen content minimizing at mouth Aobvious less than 92%, such as reach 89%), it is meant that Argon fraction takes out the argon component of port area, nitrogen Component rises the most therewith, and nitrogen plug risk increases the most therewith.At this time, it may be necessary to reduce immediately in space division The backflow of tower 10, to reduce reflux ratio, thus prevents nitrogen plug.
But this technology has the disadvantage that
1, Argon fraction is taken out the oxygen analyser at mouth and is installed on analysis room, and sampled point is at the scene (inside air separation cooling box), the sampling tube connecting the two is longer, sampling gas arrive analyser need through Spending the regular hour, namely the reading of analyser always lags behind Argon fraction and takes out port area reality The change of oxygen content.Correspondingly, the anticipation to nitrogen plug also can be delayed.
2, owing to having delayed to nitrogen plug anticipation, therefore operator are when adjusting backflow flow, Toning or less stress phenomenon often occur, Adjustment effect is undesirable.
3, owing to space division is when properly functioning, it is steady that the rectification operating mode in tower can present a kind of waveform State shape, i.e. reflux ratio are not a constant, but present certain wave amplitude.Therefore, for Guaranteeing nitrogen plug, operator can suitably reduce some backflow flows, thus by reality Argon fraction is taken out the argon constituent content of port area and is controlled below optimal Argon fraction district, but the most also can Corresponding Argon recovery rate is caused to reduce.More less than optimal Argon fraction district, there is the probability of nitrogen plug The lowest, but Argon recovery rate is the lowest.That is, although prevent nitrogen plug, but also sacrifice The yield of argon.
It addition, the patent application application documents that number of patent application is CN200910102150.2 provide The preventing control method of a kind of air separation unit argon producing system nitrogen plug, it contains by choosing the argon of Argon fraction Amount, Argon fraction temperature, the argon content at crude argon column II top and the purity etc. of product oxygen The measured value of index, as the basis for estimation whether nitrogen plug occurs.And these controlled variables are all located In the rear operation of Yu Shangta, therefore the hysteresis quality of the measured value such as argon content, oxygen purity is still Exist, thus the promptness of anticipation nitrogen plug there is also deficiency.
Summary of the invention
To this end, the invention provides a kind of nitrogen plug prevention and control method of interior boosting space division, its bag Include: the liquid level of the liquid oxygen of tower in monitoring space division, if described liquid level is within the unit interval Rising value more than maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), then reduce the backflow of tower in described space division Flow.
Wherein, described maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2) obtains by the following method: S1. passes through Equation below, is calculated maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2): maximum allowable nitrogenous component Nitrogen flow Q (N2)/Argon fraction flow Q (the Ar) × permission of A (N2)=maximum stable removing The Proportional coefficient K relaxed;S2. incrementally increase the flow of described backflow, and it is described to synchronize increase The extracted amount of liquid oxygen, so that described liquid level keeps constant, monitors tower in described space division and divides Nitrogen content in the Argon fraction gas separated out, when this nitrogen content reaches described maximum allowable nitrogen component During content A (N2), the extracted amount of record described liquid oxygen now is maximum allowable rise volume V(O2);S3. by equation below, it is calculated described maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2): The storage liquid of tower in big permission rising value Ld (O2)=maximum allowable rise volume V (O2)/space division The sectional area S of groove.
Further, the method includes: in described reduction space division the flow of the backflow of tower it After, monitor the nitrogen content in described Argon fraction gas and oxygen content and regulate the stream of described backflow Amount so that this nitrogen content less than and close to described maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2) (herein " close to " represent that this nitrogen content is less than with the difference of described maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2) 5%), and this oxygen content less than and close to 92% (herein " and close to " represent this oxygen content It is less than 2%) with the difference of desired value 92%.
On the other hand, present invention also offers the nitrogen plug prevention and control system of a kind of interior boosting space division, Comprising: be arranged at the first and second liquidometers of tower in space division, when being respectively used to monitor current In the described space division carved, the liquid level of the described liquid oxygen of the liquid level of liquid oxygen of tower and previous moment is high Degree, is spaced apart the unit interval between described current time and described previous moment;It is arranged at institute State the regulation valve on the conveyance conduit of the backflow of tower in space division, for regulating described backflow Flow;Control unit, when receiving decision signal, controls described regulation valve, to reduce State the flow of backflow;And anticipation unit, for judging that the liquid level of described liquid oxygen is in institute Stating whether the rising value in the unit interval is more than maximum allowable rising value, if being more than, then exporting institute State decision signal to described control unit.Preferably, described first and second liquidometers all use Differential pressure transmitter.
Further, this system also includes being arranged at Argon fraction gas defeated of tower in described space division Send the first and second analysers on pipeline, be respectively used to monitor containing in described Argon fraction gas Nitrogen quantity and oxygen content.
The nitrogen plug prevention and control method and system of the interior boosting space division of the present invention, it is possible to can in space division Before nitrogen plug can occur, make preventative judgement in time and take to intervene in advance and control, thus Avoid the generation of nitrogen plug, and the amount containing argon that Argon fraction is taken out port area all the time controls at optimal percentage Ratio, it is achieved the maximization of argon extraction ratio.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of tower in space division in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the nitrogen plug prevention and control system of the interior boosting space division of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
With detailed description of the invention, the nitrogen plug of the interior boosting space division of the present invention is prevented below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings Control method and system are described in further detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Analyze nitrogen plug basic reason, be due in space division the total amount of the backflow 14 of tower 10 with The ratio of total amount of the nitrogen 12 risen, has exceeded Argon fraction and has taken out port area design defined Allow greatly reflux ratio, so that this region can carry too much nitrogen component secretly.Furthermore, it is contemplated that In space division in tower 10, the total amount of the nitrogen 12 of the rising corresponding to certain operating mode is constant, Therefore by controlling the flow of backflow 14, the size of reflux ratio can be controlled, thus prevent nitrogen The generation of plug.
Seeing Fig. 2, the feature of interior boosting space division is, its product liquid oxygen 1101 and go to produce height The liquid oxygen 1102 of pressure oxygen product is both from the liquid oxygen 11 of the bottom of tower in space division 10, liquid oxygen 11 are in flow regime all the time.When not pumping product liquid oxygen 1101, its send for producing Liquid oxygen 1102 flow of high pressure oxygen is constant, therefore, and the liquid of the bottom of tower 10 in space division The lifting of oxygen 11 liquid level is just solely dependent upon the uninterrupted of backflow 14.
Technical scheme These characteristics based on interior boosting space division, therefore, it can basis In space division, the change within the unit interval of the liquid level of the liquid oxygen 11 of the bottom of tower 10, sentences The flow of disconnected backflow 14 is the most too fast, thus there is the risk causing nitrogen plug.
Therefore, the nitrogen plug prevention and control method of the interior boosting space division of the present invention, comprising: monitoring The liquid level of the liquid oxygen 11 of tower 10 in space division, if the rising that liquid level is within the unit interval Value more than maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), then reduces the stream of the backflow 14 of tower 10 in space division Amount.
To this end, as in figure 2 it is shown, the nitrogen plug prevention and control system of the interior boosting space division of the present invention, Comprising: be arranged at the first liquidometer 111 and the second liquidometer 112 of tower 10 in space division, point Yong Yu not monitor the liquid level of the liquid oxygen 11 of current time and the liquid of the liquid oxygen 11 of previous moment Position height, wherein, is spaced apart the unit interval between current time and previous moment;It is arranged at In space division, the regulation valve 142 on the conveyance conduit of the backflow 14 of tower 10, is used for regulating backflow The flow of 14;Control unit, when receiving decision signal, control and regulation valve 142 is to reduce The flow of backflow 14;And anticipation unit, for judging that the liquid level of liquid oxygen 11 is at list Whether the rising value in bit time, more than maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), if being more than, then exports Decision signal is to control unit.
The nitrogen plug prevention and control of the interior boosting space division of the present invention are specifically described below by embodiment The process of method and system and structure.
With continued reference to Fig. 2, it is preferable that the nitrogen plug prevention and control system of the interior boosting space division of the present invention Including:
It is arranged at the first liquidometer 111 and the second liquidometer 112, Ke Yijun of tower 10 in space division Using the differential pressure transmitter of same model and specification, pressure point, connecting pipe are the most identical, measure sky Divide the liquid level of the liquid oxygen 11 of the bottom of upper tower 10.Wherein, the first liquidometer 111 is used for measuring Current level value, the second liquidometer 112 be used for obtaining the unit interval (such as, 1 hour, 30 Minute etc.) before level value.
First-class gauge 141 on the conveyance conduit of the backflow 14 being arranged at tower 10 in space division With the first regulation valve 142, first-class gauge 141 is used for measuring the stream of tower backflow 14 Amount, the first regulation valve 142 is for controlling the flow of upper tower backflow 14.
It is arranged at the second gauge on the Argon fraction gas transmission pipeline in argon piece-rate system 20 133, the second piezometer 134 and the second regulation valve 135, wherein, second gauge 133 uses Differential pressure transmitter, measures the flow of Argon fraction 13;Second piezometer 134 uses pressure transmitter, Measure Argon fraction 13 pressure, as the pressure compensation of Argon fraction 13 flow value;Second regulation valve 135, control Argon fraction 13 flow.
The first analyser 131 being arranged on the Argon fraction transfer of gas pipeline of tower 10 in space division With the second analyser 132, wherein, the oxygen-containing of Argon fraction gas 13 measured by the first analyser 131 Amount, the nitrogen content of Argon fraction gas 13 measured by the second analyser 132.
Additionally, the nitrogen plug prevention and control system of interior boosting space division also includes anticipation unit and controls single Unit's (not shown).The function of anticipation unit and control unit can select many electricity to control Mode realizes, such as Distributed Control System (DCS).
Anticipation unit gathers the current level value that the first liquidometer 111 is measured, and gathers the second liquid Position meter 112 level value of first 1 hour, then carries out subtraction, show that liquid oxygen 11 is recently 1 hour interior liquid level rising value, this rising value is as the foundation of anticipation nitrogen plug.If be detected that should Rising value is more than maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), then send decision signal to control unit.Control After unit processed receives decision signal, send regulation signal to the first regulation valve 142, to control The flow of backflow 14, so that the component of Argon fraction gas is in optimal Argon fraction district.
Distinguish below and pump liquid oxygen product and do not pump two kinds of situations of liquid oxygen product, describe this The nitrogen plug prevention and control method of bright interior boosting space division.
Situation one: do not pump nitrogen plug prevention and control method during liquid oxygen product 1101.Continuous acquisition And show the current level value of liquid oxygen 11 and the level value of first 1 hour, continuously to two liquid levels Difference carries out computing and shows.When this liquid level difference arrives maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), Show backflow 14 too much, easily cause nitrogen plug, then control the first regulation valve 142 and progressively turn down, To gradually reduce the flow of backflow 14.Then, whether the nitrogen content in Argon fraction gas is confirmed It is less than and closely (such as, differs with desired value less than 5%) maximum allowable nitrogen component to contain Amount A (N2), confirm simultaneously the oxygen content in Argon fraction gas whether less than and closely (such as, Differ less than 2% with desired value) optimal Argon fraction district 92% oxygen content, the most slowly adjust The flow of whole backflow 14 is to optimum and keeps stable, in this course, it is ensured that liquid oxygen 11 Liquid level difference be consistently less than maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), otherwise, repeat above step, I.e. continue to turn the flow of backflow 14 down until the liquid level difference of liquid oxygen 11 is less than on maximum allowable Appreciation Ld (O2).
It should be noted that oxygen content and nitrogen content in Argon fraction gas are preferably respectively Equal to 92% with maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2), could be in the case of not producing nitrogen plug Reach maximum Argon recovery rate.But practical situation is difficult to accomplish to make oxygen content and nitrogen content complete Equal to desired value, can only be as best one can close to desired value.And according to different space division and different Working condition, above-mentioned term " the most close ", " closely " and " close to " institute The implication represented also can be slightly different.Normally, the above-mentioned constituent content for representing needs full Foot: the nitrogen content in Argon fraction gas is less than with the difference of maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2) 5%, oxygen content is less than 2% with the difference of desired value 92%.
Under this steady-working state, the separation of argon can be best carried out, i.e. control Two regulation valves 135 are opened, and Argon fraction gas 13 is exported to argon piece-rate system 20 by upper tower, adopts Collect and show flow and the pressure of Argon fraction gas 13, control this flow and to maximum and keep steady Fixed.
Situation two: pump nitrogen plug prevention and control method during liquid oxygen product 1101.Control backflow The flow of 14 is to optimum when not pumping liquid oxygen, and the aperture controlling the first regulation valve 142 is constant, Guarantee that the flow holding of backflow 14 is stablized constant.Pump liquid oxygen 1101, now go up tower bottom liquid The liquid level of oxygen 11 begins to decline, and liquid level difference is negative value, will not rise to maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), thus without the risk having nitrogen plug.After pumping liquid oxygen, can be with recovery situation The prevention and control method of one.
Due to when space division normally produces, it is impossible to the side of the actual rising of liquid level by making liquid oxygen 11 Formula knows maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), because this will result directly in nitrogen plug.Therefore, originally Invention additionally provides the method obtaining maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2).
Step S1, according to equation below, calculates and enters the maximum allowable of argon piece-rate system 20 Nitrogenous component A (N2):
Nitrogen flow Q (N2) of maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2)=maximum stable removing/ Argon fraction flow Q (Ar) × allow to relax Proportional coefficient K.
Such as, in the situation of Q (N2)=30Nm3/h, Q (Ar)=60000Nm3/h, K=1.5 Under, maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2)=30Nm3/h ÷ 60000Nm3/h × 1.5 × 100% =0.075%=750ppm.
Step S2, is stepped up the flow of backflow 14, synchronizes to increase liquid oxygen product 1101 simultaneously Extracted amount, remain that the liquid level of liquid oxygen 11 is in former preset value.Observe the second analyser 132 Argon fraction gas in the change of nitrogen content, when nitrogen component reaches 750ppm, i.e. " maximum allowable Nitrogenous component A (N2) " value time, the extracted amount of record liquid oxygen product 1101 now be maximum Allow rise volume V (O2).Such as, V (O2) is 3540Nm3/h.
Owing to this flux unit refers to the standard unit of gaseous oxygen, need if comparing with liquid level It is converted into the unit of liquid oxygen.Owing to the conversion coefficient of gaseous oxygen Yu liquid oxygen is 800, i.e. corresponding The maximum allowable rise volume V (O2) of liquid oxygen be 4.425m3/h.
Step S3, the maximum allowable rising of the liquid level of the liquid oxygen 11 of upper tower bottom in calculating 1 hour Value Ld (O2).Owing in space division, the liquid-accumulating trough of tower 10 is a cylinder, its sectional area is S.1 In hour maximum allowable in the maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2)=1 hour of upper tower bottom liquid level Liquid oxygen volume V (O2) risen/upper tower liquid-accumulating trough sectional area S.
According to custom, i.e. can also can represent on maximum allowable with percentage ratio by height unit Appreciation Ld (O2).
It should be noted that the extracted amount of liquid oxygen product 1101 herein, really with per hour For unit, therefore maximum allowable rising liquid in corresponding to that liquid oxygen volume V (O2) is actual and referring to 1 hour Oxysome amasss V (O2), and correspondingly, rising value Ld (O2) practical significance is upper tower bottom in 1 hour Liquid oxygen maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2).Therefore, according to actual needs or the habit of operator Used, if the unit interval is not 1 hour, need this value to be converted, during to obtain unit Interior maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2).For example, it is possible to upper tower bottom in being converted to 30 minutes Liquid oxygen maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), i.e. unit interval are 30 minutes.
The invention provides a kind of nitrogen plug prevention and control system being applicable to interior boosting space division and control thereof Method processed, it utilizes the rising within the unit interval of the liquid oxygen liquid level to change as anticipation foundation, liquid Signal transmission is measured the most in time in position, overcomes analyser signal propagation delay in former technology and causes The hysteresis quality of nitrogen plug risk anticipation;It is thus possible to quickly make nitrogen plug risk anticipation and be controlled by, And the amount containing argon that Argon fraction is taken out port area all the time controls in optimized percentage, it is achieved Argon recovery rate Maximization.
Above detailed description of the invention is only the illustrative embodiments of the present invention, it is impossible to be used for limiting The present invention, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.Those skilled in the art are permissible In the essence and protection domain of the present invention, the present invention is made various amendment or equivalent, These amendments or equivalent also should be regarded as being within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the nitrogen plug prevention and control method of space division of boosting in a kind, it is characterised in that the method bag Include: the liquid level of the liquid oxygen of tower in monitoring space division, if described liquid level is within the unit interval Rising value more than maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2), then reduce the backflow of tower in described space division Flow.
The nitrogen plug prevention and control method of interior boosting space division the most according to claim 1, it is special Levying and be, described maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2) obtains by the following method:
S1. by equation below, it is calculated maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2):
Nitrogen flow Q (N2) of maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2)=maximum stable removing/ The Proportional coefficient K that Argon fraction flow Q (Ar) × allow relaxes;
S2. incrementally increase the flow of described backflow, and synchronize to increase the extracted amount of described liquid oxygen, So that described liquid level keeps constant, monitor tower isolated Argon fraction gas in described space division Nitrogen content in body, when this nitrogen content reaches described maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2), note The extracted amount of record described liquid oxygen now is maximum allowable rise volume V (O2);
S3. by equation below, it is calculated described maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2):
Tower in maximum allowable rising value Ld (O2)=maximum allowable rise volume V (O2)/space division The sectional area S of liquid-accumulating trough.
The nitrogen plug prevention and control method of interior boosting space division the most according to claim 2, it is special Levying and be, the method farther includes: in described reduction space division the flow of the backflow of tower it After, monitor the nitrogen content in described Argon fraction gas and oxygen content and regulate the stream of described backflow Amount so that this nitrogen content is less than and close to described maximum allowable nitrogenous component A (N2), and should Oxygen content is less than and close to 92%.
4. the nitrogen plug prevention and control system of space division of boosting in a kind, it is characterised in that this system bag Include:
It is arranged at the first and second liquidometers of tower in space division, is respectively used to monitor current time The liquid level of the described liquid oxygen of the liquid level of the liquid oxygen of tower and previous moment in described space division, It is spaced apart the unit interval between described current time and described previous moment;
It is arranged at the regulation valve on the conveyance conduit of the backflow of tower in described space division, is used for regulating The flow of described backflow;
Control unit, when receiving decision signal, controls described regulation valve, described to reduce The flow of backflow;And
Anticipation unit, for judging that the liquid level of described liquid oxygen is within the described unit interval Whether appreciating more than maximum allowable rising value, if being more than, then exporting described decision signal to described Control unit.
The nitrogen plug prevention and control system of interior boosting space division the most according to claim 4, it is special Levying and be, this system also includes the Argon fraction transfer of gas pipeline being arranged at tower in described space division On the first and second analysers, the nitrogen content being respectively used to monitor in described Argon fraction gas and Oxygen content.
The nitrogen plug prevention and control system of interior boosting space division the most according to claim 4, it is special Levying and be, described first and second liquidometers all use differential pressure transmitter.
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