CN105887792A - Observation device for observing soil deformation based on slide rheostat and measuring method - Google Patents
Observation device for observing soil deformation based on slide rheostat and measuring method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105887792A CN105887792A CN201610225807.4A CN201610225807A CN105887792A CN 105887792 A CN105887792 A CN 105887792A CN 201610225807 A CN201610225807 A CN 201610225807A CN 105887792 A CN105887792 A CN 105887792A
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- Prior art keywords
- observation device
- slide rheostat
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- soil
- settlement
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/08—Investigation of foundation soil in situ after finishing the foundation structure
Abstract
The invention discloses an observation device for observing soil deformation based on slide rheostat and a measuring method. The observation device comprises a pile casing, a box body, a conductive part, an electric brush, a settlement plate, a connecting part and a wire; the pile casing is fixed to the road surface concrete structure, the box body is fixed to the inner wall of the pile casing, the conductive part is fixed to the inner wall of the box body, the electric brush is in contact with the conductive part, the settlement plate is arranged inside soil and placed below the pile casing, the connecting part is connected with the electric brush and the settlement plate, and the wire is led out of the upper end and the lower end of the conductive part and the electric brush and is communicated with a measuring instrument to measure changing resistance of the conductive part and the electric brush; the instrument and the measuring method are provided for replacing ground surface settlement and layered settlement measuring, settlement is converted into electric signals to be output, and the measuring result is precise; meanwhile, the ground surface settlement can be observed, and multiple observation devices are used for observing soil layered settlement; and by the adoption of the device, the changing rule of the displacement of soil relative to the structure layer can be effectively measured out in time, operation is easy, the result is precise, and the measuring value is more reliable.
Description
Technical field
A kind of observation device and measuring method, the observation device of a kind of land movement and measurement side
Method.
Background technology
When using pipe jacking tunnel or shield tunnel transformation city traffic or electricity power engineering, all can relate to earth's surface and sink
Fall and the measurement of deep soil delaminating deposition.The size of sedimentation directly affects constructing tunnel to surrounding
Influence degree, is observed sedimentation in time and accurately, can well be used for adjusted design and construction ginseng
Number, to reduce the environmental effect that constructing tunnel brings as far as possible.Therefore, the measurement of sedimentation can only be at the scene
Carry out.
At present, on-the-spot ground settlement observation procedure commonly used in engineering, is to be imbedded by the reinforcing bar of certain diameter
Underground more than 30cm, it is ensured that it enters foundation soil, if point position is pavement of road or concrete hard formation,
Also needing to be punched by hard formation with tapping machine, imbed reinforcing bar the most again, Kong Zhongyong fine sand backfills, and needs to ensure steel simultaneously
Muscle certain distance above ground level, and carry out relevant protective measure.The layered settlement observation method used at the scene,
It is then to use rig in inside soil body perforate to certain depth, then sedimentation ring is imbedded prescribed depth, finally use
Laminated settlement meter measures the settling amount of each magnet ring.This settlement observation method the most often occurs one
A little problems, one is due to surface subsidence observation station certain distance above ground level, is easily subject to construction infection and quilt
Destroy, can not repair after destruction;Two when being to push pipe or shield-tunneling construction, attached at tool pipe export & import hole
Closely often there is big machinery, may cause unsighted when measuring and produce trouble;Three is to measure soil body layering
During sedimentation, delaminating deposition pipe can be impacted by push pipe or shield-tunneling construction, and delaminating deposition pipe itself can be made because of soil
Body moves and produces shifting or sinking, affects real layered settlement observation effect, and remote-effects are to engineering people
Member understands the law of development of ground settlement or soil body delaminating deposition with the most effective assessment construction in time to periphery
The impact of environment;Easily affected and destroyed by anthropic factor and natural cause plus delaminating deposition instrument probe, repaired
Or change instrument again by expense certain for generation, economical not;Being additionally carried out laminated settlement meter is scale reading,
The personal error of reading is big, thus the evaluation result that impact is to engineering;Prior art is the most unresolved such asks
Topic.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of instrument and measuring method instead
Table sedimentation and the measurement of delaminating deposition, transfer signal of telecommunication output to by sedimentation, and measurement result is accurate;Meanwhile, originally
Invention can not only observe ground settlement, uses multiple devices can also observe soil body delaminating deposition;Use
The present invention can effectively and timely measure the Changing Pattern of soil body opposed configuration layer displacement, and simple to operate,
Result is accurate, and measured value is true and reliable.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, including: it is fixed on pavement concrete structure
The casing of layer, is fixed on the box body of casing inwall, is fixed on the electric-conductor of inboard wall of cartridge, contact electric-conductor
Brush, is placed in the settlement plate that inside soil body is placed under above-mentioned casing, is connected to the connection of brush and settlement plate
Part, draws in the upper and lower side of electric-conductor and brush and connects the change that measuring instrument is measured between electric-conductor and brush
Change the wire of resistance.
Aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, casing has multiple for connecting
The through hole that part passes through.
Aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, box body and the junction of connector
It is provided with waterproof rubber sleeve.
Aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, also includes: be placed on above-mentioned casing
On protecting cover.
Aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, electric-conductor is conductive plastics.
Aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, the lower section of conductive plastics and box body
Between distance be 1cm.
Aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, connector is guide rod.
The method for measurement of aforesaid a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, including walking as follows
Rapid:
Step one: installing observation device;
Step 2: observation also measures the resistance value corresponding to each wire with test instrunment;
Step 3: converse the displacement relative to road surface structare layer of each layer soil body;Concrete conversion process is:
A, can obtain according to formula R=ρ Li/S: Li=RS/ ρ
R is actually measured resistance value, and unit is Ω;ρ is conductive plastic resistance rate, unit Ω m;S is for leading
Electricity plastics cross-sectional area, unit is m2;Li is the length between brush and conductive plastics, and unit is m;
B, calculates initial separation L0 according to Li=RS/ ρ, and after construction, certain interval of time measures resistance again, calculates
Go out actual pitch Li, Li+1, then the displacement deformation relative to road surface structare layer of this soil body is:
Δ Li=Li-Li+1;As Δ Li > 0, then the soil body shows as protuberance;As Δ Li, < when 0, then the soil body shows as
Sedimentation;The soil body final relative shift S is: S=Σ Δ Li.
The invention have benefit that:
(1) this device based on slide rheostat principle is used to replace original surface subsidence observation station and divide
Layer settlement observation point, is converted into signal of telecommunication output by the sedimentation and deformation of the soil body, can avoid sinking at the observation soil body
The inconvenience brought because of construction during fall.
(2) other can directly or indirectly measure the instrument of resistance variations to use circuit tester or impedance instrument etc.
Device, draws the soil body internal deformation displacement relative to road surface structare layer by formula scales, during observation sedimentation
Simple and convenient, workload can be reduced, and can study the most accurately at push pipe or shield tunnel construction
The real-time deformation rule of Shi Tuti.
(3) when using the present invention that construction period carries out soil body opposed configuration layer displacement, can not be by environment shadow
Ringing, when using conventional method observation sedimentation, rainy weather can be to other instruments such as level gauge or theodolite
Use and produce inconvenience.
(4) present invention can not only observe ground settlement, uses multiple devices can also observe the soil body and divides
Layer sedimentation;Traditional batch sedimentometer detection probe easily constructed or such environmental effects and destroy, repairing
Or replacing probe will produce again certain expense, economical not, the present invention can preferably make up this shortcoming,
And simple to operate, it is possible to reduce error during reading.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of a kind of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of a kind of embodiment on box body top of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of a kind of embodiment of box body bottom of the present invention;
The implication of reference in figure:
1 pavement concrete structure sheaf, 2 casings, 3 box bodys, 4 conductive plasticss, 5 guide rods, 6 brushes, 7
Settlement plate, 8 wires, 9 waterproof rubber sleeves, 10 protecting covers.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention made concrete introduction.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, it is characterised in that including: be fixed on road
The casing 2 of surface concrete structure sheaf, is fixed on the box body 3 of above-mentioned casing inwall, is fixed on box body 3 inwall
Electric-conductor, the brush 6 of contact electric-conductor, it is placed in the settlement plate 7 that inside soil body is placed under casing 2, connects
In the connector of brush 6 with settlement plate 7, draw in upper and lower side and the brush 6 of above-mentioned electric-conductor and connect survey
Measuring appratus measures the wire 8 of the changes in resistance between electric-conductor and brush 6.Preferred as one, electric-conductor is
Conductive plastics 4.Connector is guide rod 5.
In order to carry out multilamellar settlement measurement, casing has multiple through hole passed through for connector.If only needing
Ground settlement during construction is observed, then uses this device, if need to be to soil body during construction
Delaminating deposition is often observed, then multiple devices can be used to be used in combination, and detailed description of the invention is: right
In each box body 3, if conditions permit, 2-3 root guide rod 5 can be arranged inside it, and ensure its top electricity
Brush all can be on conductive plastics slidably and the most unaffected, and guide rod 5 stretches in the soil body
Portion's degree of depth, by design requirement, is buried to certain position;For casing 2 inwall, multiple box can be fixed along inwall
Body 3, other element method for arranging ibid, can execute according to actual by the degree of depth that every guide rod 5 is imbedded the soil body
Work design requirement is carried out, and can measure the relative hierarchical sedimentation of the soil body when push pipe or shield-tunneling construction.
Waterproof in order to realize box body, box body is provided with waterproof rubber sleeve with the junction of connector;On casing also
It is stamped protecting cover.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of observation device surveying soil body sedimentation based on slide rheostat, including: pass through spiral shell
Casing 2 is fixed on pavement concrete structure sheaf 1 by the mode such as bolt or welding, has some cavities convenient below casing
Guide rod 5 passes, and conductive plastics 4 is fixed on box body 3 inwall, and rectangle box body 3 can use bolt or welding
Being fixed on casing 2 inwall etc. method, guide rod 5 enters box body 3 by below box body 3 with waterproof rubber sleeve 9,
A brush 6 is fixed on guide rod 5 top, as in figure 2 it is shown, insulating barrier can be used between the two to separate, in order to avoid impact
Observation effect, and ensure that brush 6 moment contacts with conductive plastics 4, a length of 10-20cm of conductive plastics 4,
Distance range can make corresponding change according to Practical Project, scribbles one layer absolutely between conductive plastics 4 and box body 3
Edge layer, it is ensured that both the most mutually conduct electricity, retains about 1cm distance with box body below conductive plastics 4, in order to avoid
Cause owing to soil deformation is excessive exceeding device range, if no to scale, then brush 6 and conductive plastics 4
It is separated from each other, i.e. cannot measure reading, convenient this problem of discovery in time.Box body 3 bottom waterproof rubber sleeve 9
It is to prevent owing to the other reasonses such as precipitation cause water to enter box body 3 inside, affecting actual measured results,
As shown in Figure 3.Respectively drawing a wire 8 at conductive plastics 4 upper and lower side and brush 6, box body drawn by wire 8
When 3, waterproof measure need to be carried out.Guide rod 5 enters inside soil body through casing and is connected with settlement plate 7, its
In, without friction between guide rod 5 and cavity, casing 2 bottom, it is ensured that guide rod 5 can be along with settlement plate be because of the soil body
Deforming and freely rise or sink, the deformation along with the soil body is also moved up and down by brush 6, guide rod 5 material
It is chosen as rustless steel or minor diameter reinforcing bar etc., finally protecting cover 10 is placed on above casing 2, with protection observation dress
Put not by breakage in installation.This principle of device is slide rheostat principle, actually one displacement transducer.
After work in every is all carried out, by wire 8, employing circuit tester or impedance instrument etc. can be direct or indirect
Measure the changes in resistance between brush 6 and conductive plastics 4.
The method for measurement of a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, comprises the steps:
Step one: installing observation device;
Step 2: observation also measures the resistance value corresponding to each wire with test instrunment;
Step 3: converse the displacement relative to road surface structare layer of each layer soil body;Concrete conversion process is:
A, can obtain according to formula R=ρ Li/S: Li=RS/ ρ
R is actually measured resistance value, and unit is Ω;ρ is conductive plastic resistance rate, unit Ω m;S is for leading
Electricity plastics cross-sectional area, unit is m2;Li is the length between brush and conductive plastics, and unit is m;
B, calculates initial separation L0 according to Li=RS/ ρ, and after construction, certain interval of time measures resistance again, calculates
Actual pitch Li, Li+1, then the displacement deformation relative to road surface structare layer of this soil body is:
Δ Li=Li-Li+1;As Δ Li > 0, then the soil body shows as protuberance;As Δ Li, < when 0, then the soil body shows
For sedimentation;The soil body final relative shift S is: S=Σ Δ Li.
Illustrate measuring method and points for attention:
First by rig, pavement concrete structure sheaf is broken, then proceed to down hole, until the anticipated end
Absolute altitude, puts into hole until designed elevation after then settlement plate and guide rod being connected, and guide rod can be selected for often saving
The extensible rustless steel of 1m or 0.5m or minor diameter reinforcing bar, if soil body delaminating deposition need to be observed, respectively settle
Board position absolute altitude need to calculate in advance, is then sequentially placed in hole.Insert the guide rod of tray interior the most
Make and stretched out box body 3, including fixing, the arrangement of guide rod top brush and the wire of inner conductive plastics
Connection etc. the most carried out, then only the guide rod stretching out box portion outside need to be connected with guide rod in hole,
After in hole Cast-in-situ Piles in Sand-filling add water closely knit to when the 50cm of earth's surface, put into casing and casing 2 be fixed on road surface knot
Structure layer, connects guide rod and box body 3 and successively box body is fixed on road surface structare layer, on wire the most again
The soil body degree of depth that labelling is well the most measured, is subsequently placed in casing, and is covered and casing top by protecting cover 10,
In case instrument being damaged during construction.
When push pipe or shield tunnel construction, place point position is observed, during observation, takes away protecting cover,
Wire is put in order, then measures the resistance value corresponding to each wire with circuit tester or impedance instrument, then
The displacement relative to road surface structare layer of each layer soil body is conversed by said method.Due to jacking construction
Or shield-tunneling construction, often there is big machinery to be stopped at this near tool pipe export & import hole, use conventional method
Often due to unsighted and can not in time soil deformation be observed during observation soil body sedimentation, and in reality
In the engineering of border, the settlement observation point at hole is often subject to construction infection, and measurement result is inaccurate, adds
When tool pipe tunnels forward, delaminating deposition pipe itself can produce upper shifting or sinking because of soil deformation, real
The delaminating deposition displacement that border is surveyed receives the impact of this part, causes measured result inaccurate, and due to
Pavement concrete structure sheaf rigidity is relatively big relative to the soil body, and the sedimentation and deformation development produced because of construction is the most slow
Slow and deformation is less, therefore, can first default configuration layer shift invariant, use this device to measure the soil body relative
In the displacement of structure sheaf, finally near casing, a railway spike can be played as road surface structare layer by road surface structare layer
Settlement observation point, during for push pipe or shield-tunneling construction, can the actual sedimentation of periodic observation road surface structare layer,
The actual sedimentation of the last soil body is then by the relative displacement measured by this device and road surface structare layer actual bit
The superposition moved.
When fixing casing 2 and fixed bin body 3, the perpendicularity of casing need to be controlled well, can't be crooked
Tiltedly, when box body is fixed on casing, perpendicularity also to be controlled well, particularly centering, in order to avoid appearance is the most right
Time middle, guide rod occurs that deflection causes measurement result inaccurate.Three lines can't be connect when measuring resistance
Mistake, to avoid short circuit and damages instrument.
The ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage have more than been shown and described.The technology people of the industry
Member is it should be appreciated that above-described embodiment limits the present invention, all employing equivalents or equivalence change the most in any form
The technical scheme that the mode changed is obtained, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat, it is characterised in that including: be fixed on road surface
The casing of concrete, is fixed on the box body of above-mentioned casing inwall, is fixed on above-mentioned inboard wall of cartridge
Electric-conductor, contacts the brush of above-mentioned electric-conductor, is placed in the settlement plate that inside soil body is placed under above-mentioned casing,
It is connected to the connector of above-mentioned brush and settlement plate, draws in the upper and lower side of above-mentioned electric-conductor and brush and connect
Logical measuring instrument measures the wire of the changes in resistance between electric-conductor and brush.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, above-mentioned casing has multiple through hole passed through for above-mentioned connector.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, above-mentioned box body is provided with waterproof rubber sleeve with the junction of connector.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, also include: be placed on the protecting cover on above-mentioned casing.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, above-mentioned electric-conductor is conductive plastics.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 5, its feature exists
In, the distance between lower section and the box body of above-mentioned conductive plastics is 1cm.
A kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 1, its feature exists
In, above-mentioned connector is guide rod.
The measurement side of a kind of observation device surveying soil deformation based on slide rheostat the most according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Step one: installing observation device;
Step 2: observation also measures the resistance value corresponding to each wire with test instrunment;
Step 3: converse the displacement relative to road surface structare layer of each layer soil body;Concrete conversion process is:
A, can obtain according to formula R=ρ Li/S: Li=RS/ ρ
R is actually measured resistance value, and unit is Ω;ρ is conductive plastic resistance rate, unit Ω m;S is for leading
Electricity plastics cross-sectional area, unit is m2;Li is the length between brush and conductive plastics, and unit is m;
B, calculates initial separation L0 according to Li=RS/ ρ, and after construction, certain interval of time measures resistance again, calculates reality
Border spacing Li, Li+1, then the displacement deformation relative to road surface structare layer of this soil body is: Δ Li=Li-Li+1;
As Δ Li > 0, then the soil body shows as protuberance;As Δ Li, < when 0, then the soil body shows as sedimentation;The soil body is final
Relative shift S is: S=Σ Δ Li.
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CN111024589A (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2020-04-17 | 李小强 | Building waterproof material detection device based on high-pressure magnetization principle |
CN111024589B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2023-09-26 | 西安湄南生物科技股份有限公司 | Detection device for building waterproof material based on high-voltage magnetization principle |
CN112034140A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-04 | 中南大学 | Physical and mechanical parameter measuring device for unsaturated expansive soil |
CN112833857A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-25 | 吴双双 | Real-time displacement multi-point monitor for engineering foundation pit |
CN114457636A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-05-10 | 北京大成国测科技有限公司 | Linear settlement deformation monitoring device and method for roadbed engineering |
CN114252062B (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-04-29 | 山东胜工检测技术有限公司 | Seabed ranging device and detection method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160824 |