CN105874124A - 制造用于沥青浸渍的屋面构件的具有受控矿物材料含量的纤维素纤维毡片的方法和合适的装置 - Google Patents

制造用于沥青浸渍的屋面构件的具有受控矿物材料含量的纤维素纤维毡片的方法和合适的装置 Download PDF

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CN105874124A
CN105874124A CN201480067320.7A CN201480067320A CN105874124A CN 105874124 A CN105874124 A CN 105874124A CN 201480067320 A CN201480067320 A CN 201480067320A CN 105874124 A CN105874124 A CN 105874124A
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W·维克托斯基
A·加利卡
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Abstract

本发明涉及由通过流浆箱铺展在具有预定宽度的成型台(1)的脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料(3)连续制造意在用于制造由沥青浸渍的纤维素纤维制成的屋面构件的纤维素纤维毡片的方法,所述脱水织物在流浆箱侧的成型台入口和成型台出口之间移动,将纤维素纤维的稀浆料(3)带向出口,在所述移动过程中经脱水织物逐渐除去所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料的液体以在出口获得具有至少2毫米厚度的所述毡片,所述稀浆料(3)具有一定的预先存在的矿物材料的含量。该方法包括通过跨过成型台的宽度将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体喷到已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料的表面上而将矿物材料添加到纤维素纤维中,控制添加的矿物填料的量以在毡片或更笼统而言屋面构件中获得由将矿物填料添加到预先存在的矿物材料中带来的可保留在毡片中的预定总矿物材料含量。一种装置完成该发明。

Description

制造用于沥青浸渍的屋面构件的具有受控矿物材料含量的 纤维素纤维毡片的方法和合适的装置
本发明涉及制造用于沥青浸渍的屋面构件的具有受控矿物材料含量的纤维素纤维毡片的方法以及适用于此用途的装置。其可用于制造基于沥青浸渍的纤维素的屋面构件的工业领域。
本发明适用的由沥青浸渍的纤维素纤维制成的屋面构件通常是如波纹板、脊瓦之类的屋面构件或任何其它有用的屋面构件。这些构件传统上由获自纤维素纤维毡片的相对刚性板制成。这种毡片由纤维素纤维的稀浆料获得,其在成型台(也称作脱水台)的脱水织物上逐渐脱水/干燥,直至其形成能够进行后续加工操作的紧密结合的(coherent)/自承毡片。为此,通过纤维素浆的稀释获得纤维素纤维的稀浆料。
现在,在形成该浆料的纤维素浆的制造中使用的原材料非常多样化,并且甚至在仅使用木材的情况下,该纤维素浆的组成会以不可忽略的方式改变。特别地,所得浆中矿物材料的含量相对可变并造成变化,特别是所得屋面结构的物理特征的变化。
因此希望能够控制所得构件的组成以使它们具有稳定和确定的物理和机械特征。特别提出通过在屋面构件制造的指定阶段添加矿物填料来控制该纤维素纤维毡片中,或更笼统而言最终获得的屋面构件中的总矿物材料含量。所述阶段进一步能够控制添加的矿物填料在所得毡片的厚度中的分布。这一阶段是在成型台上脱水的阶段。
实际上,纤维素纤维的浆和因此稀释浆料最初具有一定的预先存在的矿物材料的含量,该含量可变且其中一部分可另外经成型台的脱水织物随液体带出该毡片。可以看出,朝在成型台上流失其液体的纤维素纤维的稀浆料的顶部添加矿物填料,并因此可以利用这一事实影响矿物材料在毡片内部和厚度内的分布。特别地,朝成型台的出口越晚添加矿物填料,这些添加的矿物填料越难从纤维素纤维的稀浆料(其仍已流失很大一部分液体)中沉降并由此也可以控制添加的矿物填料的分布。
从涉及纸或甚至纸板制造的文献US3287207、WO96/00816和WO2006/100607中获知矿物产品的添加方法。它们意在用于纤维素纤维材料的薄层,其厚度完全不同于意在用于制造屋面构件的毡片的厚度。
本发明因此涉及由通过流浆箱(headbox)铺展在具有预定宽度的成型台的脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料连续制造意在用于制造由沥青浸渍的纤维素纤维制成的屋面构件的纤维素纤维毡片的方法,所述脱水织物在流浆箱侧的成型台入口和成型台出口之间移动,将所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料带向出口,在所述移动过程中经脱水织物逐渐除去所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料的液体以在出口获得具有至少2毫米厚度的所述毡片,所述稀浆料具有一定的预先存在的矿物材料的含量。
根据本发明,通过跨过成型台的宽度将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体喷到已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料的表面上,将矿物材料添加到纤维素纤维中,控制添加的矿物填料的量以在毡片或更笼统而言屋面构件中获得由将矿物填料添加到预先存在的矿物材料中带来的可保留在毡片中的确定的总矿物材料含量。
要理解的是,在成型台上脱水的过程中,脱除的液体随之带走该纤维素纤维的稀浆料的一部分预先存在的矿物材料和可能一部分添加的填料。因此相应地添加矿物填料以在屋面构件中获得确定的总矿物材料含量,其相当于从该浆料的预先存在的材料和添加的填料中留下/保留的量。如果可以相对简单地知道该浆料和屋面构件中的矿物量(例如通过取样和测量),也可以在成型台的出口实施测量手段。对于水溶液或分散体,可以测量或作为在其制造过程中其成分的比例的函数通过推断获知该量。
在本发明的各种实施方案中,使用下列手段,它们可以独自或以任何技术上可行的组合使用:
-通过跨过成型台的宽度、横穿纤维素纤维的稀浆料的进料方向布置的至少一个线性喷雾斜台获得矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾,所述至少一个斜台布置在铺展在脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料上方的指定高度,将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体加压以经喷雾喷嘴喷射,
-所述喷雾斜台包括喷雾喷嘴,
-仅使用一个斜台,
-所述斜台的高度是固定的,
-所述斜台的高度可调节,
-所述斜台的高度可变,
-所述斜台的高度可变并可通过控制工具控制,
-所述/各斜台可围绕其轴转动以能够移动喷出的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的滴在到达已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料表面时的冲击线或区,
-所述斜台围绕其轴的转动可变并可通过控制工具控制,
-用于喷雾的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的压力是固定的,
-用于喷雾的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的压力可调节,
-用于喷雾的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的压力可变,
-用于喷雾的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的压力可变并可通过控制工具控制,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾流速固定,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾流速可调节,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾流速可变,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾流速可变并可通过控制工具控制,
-所述喷雾喷嘴形成扇形喷雾,
-所述喷雾喷嘴形成锥形喷雾,
-所述喷雾喷嘴形成锥形喷雾,其母线(generating line)为圆或椭圆,
-所述控制工具是手动的,
-所述控制工具是半自动的,在毡片或屋面构件中进行总矿物材料含量的测量并根据所述测量结果调节或控制矿物填料的添加,
-所述控制工具是自动的,传感器测量毡片中的总矿物材料含量且所述控制工具调节或控制矿物填料的添加,
-通过采用镜型喷嘴(mirror nozzle)降低喷出的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的滴在到达已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料表面时的动能,
-所述镜型喷嘴进一步为文丘里效应吸气类型,
-所述喷雾斜台包括横向分布的多个喷雾喷嘴以确保来自每对相邻喷嘴的滴在已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料表面上的冲击的交叠,
-由所述喷雾喷嘴形成的喷雾相对于垂直线倾斜并从上到下朝向纤维素纤维的所述稀浆料的移动方向,
-由所述喷雾喷嘴形成的喷雾相对于垂直线倾斜并从上到下朝向与纤维素纤维的所述稀浆料的移动相反的方向,
-能够接收矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾的已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料具有15g/l至30g/l的每升液体固体材料的平均质量浓度,
-能够接收矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾的已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料由两个不同的相构成,1个液相(稀浆料)和1个固相(纤维毡片),这两个相一起具有20g/l的每升稀浆料固体材料的质量浓度,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴的冲击线或区沿成型台位于稀浆料已流失其在流浆箱出口存在的初始液体的至少25重量%,或换言之,具有比初始值高33%的每升稀浆料固体的质量浓度的位置,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴的冲击线或区靠近从成型台的入口开始计的成型台的前1/3的末端,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴的冲击线或区沿成型台位于使添加的矿物填料基本保持朝向毡片表面的位置,能够扩散到毡片厚度中的矿物填料部分不超过所述毡片的高度的一半,
-所述毡片在成型台的出口送入补充干燥站,
-对于3毫米厚的干燥毡片(即具有至少99%的干燥度),添加的矿物填料的70%+/-10%保持朝向毡片表面且添加的矿物纤维的30%+/-10%穿入毡片厚度中,已穿入毡片厚度中的所述添加的矿物填料基本留在前1/3中,即大约1毫米,
-3毫米厚的干燥毡片(即具有至少99%的干燥度)的表面质量为大约1350克/平方米,
-通过喷雾添加一定量的矿物填料以使干燥毡片(即具有至少99%的干燥度)包括15重量%至25重量%的总矿物材料,优选大约20重量%的总矿物材料,
-纤维素纤维的稀浆料在流浆箱出口具有12g/l至20g/l的密度,
-成型台的脱水织物具有大约2.4米的宽度,
-成型台的脱水织物具有大约18米/分钟的进料速度,
-成型台包括仅一个喷雾斜台,所述斜台包括12个喷嘴,
-各喷嘴的流速为大约40升/小时,
-添加大约40克/平方米的矿物填料,
-所述矿物填料的矿物材料选自高岭土、碳酸钙、滑石、煅烧残渣及其混合物。
本发明还涉及用于由通过流浆箱铺展在具有预定宽度的成型台的脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料连续制造意在用于制造由沥青浸渍的纤维素纤维制成的屋面构件的纤维素纤维毡片的装置,所述脱水织物在流浆箱侧的成型台入口和成型台出口之间移动,将所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料带向出口,在所述移动过程中经脱水织物逐渐除去所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料的液体以在出口获得具有至少2毫米厚度的所述毡片,所述稀浆料具有一定的预先存在的矿物材料的含量,所述装置包括一个或几个用于实施本发明的方法的工具。
特别地,该装置包括成型台,其包括能通过跨过成型台的宽度将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体喷到已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料的表面上而将矿物材料添加到纤维素纤维中的喷雾工具,控制添加的矿物填料的量以在毡片或更笼统而言屋面构件中获得由将矿物填料添加到预先存在的矿物材料中带来的可保留在毡片中的确定的总矿物材料含量。
在该装置发明的各种非穷举的实施变体中,使用下列工具,它们可以独自或以任何技术上可行的组合使用:
-所述喷雾工具是至少一个喷雾斜台,
-成型台的脱水织物具有大约2.4米的宽度并包括仅一个跨过宽度布置的喷雾斜台,
-通过泵向所述喷雾斜台供给矿物填料的加压水溶液或分散体,
-矿物填料的水溶液或分散体在加压前储存在连续搅动或搅拌储罐中,
-所述连续搅动或搅拌储罐也充当用于由干材料制备矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的罐,
-将制备罐经阀连向所述连续搅动或搅拌储罐,所述制备罐用于由干材料制备矿物填料的水溶液或分散体,
-在矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的进料线路中使用过滤工具,优选在加压泵前,
-所述喷雾斜台的各喷嘴可为一个或几个下列功能独立控制:喷雾或不喷雾,流速调节,
-所述喷雾斜台的各喷嘴的控制经阀进行,其中所述阀可以是旋塞或气动阀/电阀。
现在通过联系附图的实施方案的下列描述例示而不由此限制本发明:图1,其显示成型台,在其上传送纤维素纤维的稀浆料(其现在正在流失其液体)并在成型台上方布置一个喷雾斜台,并行曲线图分别显示浆料沿该台的以g/l计的浓度和以%计的干燥度。图2,其显示成型台及其喷雾斜台和用于向喷雾喷嘴进料矿物填料的稀溶液的线路的横向视图。
在图1中,侧面观看成型台1及其矿物填料的喷雾斜台2。在此成型台上循环脱水织物,其被在更上游由流浆箱6供给并铺展在所述脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料3覆盖。在图1中,该脱水织物携带的纤维素纤维的稀浆料3如“机器方向”箭头所示从右向左循环。纤维素纤维的稀浆料3因此在右侧包括比在左侧多的液体,因为这些液体穿过脱水织物漏失。由此,可以在上游和流浆箱侧的其入口和下游侧的其出口之间沿成型台1区分几个区域,首先第一液体区,然后过渡区,然后可被视为固体区的区域。在图1中,这些区域之间的界限由精确的线段表示,但在实践中,要理解的是,两个区域之间的演变不是突然的。过渡区和固体区之间的演变被称作水线(water line)并相当于从纤维素纤维的稀浆料3的表面的明亮方面向亚光方面的演变。
在这一实施例中,在过渡区中距成型台的入口2.6米安置喷雾斜台2。由此得出,如下表中所示(对于喷雾区中的测量结果,使用喷雾前的值),矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴的冲击区沿成型台位于稀浆料已流失其初始液体的至少25重量%(这相当于比初始值高33%的每升稀浆料固体的质量浓度)的位置:
组分vs位置 流浆箱 喷雾 变化
985g 740g -25%
纤维+填料 15g 15g
浓度 15g/l 20g/l +33%
喷雾斜台2是包括一组排列成行的镜型喷雾喷嘴5的线性斜台。用于喷雾矿物填料的斜台2安装在相对于循环中的脱水织物垂直地以桥形式横向跨接的门架上。
作为镜型喷嘴的实例,可以提到PNR公司在其网站www.pnr-nozzles.com上的K系列(标号KWG、KHW、KIW…)扁平喷雾喷嘴。喷雾斜台2能跨过成型台的宽度将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体喷到已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料的表面上。由于相应的旋塞4,可以使各喷嘴5工作或不工作并可独立地调节其流速。
在图2中可以看出,将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体7加压以送往喷雾斜台。在包括混合和搅拌工具的罐中储存或甚至制备矿物填料的水溶液或分散体7以保持所述溶液或分散体的一定均匀性。
由于各喷嘴5的倾斜取向以从顶部和该台的出口(下游)向底部和台的入口(流浆箱/上游侧)产生喷雾,喷雾滴的扇形喷雾因此从上到下朝向与纤维素纤维的稀浆料3的循环方向相反的方向。镜型喷嘴根据其结构在或多或少垂直于喷嘴主轴的方向上产生滴喷雾。因此,与喷雾斜台2的位置相比,滴在更上游/朝向该台的入口(在流浆箱侧)落在纤维素纤维的稀浆料3的表面上。由于使用镜型喷嘴,到达纤维素纤维的稀浆料3的表面的滴的动能降低,这避免在成型过程中破坏该纤维素纤维毡片。
优选地,各喷嘴的扇形喷雾在它们到达纤维素纤维的稀浆料3的表面的位置至少部分互相交叠。更优选地,调节交叠或不交叠(喷雾仅邻接)以使矿物填料的添加在毡片的宽度上均匀。要理解的是,这种调节可以是手动或自动的并可以通过改变喷雾压力、斜台的高度位置或取向等以各种方式获得。在另一些变体中,将可见或不可见但可检测的示踪剂或着色剂添加到矿物填料中,并控制其以均匀分布在毡片的宽度上。这种示踪剂可以是可用于另一用途但为了控制喷雾均匀性而检测的物质。
可以根据各种标准选择该滴沿成型台1到达纤维素纤维的稀浆料3的表面的位置。在所有情况下,避免朝成型台的起点添加太多矿物填料,因为纤维素纤维的稀浆料3仍太湿/液态。同样避免朝成型台的终点添加太多矿物填料,因为纤维素纤维的稀浆料3此时已流失太多液体且矿物填料不会恰当地被毡片吸收,此外,通过喷雾将新液体添加到已流失其大部分液体的纤维素纤维的稀浆料3中是不经济的。因此,在纤维素纤维的稀浆料3具有15g/l至30g/l,优选20g/l的每升液体固体材料的平均质量浓度时进行矿物填料的添加。
由于本发明,可以根据需要控制和调节成品中的矿物材料总含量。可以根据能够连续或定期测量毡片或成品中的矿物材料含量的传感器的可获得性使这种控制和调节自动或半自动。要理解的是,在越上游(靠近该斜台)进行测量,生产中的矿物填料含量越随时间稳定。但是,如果稍后的液体流失会使该含量在测量后改变并且除非不存在这种可能的稍后流失的校准,这种测量绝不能太靠近该斜台。

Claims (10)

1.由通过流浆箱(6)铺展在具有预定宽度的成型台(1)的脱水织物(8)上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料(3)连续制造纤维素纤维毡片的方法,所述脱水织物在流浆箱侧的成型台(1)入口(6)和成型台出口(9)之间移动,将纤维素纤维的稀浆料(3)带向出口,在所述移动过程中经脱水织物逐渐除去所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料的液体以在出口获得所述毡片,所述稀浆料(3)具有一定的预先存在的矿物材料的含量,并通过跨过成型台的宽度将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾喷到已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料的表面上而将矿物材料添加到纤维素纤维中,
其特征在于所述纤维素纤维毡片意在用于制造由沥青浸渍的纤维素纤维制成的屋面构件并在成型台(1)的出口具有至少2毫米的厚度,且
特征在于矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴在稀浆料上的冲击线或区沿成型台位于稀浆料已流失其在流浆箱出口存在的初始液体的至少25重量%,或换言之,具有比初始值高33%的每升稀浆料固体的质量浓度的位置,且
特征在于控制添加的矿物填料的量以在屋面构件中获得由将矿物填料添加到预先存在的矿物材料中带来的可保留在毡片中的确定的总矿物材料含量,所述控制产生包括15重量%至25重量%的总矿物材料的干燥毡片,即具有至少99%的干燥度。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于通过跨过成型台(1)的宽度、横穿纤维素纤维的稀浆料的进料方向布置的至少一个线性喷雾斜台(2)获得矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾,所述至少一个斜台布置在铺展在脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料(3)上方的指定高度,将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体加压以经喷雾喷嘴(5)喷射。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于通过采用镜型喷嘴(5),降低喷出的矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的滴在到达已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料表面时的动能。
4.根据权利要求2或3之一的方法,其特征在于喷雾斜台(2)包括横向分布的多个喷雾喷嘴(5)以确保来自每对相邻喷嘴的滴在已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料表面上的冲击的交叠。
5.根据权利要求2、3或4之一的方法,其特征在于由所述喷雾喷嘴形成的喷雾相对于垂直线倾斜并从上到下朝向与纤维素纤维的所述稀浆料的移动方向相反的方向。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于能够接收矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾的已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料具有15g/l至30g/l的每升液体固体材料的平均质量浓度。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴的冲击线或区沿成型台位于使添加的矿物填料基本保持朝向毡片表面的位置,能够扩散到毡片厚度中的矿物填料部分不超过所述毡片的高度的一半。
8.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于通过喷雾添加一定量的矿物填料以使干燥毡片,即具有至少99%的干燥度,包括大约20重量%的总矿物材料。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其特征在于所述矿物填料的矿物材料选自高岭土、碳酸钙、滑石、煅烧残渣及其混合物。
10.用于由通过流浆箱铺展在具有预定宽度的成型台(1)的脱水织物上的纤维素纤维的稀浆料(3)连续制造纤维素纤维毡片的装置,所述脱水织物在流浆箱侧的成型台入口和成型台出口之间移动,将所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料带向出口,在所述移动过程中经脱水织物逐渐除去所述纤维素纤维的稀浆料的液体以在出口获得所述毡片,所述稀浆料具有一定的预先存在的矿物材料的含量,所述装置包括跨过成型台的宽度将矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾喷到已流失一部分其初始液体的稀浆料的表面上以将矿物材料添加到纤维素纤维中的工具,
其特征在于其包括适用于实施根据前述权利要求任一项的方法以制造意在用于制造由沥青浸渍的纤维素纤维制成的屋面构件的纤维素纤维毡片的工具,所述毡片在成型台(1)的出口具有至少2毫米的厚度,且
特征在于矿物填料的水溶液或分散体的喷雾滴在稀浆料上的冲击线或区沿成型台位于稀浆料已流失其在流浆箱出口存在的初始液体的至少25重量%,或换言之,具有比初始值高33%的每升稀浆料固体的质量浓度的位置,且
特征在于由于控制添加的矿物填料的量以在屋面构件中获得由将矿物填料添加到预先存在的矿物材料中带来的可保留在毡片中的确定的总矿物材料含量,所述装置配置成产生在干燥时,即在具有至少99%的干燥度时包括15重量%至25重量%的总矿物材料的干燥毡。
CN201480067320.7A 2013-12-13 2014-12-11 制造用于沥青浸渍的屋面构件的具有受控矿物材料含量的纤维素纤维毡片的方法和装置 Active CN105874124B (zh)

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WO1996000816A1 (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-01-11 Abitibi-Price Inc. Method and apparatus for coating pulp products
WO2006100607A2 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Philip Morris Products S.A. Method and apparatus for applying a material to a wide high-speed web

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WO2015087004A1 (fr) 2015-06-18
US20170022669A1 (en) 2017-01-26
FR3014915B1 (fr) 2017-05-19
CN105874124B (zh) 2018-10-16
US9963830B2 (en) 2018-05-08

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