CN105873000B

CN105873000B - Self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system

Info

Publication number: CN105873000B
Application number: CN201610291877.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙继平
Original assignee: China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Current assignee: China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
Priority date: 2016-05-05
Filing date: 2016-05-05
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-05
Also published as: CN105873000A

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system. The system comprises wireless node equipment, monitoring equipment, underground wireless terminal equipment and other equipment; the wireless node device may be self-powered; when disaster accidents happen under a mine, the wireless node equipment forms an emergency wireless communication network to provide communication and monitoring services for underground wireless terminal equipment. The system can avoid communication interruption between the ground and the underground due to the damage of communication and power supply cables when a disaster happens, can provide reliable communication for underground trapped people and rescue workers after the underground disaster happens, and monitors the underground field condition.

Description

Self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system, which relates to the fields of sensor technology, wireless communication technology, energy conversion technology and the like.

Background

Coal is the main energy source in China and accounts for about 70% of primary energy. The coal industry is a high-risk industry, and accidents such as gas, flood, fire, roof, coal dust and the like disturb the safety production of coal mines. The underground communication system is one of six safety risk avoiding systems of a coal mine and is an important guarantee for safety production of the coal mine. The existing underground communication system mainly comprises a wired dispatching system, a mobile communication system, a broadcasting system, a disaster relief system and a through-the-earth communication system. When accidents such as gas outburst, gas explosion, rock burst, roof fall, flood, fire and the like occur underground, various communication equipment, communication cables, power supply cables and underground monitoring equipment in an underground roadway are damaged, so that a wired dispatching system, a mobile communication system and a broadcasting system are easily affected by the disastrous accidents and cannot be used. The disaster relief communication system is a wireless communication system carried by rescue workers after a disaster, and can realize communication within a certain range after the disaster, but can still not realize communication in areas where the rescue workers can not reach. The through-the-earth communication system is a communication system based on a low-frequency through-the-earth communication technology, has small accident influence and strong disaster resistance, but the sending equipment and the sending antenna for through-the-earth communication have large volumes and high cost, so the through-the-earth communication generally adopts a one-way broadcast communication mode, underground personnel can only receive information on the well and cannot send the information, the underground personnel can only be provided with the sending equipment in a limited number of underground chambers, and the underground personnel condition and the field condition which are not in the underground chambers can not be known on the well after the accident occurs, so the through-the-earth communication system can not meet the emergency communication requirements of the mine. In order to guarantee the life safety of underground personnel and solve the problems, a new emergency wireless communication and monitoring system is needed, the communication interruption between the underground and the aboveground due to the damage of communication and power supply cables can be avoided when a disaster happens, reliable communication and positioning service can be provided for underground trapped personnel and rescue personnel after the underground disaster happens, and meanwhile, the underground field condition can be monitored.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system, which mainly comprises wireless node equipment, monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment, display equipment and underground wireless terminal equipment, wherein the wireless node equipment is connected with the monitoring equipment; the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are internally provided with a storage battery and an electric energy converter, and the electric energy converter can convert energy in an underground environment into electric energy to charge the storage battery; when emergency communication is needed, wireless node equipment adopts a wireless multi-hop communication mode to form an emergency wireless communication network, and monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment, display equipment and underground wireless terminal equipment are accessed to the emergency wireless communication network through the wireless node equipment to realize communication; the emergency communication can be initiated by monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment and display equipment, and can also be initiated by underground wireless terminal equipment and aboveground communication equipment; the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are in a power-saving working state by default, each piece of equipment in the power-saving working state can be activated by other adjacent equipment, and the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment can also be automatically activated at regular time; the voice device may also be activated manually; when the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are in a power-saving working state, only the wireless signals are received, and the wireless signals are not sent; when the equipment in the power-saving working state is activated to enter a normal working state, the wireless node equipment has a complete sending and receiving function and also has a complete networking function; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

1. The system further comprises: the electric energy converter comprises one or more of a wind power converter, an electromagnetic field energy converter, a photoelectric converter, a vibration energy/electric energy converter, an acoustoelectric converter, a temperature difference/electric energy converter and a radio frequency electromagnetic field energy converter.

2. The system further comprises: the bottom of the wireless node device, the bottom of the monitoring device, the bottom of the voice device, the bottom of the monitoring device and the bottom of the display device are tightly attached to the installation plane and fixed, the section of the shell has the following characteristics that the side surface is streamline, the top of the shell does not have an acute angle or a right angle, and the junction angle between the bottom and the top is an acute angle; the bottom material is made of a material with good heat conduction property; the top material of the wireless node equipment adopts a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material without a wireless signal shielding effect; the wireless node device housing has a waterproof function.

3. The system further comprises: the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are arranged on the side wall or the top of the roadway and the wall of the shaft, and can also be arranged on the accessory facilities which are firm on the side wall or the wall of the shaft at the top of the roadway and are permanently reserved in the service life of the roadway.

4. The system further comprises: when the wireless node equipment is activated by adjacent equipment, if uplink communication is needed, the wireless node equipment activates the adjacent wireless node equipment in the uplink communication direction, and activates all the wireless node equipment in the uplink direction step by step in a relay mode to complete the network environment establishment of a link needed by communication; when the system needs downlink communication, all wireless node equipment needed by communication is activated in a relay activation mode to complete the establishment of a network environment needed by communication; after the communication is completed, each wireless node device automatically enters a power-saving working state.

5. The system further comprises: the monitoring equipment comprises a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a methane sensor, an oxygen sensor, an air pressure sensor, a humidity sensor and a water immersion sensor.

6. The system further comprises: if the monitoring equipment is in a power-saving working state, when the surface equipment needs to acquire environmental data of a specific underground area, firstly, an emergency wireless communication network needs to be activated, the monitoring equipment in the communication range of the surface equipment is activated through the wireless node equipment in the area, the monitoring equipment automatically establishes a data link with the surface equipment, the surface equipment can control the monitoring equipment to acquire corresponding data through a specific instruction, and the monitoring equipment uploads the data to the surface equipment through the data link after the data acquisition is finished; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

7. The system further comprises: the voice equipment comprises a call button and a voice acquisition and voice amplification module, wherein the call button is used for calling for help in an emergency, when the call button is pressed down, the voice equipment is manually activated if in a power-saving working state, the voice equipment automatically establishes a data transmission link with the aboveground equipment through an activated emergency wireless communication network, acquires voice signals through the voice acquisition module, and plays the voice signals through the voice amplification module to realize bidirectional voice communication; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

8. The system further comprises: if the monitoring equipment is in a power-saving working state, when the uphole equipment needs to acquire video or image data of a specific underground area, firstly, an emergency wireless communication network needs to be activated, the monitoring equipment in the communication range of the wireless node equipment in the area is activated through the wireless node equipment in the area, the monitoring equipment automatically establishes a data link with the uphole equipment, and the acquired data are uploaded to the uphole equipment through the data link; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

9. The system further comprises: the monitoring equipment and the monitoring equipment are internally provided with timers which can be automatically activated according to set timing time when in a power-saving working state, collect environmental data or video image data, automatically establish a data transmission link with the on-well equipment through an activated emergency wireless communication network, and upload the collected data through the link; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

10. The system further comprises: the display equipment is used for displaying the received graphic and text information; the display device has a query button for querying the received graphics or text.

11. The system further comprises: the underground wireless terminal equipment comprises a mobile phone, a positioning card, a mine lamp with a wireless communication function, a portable instrument with a wireless communication function and other equipment with a wireless communication function.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system 2.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation and cross-sectional structure of a wireless node and other devices.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a wireless node device.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the monitoring device.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the speech device.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the principle of the monitoring device.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic composition diagram of the device principle.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic wave energy converter.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency electromagnetic wave energy converter.

Fig. 11 contains a schematic diagram of the device structure of the wind power converter.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a device structure including a photoelectric converter.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a vibration energy/electric energy conversion unit.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an acoustoelectric conversion basic unit.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of an acoustic energy conversion member.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a temperature difference converting element.

FIG. 17 is a system flow diagram of a wireless mobile terminal device initiating communication downhole.

FIG. 18 is a system workflow diagram for downhole device uploading data.

Fig. 19 is a system flow diagram of an uphole device calling a wireless mobile terminal device communication downhole.

Detailed Description

The specific implementation mode 1 of the communication and monitoring system is shown in fig. 1, and comprises:

1. and the monitoring terminal (101) is in bidirectional communication with the underground wireless mobile terminal equipment (106) through a wireless communication network.

2. And the switch (102) is responsible for data exchange of all equipment accessing the Ethernet and is also responsible for establishment and management of the wireless communication network.

3. A wireless node device (103) responsible for establishing a wireless communication network; the default power-saving working state can be activated by the wireless mobile terminal equipment (105) and other adjacent equipment to enter a normal working state, and the power-saving working state is automatically returned after the communication is finished. The power is supplied by a built-in power converter.

(104) including downhole monitoring, speech, monitoring or display devices, powered by built-in power converters.

5. A wireless mobile terminal device (105) including a cellular phone, a locator card, a miner's lamp with a wireless communication function, a portable instrument with a wireless communication function, and other devices with a wireless communication function is provided with an emergency call button for activating a wireless node device (104) in a power saving state in a communication area.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the communication and monitoring system in an inclined shaft and a footrill.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an installation and cross-sectional structure of a wireless node device and the like, including:

1. the anchor rod (301) is used for fixedly mounting the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment, extends into the roadway wall, enables the bottom of the equipment to be fixed in a mode of being attached to the mounting plane, and can effectively prevent the wireless node equipment from falling off when an accident happens.

2. Equipment shell bottom (302) for carry on and install each part of wireless node equipment, adopt the material that has good heat conductivity, and have waterproof function, can conduct the heat dissipation of conducting on the medium of equipment inside heat conduction to bottom contact.

3. The top (303) of the equipment shell is streamline, and the material of the top of the shell of the wireless node equipment adopts high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material without wireless signal shielding effect and has a waterproof function. The top material of the monitoring device and the display device shell adopts transparent material.

4. The mainboard fixing copper columns (304) are used for supporting and fixing 4 mainboards (303) of wireless node equipment, monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment or display equipment, and are fixed at the bottom of the equipment.

5. And a battery (305) mounted at the bottom of the device housing.

6. And the main board (306) comprises core component parts of wireless node equipment, monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment or display equipment except an antenna and a button, and is arranged above the battery and is spaced from the battery by a certain distance.

7. And the communication antenna (307) and the FPC board type antenna are connected with an IPX interface on the mainboard by adopting a flexible special patch cord.

8. The energy harvesting component (308) of the power converter, which harvests energy in the downhole environment to convert it to electrical power, is generally made up of multiple parts, which are abstracted as one component representation in this schematic. If the device is a wind power, photoelectric or radio frequency electromagnetic field conversion component, the blade, the photoelectric board and the radio frequency electromagnetic wave acquisition antenna need to be installed outside the device shell (303).

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware component of a wireless node device, which mainly includes:

1. and the processor (401) adopts an Atheros AR7161 wireless network processor and has the working frequency of 600 Mhz.

2. A storage unit (402); including flash memory and random access memory. The fast Flash memory adopts 32M Flash; the random access memory adopts 128M SDRAM.

3. Wireless communication unit (403): including a wireless communication module and an antenna. The core chip of the wireless communication module adopts Atheros AR 9220; the antenna adopts an FPC board type built-in antenna, is connected with an IPX interface led out from AR9220 on the mainboard through a flexible special patch cord, and has the maximum gain not less than 3.5 dBi.

4. The wireless node device closest to the exit of the roadway has the function of accessing the emergency wireless communication network to the aboveground wired network besides the function of wireless access of the wireless mobile terminal device, so that the wireless node device has a wired communication unit. The wired communication unit (404) includes a wired communication module and a communication interface. The core chip of the wired communication module adopts Atheros AR8035 to support gigabit Ethernet. The communication interface adopts a standard Ethernet communication interface.

5. Power supply unit (405): the lithium battery has an anti-reverse connection function, has an internal protection circuit, has external protection circuits, has the functions of preventing overcharge, over discharge, overcurrent, short circuit and the like, and also has the functions of equalizing charge and equalizing discharge. The voltage conversion is responsible for converting the output voltage of the lithium battery into the voltage required by other unit elements, and a MAX1724 power supply chip is adopted. The battery charging management core chip adopts a CS0301 lithium battery charging management chip.

6. The electric energy converter (406) converts energy in the downhole environment into electric energy, and may be one or more of wind power conversion, electromagnetic field energy conversion, photoelectric conversion, vibration energy/electric energy conversion, acoustoelectric conversion, temperature difference/electric energy conversion, and radio frequency electromagnetic field energy conversion. The energy collecting component, the rectifying circuit, the filter circuit, the voltage stabilizing circuit and the energy storage element; the energy acquisition component is responsible for converting environmental energy into electric energy and providing an original fluctuation power supply; the rectification circuit is used for rectifying power generated by wind power conversion, electromagnetic field energy conversion, vibration energy/electric energy conversion, sound-electricity conversion and radio frequency electromagnetic field energy conversion, and adopts a single bridge rectification circuit; the filter circuit is used for filtering the rectified fluctuating power supply generated by wind power conversion, electromagnetic field energy conversion, vibration energy/electric energy conversion, sound-electricity conversion and radio frequency electromagnetic field energy conversion and outputting a smoother filter power supply; the voltage stabilizing circuit is used for stabilizing the voltage of the power supply, and the electric energy converted from the light energy and the heat energy can be directly stabilized without rectification and filtering. The voltage stabilizing circuit can adopt a voltage stabilizing tube or an adjustable integrated voltage stabilizer LM 317; the energy storage element plays the roles of preventing electric shock and storing energy, provides stable power supply for the wireless node equipment and mainly comprises a large-capacity super capacitor.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a principle structure of a monitoring device, the monitoring device can be equipped with one or more sensors selected from a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a methane sensor, an oxygen sensor, an air pressure sensor, a humidity sensor and a water immersion sensor, all the sensors are modules and are provided with pin headers, the pin headers are connected with a collecting plate through pin headers, power supply is obtained, and collected analog signals are output to a processor to support an a/D conversion I/O interface. The monitoring device includes:

1. the processor (501) adopts a samsung S3C2440 processor, the S3C2440 is a microprocessor based on an ARM920T inner core, and is provided with 3 UART interfaces, 2 SPI interfaces, 2 USB interfaces, 1 IIC-BUS interface and an integrated 8-channel 10-bit CMOS A/D converter, and the sensor data output by analog quantity can be directly collected due to the built-in A/D converter; the Linux system is mounted.

2. A storage unit (502); the EEPROM comprises 256M NAND Flash, a 4M NOR Flash, 128M SDRAM and an IIC-BUS interface.

3. The wireless communication module (503) adopts wireless network card equipment, has an IPX antenna interface, adopts an FPC board type built-in antenna, is connected with the IPX interface through a flexible special patch cord, and has the maximum gain not less than 3.5 dBi; support is provided by Linux and device drivers.

4. Power supply unit (504): the battery uses a primary battery or a lithium ion storage battery, the lithium battery has an anti-reverse connection function, has an internal protection circuit, has an external protection circuit, has the functions of preventing overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, short circuit and the like, and also has the functions of equalizing charge and equalizing discharge. The voltage conversion is responsible for converting the output voltage of the battery into the voltage required by other unit elements, and a MAX1724 power supply chip is adopted. If the storage battery is used, a battery charging and discharging management part is needed, and a CS0301 lithium battery charging management chip is adopted as a battery charging and discharging management core chip. The processor controls the sensor to supply power, and does not supply power to the sensor in the power saving mode.

5. A carbon monoxide sensor (506) with ME2-C0 carbon monoxide sensor module, ranging in range from 0 to 1000 ppm.

6. And a carbon dioxide sensor (507) which adopts an MG811 carbon dioxide sensor module and has a measuring range of 0 to 10000 ppm.

7. An oxygen sensor (508) with an ME3-O2 oxygen sensor module, ranging from 0 to 30%.

8. The methane sensor (509) adopts an MQ-4 methane sensor module, and the range of the measuring range is 300 to 10000 ppm.

9. The temperature sensor (510) adopts a DS18B20 temperature sensor module, and the range of the measuring range is-55 ℃ to +125 ℃.

10. The humidity sensor (511) adopts an AM2301 sensor module, uses an IIC-BUS interface, and can directly acquire digital data without A/D conversion.

11. The water sensor (512) is used for detecting the roadway water immersion condition, and adopts a plurality of paths of input water sensors, and 1 group of probes are correspondingly arranged on each path; the probes are arranged on the wall of the roadway, the number of the probes is not less than 2, namely, the water logging sensors are not less than 2 input channels; the probes are sequentially installed from low to high, the interval between every two groups of probes is not less than 5 cm, the distance between the lowest group of probes and the bottom of the roadway is not more than 5 cm, the probes are connected with resistors in series, and the change of the water and water resistance value of the probe induction loop is converted into a voltage change signal which can be collected by the processor (501).

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a schematic structure of a speech device, which mainly includes: the wireless communication device comprises a processor (601), a storage unit (602), a wireless communication module (603), a power supply unit (604), a power converter (605), a microphone (606), a loudspeaker (607) and a key (608). The processor (601), the storage unit (602), the wireless communication module (603), the power supply unit (604) and the electric energy converter (605) are completely the same as the monitoring equipment, and the S3C2440 platform scheme is mainly adopted. The microphone (606) is connected with a Mic interface led out from the processor (601) and used for collecting voice signals. The loudspeaker (607) is connected with a Phone interface led out from the processor (601) and is used for amplifying and outputting the voice signals. A key (608) is used as a call button for emergency calls.

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a schematic structure of a monitoring device, which mainly includes: the device comprises a processor (701), a storage unit (702), a wireless communication module (703), a power supply unit (704), a power converter (705) and a digital camera (706). The basic design scheme of a processor, a storage unit, a wireless communication module, a power supply unit and an electric energy converter of the monitoring device is the same as that of the monitoring device and the voice device, and the scheme of an S3C2440 platform is mainly adopted. The digital camera (706) adopts a USB interface digital camera with a digital video compression function, and is supported by Linux and a device driver.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a schematic structure of a display device, which mainly includes: the wireless communication device comprises a processor (801), a storage unit (802), a wireless communication module (803), a power supply unit (804), a power converter (805), a display screen (806) and keys (807). The basic design scheme of a processor, a storage unit, a wireless communication module, a power supply unit and an electric energy converter of the display device is the same as that of the monitoring device and the voice device, and the scheme of an S3C2440 platform is mainly adopted. The display (806) is a 4.3 inch LCD display, with Linux providing image, text, and graphics drivers. Two keys (807) are used as query buttons for querying the received graphics and text.

As shown in fig. 9, which is a schematic diagram of the principle of the electromagnetic wave energy converter, the electromagnetic wave energy conversion module collects power frequency electromagnetic wave energy generated by the power supply cable and converts the power frequency electromagnetic wave energy into electric energy. The electromagnetic wave energy converter comprises an electromagnetic induction antenna, a rectifier, a filter and a voltage stabilizing circuit; a coil with a ferrite core is adopted as an electromagnetic induction antenna; when the electric energy conversion equipment adopting electromagnetic wave energy conversion is installed, firstly, the equipment start-stop sensor is used for testing at different positions around the cable, the optimal installation position is determined according to the indication of the equipment start-stop sensor, and the electric energy conversion equipment is installed at the position.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a rf electromagnetic wave energy converter that collects rf electromagnetic wave energy emitted by nearby wireless mobile terminal equipment and converts the energy into electrical energy. The radio frequency electromagnetic wave energy converter comprises an electromagnetic induction antenna, an adjustable inductor, a rectifier, a filter and a voltage stabilizing circuit; the electromagnetic induction antenna adopts an L-shaped antenna, the adjustable inductor is used for resonance adjustment, and the frequency is adjusted to the communication working frequency of the wireless mobile terminal equipment.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus including a wind power converter, including: blades (1101), outer shaft (1102), drive shaft (1103), generator (1104), main plate (1105), etc. The main board (1105) comprises a rectification circuit, a filter circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and an energy storage element.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a device including a photoelectric converter, including: photoelectric conversion board (1201), pole support (1202), electric wire (1203), mainboard (1204) etc.. The photoelectric conversion plate (1201) converts light energy into electric energy, the support rod (1202) is used for supporting and connecting the photoelectric conversion plate, a movable rotating shaft is adopted at the joint of the support rod and the photoelectric conversion plate, and the direction of the photoelectric conversion plate can be adjusted to the optimal lighting position; the support rod is made of hollow materials and can be used for placing electric wires (1203) led out by the photoelectric conversion plate. The mainboard (1204) comprises a voltage stabilizing circuit and an energy storage element.

As shown in fig. 13, which is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration energy/electric energy conversion component, the vibration energy/electric energy conversion module converts mechanical energy and electric energy through vibration of a piezoelectric material. The composition comprises: the piezoelectric resonator comprises a vibrator (1301), a piezoelectric cantilever (1302), a conductive layer (1303), electrodes (1304) (1305) and a substrate (1306). The vibrator (1301) is used for reducing the vibration frequency of the piezoelectric suspension, adjusting the integral natural frequency to be matched with the environmental mechanical vibration to generate resonance, the piezoelectric cantilever (1302) adopts PZT lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic materials, and charges with opposite polarities are generated on two surfaces when the piezoelectric cantilever deforms. The conductive layer (1303) covers the surface of the PZT material and is responsible for leading out surface charges generated by the PZT material, and the electrode (1304) and the electrode (1305) have opposite polarities and are connected with a rectifying circuit. The substrate (1306) is made of silicon-based materials and is fixed at the bottom of the electric energy converter.

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a basic unit structure of an acoustic-electric conversion component, including: the piezoelectric film (1401), the conductive coating (1402), the electrodes (1403) (1404), the pressure equalizing hole (1405) and the substrate (1406). The piezoelectric film (1401) is circular, and adopts PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric film material, determines the main noise frequency according to the sound energy peak value of the environmental noise, and determines the thickness of the piezoelectric film according to the main noise frequency. The conductive coating (1402) is made of metal materials, directly covers the surface of the piezoelectric material and is responsible for leading out surface charges generated by the piezoelectric material. Electrode (1403) and electrode (1404) are of opposite polarity. The substrate (1406) is made of a silicon-based material and is a hollow cuboid; the pressure equalizing holes (1405) are used for ensuring the balance of air pressure inside and outside the unit.

Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the acoustic energy conversion unit, which is a cube, wherein 4 surfaces are combined into an acoustic-electric conversion array by a plurality of acoustic-electric conversion units, and can receive acoustic energy in 4 directions, and the outputs of all the acoustic-electric conversion units are connected in parallel and are connected with the voltage stabilizing circuit board together.

As shown in fig. 16, which is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature difference conversion unit, the temperature difference conversion module uses the temperature difference between two different semiconductor materials to cause electromotive force to realize conversion from heat energy to electric energy, and includes: a heat-conducting plate (1601), a Peltier element (1602), a heat-radiating fin (1603), and electrodes (1604) (1605). The heat conducting plate (1601) and the heat radiating fin (1603) are made of copper metal plates with good heat conducting property, and the Peltier element (1602) is positioned between the heat conducting plate and the heat radiating fin and generates electromotive force by utilizing temperature difference at two ends. Because the temperature difference is not easy to generate sudden change, the generated electromotive force is not sudden change generally, so a rectifying and filtering circuit is not needed, and the electrode (1604) and the electrode (1605) have opposite polarities and are directly connected with a voltage stabilizing circuit board.

During emergency communication, if the downhole wireless mobile terminal device initiates communication, the working flow of the system is as shown in fig. 17:

(1701) pressing an emergency call button and a call number of a wireless mobile terminal device, the wireless mobile terminal device transmitting a network link establishment request.

(1702) the nearest wireless node device receiving a wireless mobile terminal device network link establishment request, and if the wireless node device is in a power saving state, switching from the power saving state to a normal operating state.

(1703) the wireless node device queries a route of the called device.

(1704) the wireless node device judges the network link direction according to the route, if the called device is accessed by the wireless node device, the execution is carried out (1707); if the routing level of the called device is lower, executing (1705); if the called device has a higher routing level, the process proceeds (1706).

(1705) awakening the wireless node devices in the power saving state in the uplink direction in sequence until the wireless node devices in the area where the called device is located, if the called device is an aboveground device, awakening all the wireless node devices in the uplink direction.

(1706) waking up the wireless node devices in the power saving state in the downlink direction in sequence until the wireless node device in the area where the called device is located.

(1707) after all devices required for the network link are woken up, establishing a network link between the calling device and the called device.

(1708) the calling device and the called device communicate over a network link.

(1709) either the calling device or the called device actively ends the communication, or the network link is disconnected if no data communication exists in the network link after the set time.

(1710) after the network link is disconnected and the delay is set, the wireless node device in the power saving state on the network link is switched to the power saving state again.

If a call button of the voice device is pressed, or the monitoring device uploads data at regular time, the uplink communication is initiated, and the working flow of the system is as shown in fig. 18:

(1801) requesting to establish a link with the monitoring terminal.

(1802) the nearest wireless node device receives a network link establishment request, and if the wireless node device is in a power saving state, the wireless node device transitions from the power saving state to a normal operating state.

(1803) sequentially waking up the wireless node devices in the power saving state in the uplink direction.

(1804) establishing a network link between the calling device and the monitoring terminal.

(1805) the calling device and the monitor terminal communicate over a network link.

(1806) the calling device actively ending the communication to disconnect the network link.

(1807) after the network link is disconnected and the setting time is delayed, the wireless node device in the power saving state on the network link is switched to the power saving state again.

In emergency communication, if the above-ground device initiates communication with the wireless mobile terminal device in the well, the working flow of the system is as shown in fig. 19:

(1901) the uphole device calls the wireless mobile terminal device downhole.

(1902) a wireless node device accessing a wired network receives a network link setup request from a surface device.

(1903) the wireless node device querying the called device for a route.

(1904) waking up the wireless node devices in the power saving state in the downlink direction in sequence until the wireless node device in the area where the called device is located.

(1905) establishing a network link between the calling device and the called device after all devices required for the network link have woken up.

(1906) the calling device and the called device communicate over a network link.

(1907) either the calling device or the called device actively ends the communication, or the network link is disconnected if no data communication occurs in the network link beyond a set time.

(1908) after disconnecting the network link for a predetermined delay time, the wireless node device in the power saving state on the network link is again switched to the power saving state.

Claims

1. A self-powered mine emergency communication and monitoring system is characterized in that: the system comprises wireless node equipment, monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment, display equipment and underground wireless terminal equipment; the wireless node device, the monitoring device, the voice device, the monitoring device and the display device are internally provided with a storage battery and an electric energy converter, and the electric energy converter converts energy in the underground environment into electric energy to charge the storage battery; the electric energy converter comprises one or more converters of a wind power converter, an electromagnetic wave energy converter, a photoelectric converter, a vibration energy/electric energy converter, an acoustoelectric converter, a temperature difference/electric energy converter and a radio frequency electromagnetic field energy converter; the electromagnetic wave energy converter adopts a coil with a ferrite core as an electromagnetic induction antenna, when the electromagnetic wave energy converter is installed, an equipment start-stop sensor is firstly used for testing at different positions on the periphery of a cable, the optimal installation position is determined according to the indication of the equipment start-stop sensor, and electric energy conversion equipment is installed at the position; during emergency communication, wireless node equipment forms an emergency wireless communication network in a wireless multi-hop communication mode, and monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment, display equipment and underground wireless terminal equipment are accessed to the emergency wireless communication network through the wireless node equipment to realize communication; the emergency communication is initiated by monitoring equipment, voice equipment, monitoring equipment and display equipment, or initiated by underground wireless terminal equipment and aboveground communication equipment; the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are in a power-saving working state by default, each piece of equipment in the power-saving working state can be activated by other adjacent equipment, and the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment can also be automatically activated at regular time; the voice device may also be activated manually; when the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are in a power-saving working state, only the wireless signals are received, and the wireless signals are not sent; when the equipment in the power-saving working state is activated to enter a normal working state, the wireless node equipment has a complete sending and receiving function and also has a complete networking function; after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state; the bottom of the wireless node device, the bottom of the monitoring device, the bottom of the voice device, the bottom of the monitoring device and the bottom of the display device are tightly attached to the installation plane and fixed, the section of the shell has the following characteristics that the side surface is streamline, the top of the shell does not have an acute angle or a right angle, and the junction angle between the bottom and the top is an acute angle; the bottom material is made of a material with good heat conduction property; the top material of the wireless node equipment adopts a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating material without a wireless signal shielding effect; the wireless node equipment shell has a waterproof function;

when the wireless node equipment is activated by adjacent equipment, if uplink communication is needed, the wireless node equipment activates the adjacent wireless node equipment in the uplink communication direction, and activates all the wireless node equipment in the uplink direction step by step in a relay mode to complete the network environment establishment of a link needed by communication; when the system needs downlink communication, all wireless node equipment needed by communication is activated in a relay activation mode to complete the establishment of a network environment needed by communication; after the communication is completed, each wireless node device automatically enters a power-saving working state.

2. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the wireless node equipment, the monitoring equipment, the voice equipment, the monitoring equipment and the display equipment are arranged on the side wall or the top of the roadway and the wall of the shaft, or are arranged on the accessory facilities which are firm on the side wall or the top of the roadway and the wall of the shaft and are permanently reserved in the service life of the roadway.

3. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the monitoring equipment comprises a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a methane sensor, an oxygen sensor, an air pressure sensor, a humidity sensor and a water immersion sensor.

4. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: if the monitoring equipment is in a power-saving working state, when the surface equipment needs to acquire environmental data of a specific underground area, firstly, an emergency wireless communication network needs to be activated, the monitoring equipment in the communication range of the surface equipment is activated through the wireless node equipment in the area, the monitoring equipment automatically establishes a data link with the surface equipment, the surface equipment controls the monitoring equipment to acquire corresponding data through a specific instruction, and the monitoring equipment uploads the data to the surface equipment through the data link after the data acquisition is finished; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

5. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the voice equipment comprises a call button and a voice acquisition and voice amplification module, wherein the call button is used for calling for help in an emergency, when the call button is pressed down, the voice equipment is manually activated if in a power-saving working state, the voice equipment automatically establishes a data transmission link with the aboveground equipment through an activated emergency wireless communication network, acquires voice signals through the voice acquisition module, and plays the voice signals through the voice amplification module to realize bidirectional voice communication; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

6. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: if the monitoring equipment is in a power-saving working state, when the uphole equipment needs to acquire video or image data of a specific underground area, firstly, an emergency wireless communication network needs to be activated, the monitoring equipment in the communication range of the wireless node equipment in the area is activated through the wireless node equipment in the area, the monitoring equipment automatically establishes a data link with the uphole equipment, and the acquired data are uploaded to the uphole equipment through the data link; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

7. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the monitoring equipment and the monitoring equipment are internally provided with timers, and when the monitoring equipment and the monitoring equipment are in a power-saving working state, the timers are automatically activated according to set timing time, environmental data or video image data are collected, a data transmission link is automatically established with the on-well equipment through an activated emergency wireless communication network, and the collected data are uploaded through a link; and after the activated equipment completes the work communication, the activated equipment automatically enters a power-saving working state.

8. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the display equipment is used for displaying the received graphic and text information; the display device has a query button for querying the received graphics or text.

9. The emergency communication and monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the underground wireless terminal equipment comprises a mobile phone, a positioning card, a mine lamp with a wireless communication function, a portable instrument with a wireless communication function and other equipment with a wireless communication function.