CN105871325A - Feedforward MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control method for increasing adjusting speed and accuracy of photovoltaic optimizers under local shadow screening - Google Patents
Feedforward MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control method for increasing adjusting speed and accuracy of photovoltaic optimizers under local shadow screening Download PDFInfo
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- CN105871325A CN105871325A CN201610362982.8A CN201610362982A CN105871325A CN 105871325 A CN105871325 A CN 105871325A CN 201610362982 A CN201610362982 A CN 201610362982A CN 105871325 A CN105871325 A CN 105871325A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
-
- H02J3/385—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a feedforward MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control method for increasing the adjusting speed and accuracy of photovoltaic optimizers under local shadow screening. When an assembly in a photovoltaic array is screened by a shadow, after one optimizer connected with the assembly performs MPPT adjustment, process parameters and result parameters of adjustment are transmitted to other photovoltaic optimizers which are not screened temporarily and serve as feedforward signals, and the adjustment link is added when the photovoltaic optimizers are screened, so that the photovoltaic optimizers are adjusted to maximum power output points quickly and accurately. The power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic power generation system under complicated illumination conditions is improved, the method is simple to operate, additional wiring and hardware upgrading are not required in a system which already realizes optimizer communication, all that is required is software upgrading, and convenience in use and later maintenance is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photovoltaic generation and Internet of Things communication technical field, be specifically related to a kind of local shades and block
Lower raising photovoltaic optimizer is regulated the speed and the feedforward MPPT control method of accuracy.
Background technology
For solve the one or more photovoltaic modulies in photovoltaic generating system exist local shades block time, each
The problem that characteristic mismatch between photovoltaic module will cause system output power to be remarkably decreased is the most ripe
Method be by the output of each photovoltaic module through power optimization device (Power Optimizer) or claim module integrated
Changer (Module Integrated Converter, MIC) carries out distributed MPPT maximum power point tracking (DMPPT)
After, then output of connecting.Photovoltaic optimizer is a kind of DC/DC equipment, its internal execution MPPT maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) algorithm, can one or more assemblies in a string photovoltaic module at uneven illumination or component aging
Under the characteristic curve mismatch condition caused so that it is corresponding photovoltaic module keeps maximum power output.By photovoltaic
Assembly and connected photovoltaic optimizer thereof are considered as a photovoltaic cells, it will be seen from figure 1 that compare independent
Photovoltaic module, photovoltaic cells can all work in maximum power point in the widest voltage output range.
As a example by BUCK type photovoltaic optimizer, circuit topology and controlling unit are as in figure 2 it is shown, photovoltaic optimization
The control of device is controlled ring by voltage control loop and MPPT and collectively forms.In order to make photovoltaic module have bigger merit
Rate is transmitted, and the output of the necessary detection components in real time of photovoltaic optimizer, to adjust the work of photovoltaic module in time
Make a little, be allowed to always work near maximum power point, i.e. carry out MPPT maximum power point tracking MPPT.Optimizer
Conventional MPPT controls technology to be had: constant voltage control, disturbance observational method, conductance increment method and double mode MPPT
Control technology.
In MPPT control technology the most frequently used for disturbance observational method, its control process is: the most just sets a photovoltaic
Component operation voltage, then by the dutycycle of regulation power switch pipe to photovoltaic array output voltage periodically
Disturbance, such as make it increase, then compare the output of photovoltaic before and after disturbance, if output because of
This increases, and illustrates that photovoltaic works in the left side of maximum power point, then should continue to keep working as in next disturbance cycle
Front perturbation direction, increases the output voltage of photovoltaic module；If otherwise output reduces, then photovoltaic is described
Work in the right side of maximum power point, current perturbation direction make operating point away from maximum power point, so should change
Become perturbation direction, make photovoltaic module output voltage reduce.Through adjustment repeatedly, finally make photovoltaic module
Maximum power point is approached in operating point.
Using disturbance observational method to need to increase or reduce output voltage repeatedly makes the operating point of assembly approach maximum
Power points, needs the power calculation carried out repeatedly to compare, and operand is big, and operation time is long, and therefore photovoltaic is excellent
Change device carry out photovoltaic module existing when MPPT adjusts speed more slowly, accurate not shortcoming.Experiment finds,
When photovoltaic module is by shadow occlusion, the output voltage of photovoltaic module and output can drastically decline；But it is several
Simultaneously as the adjustment of Voltage loop, optimizer output voltage can be promoted to rapidly before voltage；At MPPT
Under the adjustment of ring, voltage the most slowly declines until to maximum power output voltage under the conditions of current light；When
During illumination restoration, process is the most similar, as shown in Figure 3.It can thus be seen that in a dynamic condition, MPPT
Process influences whether MPPT average efficiency, regulates the speed the slowest, and average MPPT efficiency is the lowest.
Summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned, the invention provides a kind of local shades block lower raising photovoltaic optimizer regulate the speed and
The feedforward MPPT control method of accuracy, under conditions of realizing intercommunication between photovoltaic optimizer,
First by the optimizer of shadow occlusion, MPPT can be adjusted parameter to be transferred to accept as feed-forward signal
To the optimizer of same shadow occlusion, being adjusted by feedforward MPPT, the MPPT of other optimizer adjusts will
The most accurate, rapidly.
A kind of local shades blocks lower raising photovoltaic optimizer regulates the speed and the feedforward MPPT control of accuracy
Method is as follows:
When shadow occlusion starts to affect photovoltaic array, make in photovoltaic array first by blocking the photovoltaic group affected
Part carries out MPPT regulation by its connected photovoltaic optimizer and controls, thus will output electricity under obstruction conditions
Pressure is stable on maximum power point；
And then corresponding adjustment information is sent in photovoltaic array remaining photovoltaic optimizer by this photovoltaic optimizer,
And as the feed-forward signal of these photovoltaic optimizers；
When in following photovoltaic array other photovoltaic modulies blocked successively affect time, these photovoltaic modulies pass through
Respective connected photovoltaic optimizer carries out MPPT regulation according to described feed-forward signal and controls, quickly will output
Voltage stabilization is on maximum power point.
Described adjustment information includes: by blocking the output voltage values after affecting moment decline, adjusting through MPPT
Joint after controlling stable under obstruction conditions the output voltage values on maximum power point, blocked the moment that disappears and risen
After output voltage values, the input/output voltage ratio of photovoltaic optimizer and MPPT regulation control during
About PID (proportional-integral-differential) and the parameter value of MPPT.
For following photovoltaic array being subject to successively block the arbitrary photovoltaic module affected, its company of first passing through
Photovoltaic optimizer according to input voltage VpvWith input current IpvCarry out MPPT regulation, thus calculate
Output voltage values V on corresponding maximum power point under obstruction conditionsref；Then according to described feed-forward signal by head
Individual by block the photovoltaic module that affects after photovoltaic optimizer MPPT regulation controls stable at obstruction conditions under
Output voltage values V on high-power point1Deduct output voltage values VrefObtain voltage error Δ V；Finally will
Vref+ΔV-VpvResult obtain dutycycle d through PID regulation, and then by PWM (pulse width modulation) skill
Art generates control signal so that the switching tube in photovoltaic optimizer is carried out on-off control.
Described photovoltaic array is composed in parallel by organizing photovoltaic queue more, and often group photovoltaic queue is by multiple photovoltaic cells
Being composed in series, each photovoltaic cells is connected by a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic optimizer and forms.
Photovoltaic optimizer in described photovoltaic array has the function being in communication with each other, the implementation of described communication
Including separate cabling communication, power line carrier communication and radio communication.
Described photovoltaic optimizer includes input capacitance Cpv, switching tube S, diode D, inductance L, output
Electric capacity CoAnd controller；Wherein, input capacitance CpvOne end of positive pole and switching tube S and photovoltaic group
The positive pole of part is connected, and the other end of switching tube S is connected with the negative electrode of diode D and one end of inductance L,
The other end of inductance L and output capacitance CoPositive pole be connected, input capacitance CpvNegative pole and diode D
Anode, output capacitance CoNegative pole and the negative pole of photovoltaic module connect altogether, the control pole of switching tube S connects control
The control signal that device provides, output capacitance CoBoth end voltage is described output voltage.
Described controller is integrated with MPPT module, PID module and PWM module.
Compared to existing technology, the present invention uses feedforward MPPT control method, simplifies disturbance observational method and carries out
The process of MPPT regulation, eliminates output voltage and gradually approaches the process of maximum power point voltage, shorten tune
The whole time, improve Adjustment precision, can effectively improve photovoltaic module optimizer under the conditions of dynamic barriers
The speed of MPPT regulation and accuracy, improve photovoltaic efficiency.Additionally, the present invention is simple to operate,
Realize the system of communication need not additionally connect up and HardwareUpgring, it is only necessary to software upgrading, use and the later stage
It is convenient to safeguard.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 (a) is output and the voltage curve of photovoltaic module.
Fig. 1 (b) is output and the voltage curve of photovoltaic cells.
Fig. 2 is circuit topology and the control strategy schematic diagram of BUCK type photovoltaic optimizer.
Fig. 3 is voltage-regulation and the power of optimizer during photovoltaic module is disappeared by shadow occlusion and shade
Regulation procedure chart.
Fig. 4 is the simplified model schematic diagram of shadow occlusion process photovoltaic array.
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic module PV during photovoltaic module is disappeared by shadow occlusion and shade12And PV14Electricity
Pressure and power adjustment procedure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the photovoltaic optimizer control strategy schematic diagram adding feedforward MPPT regulation.
Fig. 7 is the photovoltaic optimizer having feedforward MPPT to adjust and adjust without feedforward under dynamic shadow obstruction conditions
Average efficiency contrast schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the photovoltaic optimizer having feedforward MPPT to adjust and adjust without feedforward under dynamic shadow obstruction conditions
Regulation duration contrast schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the detailed description of the invention skill to the present invention
Art scheme is described in detail.
The control of photovoltaic optimizer is adjusted by Voltage loop and MPPT ring adjusts and collectively forms.When photovoltaic module is subject to
During shadow occlusion, first output voltage and the output of photovoltaic module can drastically decline.But almost simultaneously,
Due to the adjustment of Voltage loop, photovoltaic optimizer output voltage can be promoted to rapidly before voltage.Then at MPPT
Under the adjustment of ring, voltage the most slowly declines until to maximum power output voltage under the conditions of current light.When
During illumination restoration, process is the most similar.
In the present invention, photovoltaic optimizer is by certain communication mode, the procedure parameter regulated and regulation knot
Really parameter is transferred to remaining temporarily not by the photovoltaic optimizer of shadow effect, before remaining photovoltaic optimizer
Feedback adjusts parameter.In the ensuing time, when remaining photovoltaic optimizer is by shadow occlusion, as judged
The shade of impact is same or similar with the shade that aforementioned photovoltaic optimizer runs into, then feedforward can be utilized to adjust parameter,
It is adjusted to the position of maximum power output rapidly and accurately.
The present invention is applied to the feedforward MPPT control method of photovoltaic optimizer, and detailed process is as follows:
(1) when shade starts the first assembly affecting in photovoltaic array, this assembly connected photovoltaic optimizer enters
Row MPPT regulates, final stable maximum power point (mpp) (MPP) under this obstruction conditions.
(2) the adjustment parameter under the conditions of impacted is passed to by this photovoltaic optimizer by certain communication mode
Remaining photovoltaic optimizer temporarily not blocked, as the feed-forward signal of remaining photovoltaic optimizer.
Adjustment parameter includes: the value declined by this shadow occlusion transient voltage, blocks on disappearance transient voltage
Appreciating, magnitude of voltage the most stable after MPPT regulation, photovoltaic optimizer input and output voltage ratio, when blocking
Between and block PID regulation and the parameter value of MPPT regulation conducted in process.
(3) when not started to be affected by the photovoltaic module of shadow effect, its connected photovoltaic optimizer judges
Using feed-forward signal to carry out MPPT regulation after obstruction conditions during MPPT adjusts, fast and stable is
High-power output point.
Simplify shadow occlusion model, make PVMNRepresent the assembly of photovoltaic array M row N row, POMNGeneration
The photovoltaic optimizer of table M row N row.For simplifying dynamic shadow obstruction conditions, by cloud cover photovoltaic array
Process be divided into several time periods.As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, PV12It is to be moved sky cloud effect at first
Assembly, is blocked rear voltage and drops quickly to V1, under the adjustment of Voltage loop, voltage is returned to again V0,
Then MPPT adjustment is carried out, finally at V2Maximum power output is realized under voltage.Now, PV12Pass through
PSDM control strategy, by voltage drop point V1Voltage V final with MPP2It is transferred to remaining be likely to be received
The photovoltaic optimizer of same shade.Work as PV14When running into the decline of shade voltage, can judge to decline the voltage of moment
Whether it is V1.If V1, then PV is described14Have received and PV12Identical shadow occlusion, then can be straight
Connect and Voltage Reference is set to V2.Method according to this, PV14Will rapidly and precisely work in maximum power point.
PV14Use the controlling unit that feedforward MPPT adjusts as shown in Figure 6.
Photovoltaic optimizer used by present embodiment include DC-DC converter, signal sampling and modulate circuit,
Digitial controller and drive circuit, DC-DC converter is used for converting the output voltage of photovoltaic module,
To reach maximum power output.Preferably photovoltaic optimizer is only just started working under the conditions of local shades, logical
Overvoltage adjusts and MPPT adjusts and makes each photovoltaic module all can be operated in maximum power point；And when illumination is equal
Even and time photovoltaic property is consistent, photovoltaic optimizer then quits work, it is to avoid affect photovoltaic efficiency.
Case verification: assume under shadow occlusion, power loss is 50%.Photovoltaic optimizer is used feedforward
MPPT control method and average MPPT efficiency when not using contrast, as shown in Figure 7.Simultaneously to light
Photovoltaic assembly carries out blocking and cancellation is blocked, it was observed that employ the photovoltaic optimizer of feedforward MPPT control method
Regulating time the shortest, and do not use feedforward MPPT control method photovoltaic optimizer regulating time the longest,
Experimental waveform is as shown in Figure 8.As can be seen here, the present invention is used to feedover MPPT control method so that photovoltaic
Optimizer is obtained for certain lifting to speed and the accuracy of MPPT maximum power point tracking.
The above-mentioned description to embodiment is to be understood that for ease of those skilled in the art and apply
The present invention.Above-described embodiment obviously easily can be made various amendment by person skilled in the art,
And General Principle described herein is applied in other embodiments without through performing creative labour.Therefore,
The invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art, according to the announcement of the present invention, do for the present invention
The improvement and the amendment that go out all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a local shades blocks lower raising photovoltaic optimizer and regulates the speed and the feedforward MPPT control of accuracy
Method processed, it is characterised in that:
When shadow occlusion starts to affect photovoltaic array, make in photovoltaic array first by blocking the photovoltaic group affected
Part carries out MPPT regulation by its connected photovoltaic optimizer and controls, thus will output electricity under obstruction conditions
Pressure is stable on maximum power point；
And then corresponding adjustment information is sent in photovoltaic array remaining photovoltaic optimizer by this photovoltaic optimizer,
And as the feed-forward signal of these photovoltaic optimizers；
When in following photovoltaic array other photovoltaic modulies blocked successively affect time, these photovoltaic modulies pass through
Respective connected photovoltaic optimizer carries out MPPT regulation according to described feed-forward signal and controls, quickly will output
Voltage stabilization is on maximum power point.
Feedforward MPPT control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described adjustment
Information includes: by blocking the output voltage values after affecting moment decline, stablizing after MPPT regulation controls
Output voltage values on maximum power point under obstruction conditions, by block the moment that disappears rise after output voltage values,
The input/output voltage ratio of photovoltaic optimizer and MPPT regulation control during about PID and
The parameter value of MPPT.
Feedforward MPPT control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for next
Successively by blocking the arbitrary photovoltaic module affected in photovoltaic array, it first passes through connected photovoltaic optimizer root
According to input voltage VpvWith input current IpvCarry out MPPT regulation, thus calculate under obstruction conditions corresponding
Output voltage values V on maximum power pointref；Then affected first by blocking according to described feed-forward signal
Photovoltaic module after photovoltaic optimizer MPPT regulation controls stable at obstruction conditions under defeated on maximum power point
Go out magnitude of voltage V1Deduct output voltage values VrefObtain voltage error Δ V；Finally by Vref+ΔV-VpvResult warp
PID regulation obtains dutycycle d, and then generates control signal with to light by PWM (pulse width modulation) technology
Switching tube in volt optimizer carries out on-off control.
Feedforward MPPT control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described photovoltaic
Array is composed in parallel by organizing photovoltaic queue more, and often group photovoltaic queue is composed in series by multiple photovoltaic cells, each
Photovoltaic cells is connected by a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic optimizer and forms.
Feedforward MPPT control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described photovoltaic battle array
Photovoltaic optimizer in row has the function being in communication with each other, and the implementation of described communication includes that separate cabling leads to
Letter, power line carrier communication and radio communication.
Feedforward MPPT control method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described photovoltaic
Optimizer includes input capacitance Cpv, switching tube S, diode D, inductance L, output capacitance CoAnd control
Device；Wherein, input capacitance CpvPositive pole be connected with one end of switching tube S and the positive pole of photovoltaic module, open
Close pipe S the other end be connected with the negative electrode of diode D and one end of inductance L, the other end of inductance L and
Output capacitance CoPositive pole be connected, input capacitance CpvNegative pole and the anode of diode D, output capacitance Co
Negative pole and the negative pole of photovoltaic module connect altogether, the pole that controls of switching tube S connects the control signal that controller provides,
Output capacitance CoBoth end voltage is described output voltage.
Feedforward MPPT control method the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described control
Device is integrated with MPPT module, PID module and PWM module.
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| CN106647921A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-10 | 南通大学 | Improved MPPT algorithm with reduced influence of partial shading on photovoltaic system |
| CN107248843A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-10-13 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of control method of photovoltaic generation, control device and photovoltaic generating system |
| CN113037214A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-25 | 合肥工业大学 | Photovoltaic module shadow shielding fault diagnosis method based on S-V curve |
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